This patch adds a lightweight sync migrate operation MIGRATE_SYNC_LIGHT
mode that avoids writing back pages to backing storage. Async
compaction maps to MIGRATE_ASYNC while sync compaction maps to
MIGRATE_SYNC_LIGHT. For other migrate_pages users such as memory
hotplug, MIGRATE_SYNC is used.
This avoids sync compaction stalling for an excessive length of time,
particularly when copying files to a USB stick where there might be
a large number of dirty pages backed by a filesystem that does not
support ->writepages.
[aarcange@xxxxxxxxxx: This patch is heavily based on Andrea's work]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@xxxxxxx>
---
fs/btrfs/disk-io.c | 3 +-
fs/hugetlbfs/inode.c | 2 +-
fs/nfs/internal.h | 2 +-
fs/nfs/write.c | 2 +-
include/linux/fs.h | 6 ++-
include/linux/migrate.h | 23 +++++++++++---
mm/compaction.c | 2 +-
mm/memory-failure.c | 2 +-
mm/memory_hotplug.c | 2 +-
mm/mempolicy.c | 2 +-
mm/migrate.c | 78 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------
11 files changed, 74 insertions(+), 50 deletions(-)
diff --git a/fs/btrfs/disk-io.c b/fs/btrfs/disk-io.c
index 896b87a..dbe9518 100644
--- a/fs/btrfs/disk-io.c
+++ b/fs/btrfs/disk-io.c
@@ -872,7 +872,8 @@ static int btree_submit_bio_hook(struct inode *inode, int rw, struct bio *bio,
#ifdef CONFIG_MIGRATION
static int btree_migratepage(struct address_space *mapping,
- struct page *newpage, struct page *page, bool sync)
+ struct page *newpage, struct page *page,
+ enum migrate_mode sync)
{
/*
* we can't safely write a btree page from here,
diff --git a/fs/hugetlbfs/inode.c b/fs/hugetlbfs/inode.c
index 10b9883..6b80537 100644
--- a/fs/hugetlbfs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/hugetlbfs/inode.c
@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ static int hugetlbfs_set_page_dirty(struct page *page)
static int hugetlbfs_migrate_page(struct address_space *mapping,
struct page *newpage, struct page *page,
- bool sync)
+ enum migrate_mode mode)
{
int rc;
diff --git a/fs/nfs/internal.h b/fs/nfs/internal.h
index 8d96ed6..68b3f20 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/internal.h
+++ b/fs/nfs/internal.h
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ void nfs_commit_release_pages(struct nfs_write_data *data);
#ifdef CONFIG_MIGRATION
extern int nfs_migrate_page(struct address_space *,
- struct page *, struct page *, bool);
+ struct page *, struct page *, enum migrate_mode);
#else
#define nfs_migrate_page NULL
#endif
diff --git a/fs/nfs/write.c b/fs/nfs/write.c
index 33475df..adb87d9 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/write.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/write.c
@@ -1711,7 +1711,7 @@ out_error:
#ifdef CONFIG_MIGRATION
int nfs_migrate_page(struct address_space *mapping, struct page *newpage,
- struct page *page, bool sync)
+ struct page *page, enum migrate_mode sync)
{
/*
* If PagePrivate is set, then the page is currently associated with
diff --git a/include/linux/fs.h b/include/linux/fs.h
index 5f3089c..95ede31 100644
--- a/include/linux/fs.h
+++ b/include/linux/fs.h
@@ -525,6 +525,7 @@ enum positive_aop_returns {
struct page;
struct address_space;
struct writeback_control;
+enum migrate_mode;
struct iov_iter {
const struct iovec *iov;
@@ -614,7 +615,7 @@ struct address_space_operations {
* is false, it must not block.
