In we set the old _refcount value after verifying that the old value was indeed 0. VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page_count(page) != 0, page); < the _refcount may change here> atomic_set_release(&page->_refcount, count); To avoid the smal gap where _refcount may change lets verify the time of the _refcount at the time of the set operation. Use atomic_xchg_release() and at the set time verify that the value was 0. Signed-off-by: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@xxxxxxxxxx> --- include/linux/page_ref.h | 5 ++--- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/include/linux/page_ref.h b/include/linux/page_ref.h index 243fc60ae6c8..9efabeff4e06 100644 --- a/include/linux/page_ref.h +++ b/include/linux/page_ref.h @@ -322,10 +322,9 @@ static inline int folio_ref_freeze(struct folio *folio, int count) static inline void page_ref_unfreeze(struct page *page, int count) { - VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page_count(page) != 0, page); - VM_BUG_ON(count == 0); + int old_val = atomic_xchg_release(&page->_refcount, count); - atomic_set_release(&page->_refcount, count); + VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(count == 0 || old_val != 0, page); if (page_ref_tracepoint_active(page_ref_unfreeze)) __page_ref_unfreeze(page, count); } -- 2.35.0.rc0.227.g00780c9af4-goog