On (09/04/19 08:54), Michal Hocko wrote: > I am sorry, I could have been more explicit when CCing you. Oh, sorry! My bad! > Sure the ratelimit is part of the problem. But I was more interested > in the potential livelock (infinite loop) mentioned by Qian Cai. It > is not important whether we generate one or more lines of output from > the softirq context as long as the printk generates more irq processing > which might end up doing the same. Is this really possible? Hmm. I need to look at this more... wake_up_klogd() queues work only once on particular CPU: irq_work_queue(this_cpu_ptr(&wake_up_klogd_work)); bool irq_work_queue() { /* Only queue if not already pending */ if (!irq_work_claim(work)) return false; __irq_work_queue_local(work); } softirqs are processed in batches, right? The softirq batch can add XXXX lines to printk logbuf, but there will be only one PRINTK_PENDING_WAKEUP queued. Qian Cai mentioned that "net_rx_action softirqs again which are plenty due to connected via ssh etc." so the proportion still seems to be N:1 - we process N softirqs, add 1 printk irq_work. But need to think more. Interesting question. -ss