*/
int (*migratepage) (struct address_space *,
- struct page *, struct page *, bool);
+ struct page *, struct page *, enum migrate_mode);
int (*launder_page) (struct page *);
int (*is_partially_uptodate) (struct page *, read_descriptor_t *,
unsigned long);
@@ -2582,7 +2583,8 @@ extern int generic_check_addressable(unsigned, u64);
#ifdef CONFIG_MIGRATION
extern int buffer_migrate_page(struct address_space *,
- struct page *, struct page *, bool);
+ struct page *, struct page *,
+ enum migrate_mode);
#else
#define buffer_migrate_page NULL
#endif
diff --git a/include/linux/migrate.h b/include/linux/migrate.h
index 14e6d2a..775787c 100644
--- a/include/linux/migrate.h
+++ b/include/linux/migrate.h
@@ -6,18 +6,31 @@
typedef struct page *new_page_t(struct page *, unsigned long private, int **);
+/*
+ * MIGRATE_ASYNC means never block
+ * MIGRATE_SYNC_LIGHT in the current implementation means to allow blocking
+ * on most operations but not ->writepage as the potential stall time
+ * is too significant
+ * MIGRATE_SYNC will block when migrating pages
+ */
+enum migrate_mode {
+ MIGRATE_ASYNC,
+ MIGRATE_SYNC_LIGHT,
+ MIGRATE_SYNC,
+};
+
#ifdef CONFIG_MIGRATION
#define PAGE_MIGRATION 1
extern void putback_lru_pages(struct list_head *l);
extern int migrate_page(struct address_space *,
- struct page *, struct page *, bool);
+ struct page *, struct page *, enum migrate_mode);
extern int migrate_pages(struct list_head *l, new_page_t x,
unsigned long private, bool offlining,
- bool sync);
+ enum migrate_mode sync);
extern int migrate_huge_pages(struct list_head *l, new_page_t x,
unsigned long private, bool offlining,
- bool sync);
+ enum migrate_mode sync);
extern int fail_migrate_page(struct address_space *,
struct page *, struct page *);
@@ -36,10 +49,10 @@ extern int migrate_huge_page_move_mapping(struct address_space *mapping,
static inline void putback_lru_pages(struct list_head *l) {}
static inline int migrate_pages(struct list_head *l, new_page_t x,
unsigned long private, bool offlining,
- bool sync) { return -ENOSYS; }
+ enum migrate_mode sync) { return -ENOSYS; }
static inline int migrate_huge_pages(struct list_head *l, new_page_t x,
unsigned long private, bool offlining,
- bool sync) { return -ENOSYS; }
+ enum migrate_mode sync) { return -ENOSYS; }
static inline int migrate_prep(void) { return -ENOSYS; }
static inline int migrate_prep_local(void) { return -ENOSYS; }
diff --git a/mm/compaction.c b/mm/compaction.c
index 0379263..dbe1da0 100644
--- a/mm/compaction.c
+++ b/mm/compaction.c
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ static int compact_zone(struct zone *zone, struct compact_control *cc)
nr_migrate = cc->nr_migratepages;
err = migrate_pages(&cc->migratepages, compaction_alloc,
(unsigned long)cc, false,
- cc->sync);
+ cc->sync ? MIGRATE_SYNC_LIGHT : MIGRATE_ASYNC);
update_nr_listpages(cc);
nr_remaining = cc->nr_migratepages;
diff --git a/mm/memory-failure.c b/mm/memory-failure.c
index 06d3479..56080ea 100644
--- a/mm/memory-failure.c
+++ b/mm/memory-failure.c
@@ -1557,7 +1557,7 @@ int soft_offline_page(struct page *page, int flags)
page_is_file_cache(page));
list_add(&page->lru, &pagelist);
ret = migrate_pages(&pagelist, new_page, MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL,
- 0, true);
+ 0, MIGRATE_SYNC);
if (ret) {
putback_lru_pages(&pagelist);
pr_info("soft offline: %#lx: migration failed %d, type %lx\n",
diff --git a/mm/memory_hotplug.c b/mm/memory_hotplug.c
index 2168489..6629faf 100644
--- a/mm/memory_hotplug.c
+++ b/mm/memory_hotplug.c
@@ -809,7 +809,7 @@ do_migrate_range(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
}
/* this function returns # of failed pages */
ret = migrate_pages(&source, hotremove_migrate_alloc, 0,
- true, true);
+ true, MIGRATE_SYNC);
if (ret)
putback_lru_pages(&source);
}
diff --git a/mm/mempolicy.c b/mm/mempolicy.c
index adc3954..97009a4 100644
--- a/mm/mempolicy.c
+++ b/mm/mempolicy.c
@@ -933,7 +933,7 @@ static int migrate_to_node(struct mm_struct *mm, int source, int dest,
if (!list_empty(&pagelist)) {
err = migrate_pages(&pagelist, new_node_page, dest,
- false, true);
+ false, MIGRATE_SYNC);
if (err)
putback_lru_pages(&pagelist);
}
diff --git a/mm/migrate.c b/mm/migrate.c
index 65c12d2..180d97f 100644
--- a/mm/migrate.c
+++ b/mm/migrate.c
@@ -222,12 +222,13 @@ out:
#ifdef CONFIG_BLOCK
/* Returns true if all buffers are successfully locked */
-static bool buffer_migrate_lock_buffers(struct buffer_head *head, bool sync)
+static bool buffer_migrate_lock_buffers(struct buffer_head *head,
+ enum migrate_mode mode)
{
struct buffer_head *bh = head;
/* Simple case, sync compaction */
- if (sync) {
+ if (mode != MIGRATE_ASYNC) {
do {
get_bh(bh);
lock_buffer(bh);
@@ -263,7 +264,7 @@ static bool buffer_migrate_lock_buffers(struct buffer_head *head, bool sync)
}
#else
static inline bool buffer_migrate_lock_buffers(struct buffer_head *head,
- bool sync)
+ enum migrate_mode mode)
{
return true;
}
@@ -279,7 +280,7 @@ static inline bool buffer_migrate_lock_buffers(struct buffer_head *head,
*/
static int migrate_page_move_mapping(struct address_space *mapping,
struct page *newpage, struct page *page,
- struct buffer_head *head, bool sync)
+ struct buffer_head *head, enum migrate_mode mode)
{
int expected_count;
void **pslot;
@@ -315,7 +316,8 @@ static int migrate_page_move_mapping(struct address_space *mapping,
* the mapping back due to an elevated page count, we would have to
* block waiting on other references to be dropped.
