Changelog ========= RFC->v1: - Rebased onto Peter Xu's patches for disabling huge PMD sharing for certain userfaultfd-registered areas. - Added commits which update documentation, and add a self test which exercises the new feature. - Fixed reporting CONTINUE as a supported ioctl even for non-MINOR ranges. Overview ======== This series adds a new userfaultfd registration mode, UFFDIO_REGISTER_MODE_MINOR. This allows userspace to intercept "minor" faults. By "minor" fault, I mean the following situation: Let there exist two mappings (i.e., VMAs) to the same page(s) (shared memory). One of the mappings is registered with userfaultfd (in minor mode), and the other is not. Via the non-UFFD mapping, the underlying pages have already been allocated & filled with some contents. The UFFD mapping has not yet been faulted in; when it is touched for the first time, this results in what I'm calling a "minor" fault. As a concrete example, when working with hugetlbfs, we have huge_pte_none(), but find_lock_page() finds an existing page. We also add a new ioctl to resolve such faults: UFFDIO_CONTINUE. The idea is, userspace resolves the fault by either a) doing nothing if the contents are already correct, or b) updating the underlying contents using the second, non-UFFD mapping (via memcpy/memset or similar, or something fancier like RDMA, or etc...). In either case, userspace issues UFFDIO_CONTINUE to tell the kernel "I have ensured the page contents are correct, carry on setting up the mapping". Use Case ======== Consider the use case of VM live migration (e.g. under QEMU/KVM): 1. While a VM is still running, we copy the contents of its memory to a target machine. The pages are populated on the target by writing to the non-UFFD mapping, using the setup described above. The VM is still running (and therefore its memory is likely changing), so this may be repeated several times, until we decide the target is "up to date enough". 2. We pause the VM on the source, and start executing on the target machine. During this gap, the VM's user(s) will *see* a pause, so it is desirable to minimize this window. 3. Between the last time any page was copied from the source to the target, and when the VM was paused, the contents of that page may have changed - and therefore the copy we have on the target machine is out of date. Although we can keep track of which pages are out of date, for VMs with large amounts of memory, it is "slow" to transfer this information to the target machine. We want to resume execution before such a transfer would complete. 4. So, the guest begins executing on the target machine. The first time it touches its memory (via the UFFD-registered mapping), userspace wants to intercept this fault. Userspace checks whether or not the page is up to date, and if not, copies the updated page from the source machine, via the non-UFFD mapping. Finally, whether a copy was performed or not, userspace issues a UFFDIO_CONTINUE ioctl to tell the kernel "I have ensured the page contents are correct, carry on setting up the mapping". We don't have to do all of the final updates on-demand. The userfaultfd manager can, in the background, also copy over updated pages once it receives the map of which pages are up-to-date or not. Interaction with Existing APIs ============================== Because it's possible to combine registration modes (e.g. a single VMA can be userfaultfd-registered MINOR | MISSING), and because it's up to userspace how to resolve faults once they are received, I spent some time thinking through how the existing API interacts with the new feature. UFFDIO_CONTINUE cannot be used to resolve non-minor faults, as it does not allocate a new page. If UFFDIO_CONTINUE is used on a non-minor fault: - For non-shared memory or shmem, -EINVAL is returned. - For hugetlb, -EFAULT is returned. UFFDIO_COPY and UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE cannot be used to resolve minor faults. Without modifications, the existing codepath assumes a new page needs to be allocated. This is okay, since userspace must have a second non-UFFD-registered mapping anyway, thus there isn't much reason to want to use these in any case (just memcpy or memset or similar). - If UFFDIO_COPY is used on a minor fault, -EEXIST is returned. - If UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE is used on a minor fault, -EEXIST is returned (or -EINVAL in the case of hugetlb, as UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE is unsupported in any case). - UFFDIO_WRITEPROTECT simply doesn't work with shared memory, and returns -ENOENT in that case (regardless of the kind of fault). Dependencies ============ I've included 4 commits from Peter Xu's larger series (https://lore.kernel.org/patchwork/cover/1366017/) in this series. My changes depend on his work, to disable huge PMD sharing for MINOR registered userfaultfd areas. I included the 4 commits directly because a) it lets this series just be applied and work as-is, and b) they are fairly standalone, and could potentially be merged even without the rest of the larger series Peter submitted. Thanks Peter! Also, although it doesn't affect minor fault handling, I did notice that the userfaultfd self test sometimes experienced memory corruption (https://lore.kernel.org/patchwork/cover/1356755/). For anyone testing this series, it may be useful to apply that series first to fix the selftest flakiness. That series doesn't have to be merged into mainline / maintaner branches before mine, though. Future Work =========== Currently the patchset only supports hugetlbfs. There is no reason it can't work with shmem, but I expect hugetlbfs to be much more commonly used since we're talking about backing guest memory for VMs. I plan to implement shmem support in a follow-up patch series. Axel Rasmussen (5): userfaultfd: add minor fault registration mode userfaultfd: disable huge PMD sharing for MINOR registered VMAs userfaultfd: add UFFDIO_CONTINUE ioctl userfaultfd: update documentation to describe minor fault handling userfaultfd/selftests: add test exercising minor fault handling Peter Xu (4): hugetlb: Pass vma into huge_pte_alloc() hugetlb/userfaultfd: Forbid huge pmd sharing when uffd enabled mm/hugetlb: Move flush_hugetlb_tlb_range() into hugetlb.h hugetlb/userfaultfd: Unshare all pmds for hugetlbfs when register wp Documentation/admin-guide/mm/userfaultfd.rst | 105 ++++++---- arch/arm64/mm/hugetlbpage.c | 5 +- arch/ia64/mm/hugetlbpage.c | 3 +- arch/mips/mm/hugetlbpage.c | 4 +- arch/parisc/mm/hugetlbpage.c | 2 +- arch/powerpc/mm/hugetlbpage.c | 3 +- arch/s390/mm/hugetlbpage.c | 2 +- arch/sh/mm/hugetlbpage.c | 2 +- arch/sparc/mm/hugetlbpage.c | 2 +- fs/proc/task_mmu.c | 1 + fs/userfaultfd.c | 190 ++++++++++++++++--- include/linux/hugetlb.h | 22 ++- include/linux/mm.h | 1 + include/linux/mmu_notifier.h | 1 + include/linux/userfaultfd_k.h | 29 ++- include/trace/events/mmflags.h | 1 + include/uapi/linux/userfaultfd.h | 36 +++- mm/hugetlb.c | 61 ++++-- mm/userfaultfd.c | 88 ++++++--- tools/testing/selftests/vm/userfaultfd.c | 147 +++++++++++++- 20 files changed, 570 insertions(+), 135 deletions(-) -- 2.30.0.284.gd98b1dd5eaa7-goog
