On Fri, Apr 17, 2020 at 12:32:29AM +0300, Kirill A. Shutemov wrote: > +static void cpa_restore_large_pages(struct cpa_data *cpa, > + struct list_head *pgtables) > +{ > + unsigned long start, addr, end; > + int i; > + > + start = __cpa_addr(cpa, 0); > + end = start + PAGE_SIZE * cpa->numpages; > + > + for (addr = start; addr >= start && addr < end; addr += PUD_SIZE) > + restore_large_pages(addr, pgtables); Isn't that loop slightly broken? Consider: s e |---------|---------|---------|---------| a0 a1 a2 a3 Where s,e are @start,@end resp. and a# are the consecutive values of @addr with PUD sized steps. Then, since a3 is >= @end, we'll not take that iteration and we'll not try and merge that last PUD, even though we possibly could. One fix is to truncate @start (and with that @addr) to the beginning of the PUD. Also, I'm afraid that with my proposal this loop needs to do PMD size steps. In that regard your version does make some sense. But it is indeed less efficient for small ranges. One possible fix is to pass @start,@end into the restore/reconstruct/collapse such that we can iterate the minimal set of page-tables for each level.