*/
- if (!sync && head && !buffer_migrate_lock_buffers(head, sync)) {
+ if (mode == MIGRATE_ASYNC && head &&
+ !buffer_migrate_lock_buffers(head, mode)) {
page_unfreeze_refs(page, expected_count);
spin_unlock_irq(&mapping->tree_lock);
return -EAGAIN;
@@ -478,13 +480,14 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(fail_migrate_page);
* Pages are locked upon entry and exit.
*/
int migrate_page(struct address_space *mapping,
- struct page *newpage, struct page *page, bool sync)
+ struct page *newpage, struct page *page,
+ enum migrate_mode mode)
{
int rc;
BUG_ON(PageWriteback(page)); /* Writeback must be complete */
- rc = migrate_page_move_mapping(mapping, newpage, page, NULL, sync);
+ rc = migrate_page_move_mapping(mapping, newpage, page, NULL, mode);
if (rc)
return rc;
@@ -501,17 +504,17 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(migrate_page);
* exist.
*/
int buffer_migrate_page(struct address_space *mapping,
- struct page *newpage, struct page *page, bool sync)
+ struct page *newpage, struct page *page, enum migrate_mode mode)
{
struct buffer_head *bh, *head;
int rc;
if (!page_has_buffers(page))
- return migrate_page(mapping, newpage, page, sync);
+ return migrate_page(mapping, newpage, page, mode);
head = page_buffers(page);
- rc = migrate_page_move_mapping(mapping, newpage, page, head, sync);
+ rc = migrate_page_move_mapping(mapping, newpage, page, head, mode);
if (rc)
return rc;
@@ -521,8 +524,8 @@ int buffer_migrate_page(struct address_space *mapping,
* with an IRQ-safe spinlock held. In the sync case, the buffers
* need to be locked now
*/
- if (sync)
- BUG_ON(!buffer_migrate_lock_buffers(head, sync));
+ if (mode != MIGRATE_ASYNC)
+ BUG_ON(!buffer_migrate_lock_buffers(head, mode));
ClearPagePrivate(page);
set_page_private(newpage, page_private(page));
@@ -599,10 +602,11 @@ static int writeout(struct address_space *mapping, struct page *page)
* Default handling if a filesystem does not provide a migration function.
*/
static int fallback_migrate_page(struct address_space *mapping,
- struct page *newpage, struct page *page, bool sync)
+ struct page *newpage, struct page *page, enum migrate_mode mode)
{
if (PageDirty(page)) {
- if (!sync)
+ /* Only writeback pages in full synchronous migration */
+ if (mode != MIGRATE_SYNC)
return -EBUSY;
return writeout(mapping, page);
}
@@ -615,7 +619,7 @@ static int fallback_migrate_page(struct address_space *mapping,
!try_to_release_page(page, GFP_KERNEL))
return -EAGAIN;
- return migrate_page(mapping, newpage, page, sync);
+ return migrate_page(mapping, newpage, page, mode);
}
/*
@@ -630,7 +634,7 @@ static int fallback_migrate_page(struct address_space *mapping,
* == 0 - success
*/
static int move_to_new_page(struct page *newpage, struct page *page,
- int remap_swapcache, bool sync)
+ int remap_swapcache, enum migrate_mode mode)
{
struct address_space *mapping;
int rc;
@@ -651,7 +655,7 @@ static int move_to_new_page(struct page *newpage, struct page *page,
mapping = page_mapping(page);
if (!mapping)
- rc = migrate_page(mapping, newpage, page, sync);
+ rc = migrate_page(mapping, newpage, page, mode);
else if (mapping->a_ops->migratepage)
/*
* Most pages have a mapping and most filesystems provide a
@@ -660,9 +664,9 @@ static int move_to_new_page(struct page *newpage, struct page *page,
* is the most common path for page migration.
