> > +/* > + * If the valid flag is masked off, and default_flags doesn't set valid, then > + * hmm_pte_need_fault() always returns 0. > + */ > +static bool hmm_can_fault(struct hmm_range *range) > +{ > + return ((range->flags[HMM_PFN_VALID] & range->pfn_flags_mask) | > + range->default_flags) & > + range->flags[HMM_PFN_VALID]; > +} So my idea behind the helper was to turn this into something readable :) E.g. /* * We only need to fault if either the default mask requires to fault all * pages, or at least the mask allows for individual pages to be faulted. */ static bool hmm_can_fault(struct hmm_range *range) { return ((range->default_flags | range->pfn_flags_mask) & range->flags[HMM_PFN_VALID]); } In fact now that I managed to destill it down to this I'm not even sure we really even need the helper, although the comment really helps.