On Thu, Apr 11, 2019 at 01:32:32PM -0700, Kees Cook wrote: > > @@ -156,7 +156,8 @@ static int __testmgr_alloc_buf(char *buf[XBUFSIZE], int order) > > int i; > > > > for (i = 0; i < XBUFSIZE; i++) { > > - buf[i] = (char *)__get_free_pages(GFP_KERNEL, order); > > + buf[i] = (char *)__get_free_pages(GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_COMP, > > + order); > > Is there a reason __GFP_COMP isn't automatically included in all page > allocations? (Or rather, it seems like the exception is when things > should NOT be considered part of the same allocation, so something > like __GFP_SINGLE should exist?.) The question is not whether or not things should be considered part of the same allocation. The question is whether the allocation is of a compound page or of N consecutive pages. Now you're asking what the difference is, and it's whether you need to be able to be able to call compound_head(), compound_order(), PageTail() or use a compound_dtor. If you don't, then you can save some time at allocation & free by not specifying __GFP_COMP. I'll agree this is not documented well, and maybe most multi-page allocations do want __GFP_COMP and we should invert that bit, but __GFP_SINGLE doesn't seem like the right antonym to __GFP_COMP to me.