*/
rc = mapping->a_ops->migratepage(mapping,
- newpage, page, sync);
+ newpage, page, mode);
else
- rc = fallback_migrate_page(mapping, newpage, page, sync);
+ rc = fallback_migrate_page(mapping, newpage, page, mode);
if (rc) {
newpage->mapping = NULL;
@@ -677,7 +681,7 @@ static int move_to_new_page(struct page *newpage, struct page *page,
}
static int __unmap_and_move(struct page *page, struct page *newpage,
- int force, bool offlining, bool sync)
+ int force, bool offlining, enum migrate_mode mode)
{
int rc = -EAGAIN;
int remap_swapcache = 1;
@@ -686,7 +690,7 @@ static int __unmap_and_move(struct page *page, struct page *newpage,
struct anon_vma *anon_vma = NULL;
if (!trylock_page(page)) {
- if (!force || !sync)
+ if (!force || mode == MIGRATE_ASYNC)
goto out;
/*
@@ -732,10 +736,12 @@ static int __unmap_and_move(struct page *page, struct page *newpage,
if (PageWriteback(page)) {
/*
- * For !sync, there is no point retrying as the retry loop
- * is expected to be too short for PageWriteback to be cleared
+ * Only in the case of a full syncronous migration is it
+ * necessary to wait for PageWriteback. In the async case,
+ * the retry loop is too short and in the sync-light case,
+ * the overhead of stalling is too much
*/
- if (!sync) {
+ if (mode != MIGRATE_SYNC) {
rc = -EBUSY;
goto uncharge;
}
@@ -806,7 +812,7 @@ static int __unmap_and_move(struct page *page, struct page *newpage,
skip_unmap:
if (!page_mapped(page))
- rc = move_to_new_page(newpage, page, remap_swapcache, sync);
+ rc = move_to_new_page(newpage, page, remap_swapcache, mode);
if (rc && remap_swapcache)
remove_migration_ptes(page, page);
@@ -829,7 +835,8 @@ out:
* to the newly allocated page in newpage.
*/
static int unmap_and_move(new_page_t get_new_page, unsigned long private,
- struct page *page, int force, bool offlining, bool sync)
+ struct page *page, int force, bool offlining,
+ enum migrate_mode mode)
{
int rc = 0;
int *result = NULL;
@@ -847,7 +854,7 @@ static int unmap_and_move(new_page_t get_new_page, unsigned long private,
if (unlikely(split_huge_page(page)))
goto out;
- rc = __unmap_and_move(page, newpage, force, offlining, sync);
+ rc = __unmap_and_move(page, newpage, force, offlining, mode);
out:
if (rc != -EAGAIN) {
/*
@@ -895,7 +902,8 @@ out:
*/
static int unmap_and_move_huge_page(new_page_t get_new_page,
unsigned long private, struct page *hpage,
- int force, bool offlining, bool sync)
+ int force, bool offlining,
+ enum migrate_mode mode)
{
int rc = 0;
int *result = NULL;
@@ -908,7 +916,7 @@ static int unmap_and_move_huge_page(new_page_t get_new_page,
rc = -EAGAIN;
if (!trylock_page(hpage)) {
- if (!force || !sync)
+ if (!force || mode != MIGRATE_SYNC)
goto out;
lock_page(hpage);
}
@@ -919,7 +927,7 @@ static int unmap_and_move_huge_page(new_page_t get_new_page,
try_to_unmap(hpage, TTU_MIGRATION|TTU_IGNORE_MLOCK|TTU_IGNORE_ACCESS);
if (!page_mapped(hpage))
- rc = move_to_new_page(new_hpage, hpage, 1, sync);
+ rc = move_to_new_page(new_hpage, hpage, 1, mode);
if (rc)
remove_migration_ptes(hpage, hpage);
@@ -962,7 +970,7 @@ out:
*/
int migrate_pages(struct list_head *from,
new_page_t get_new_page, unsigned long private, bool offlining,
- bool sync)
+ enum migrate_mode mode)
{
int retry = 1;
int nr_failed = 0;
@@ -983,7 +991,7 @@ int migrate_pages(struct list_head *from,
rc = unmap_and_move(get_new_page, private,
page, pass > 2, offlining,
- sync);
+ mode);
switch(rc) {
case -ENOMEM:
@@ -1013,7 +1021,7 @@ out:
int migrate_huge_pages(struct list_head *from,
new_page_t get_new_page, unsigned long private, bool offlining,
- bool sync)
+ enum migrate_mode mode)
{
int retry = 1;
int nr_failed = 0;
@@ -1030,7 +1038,7 @@ int migrate_huge_pages(struct list_head *from,
rc = unmap_and_move_huge_page(get_new_page,
private, page, pass > 2, offlining,
- sync);
+ mode);
switch(rc) {
case -ENOMEM:
@@ -1159,7 +1167,7 @@ set_status:
err = 0;
if (!list_empty(&pagelist)) {
err = migrate_pages(&pagelist, new_page_node,
- (unsigned long)pm, 0, true);
+ (unsigned long)pm, 0, MIGRATE_SYNC);
if (err)
putback_lru_pages(&pagelist);
}
--
1.7.3.4
--
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