On Wed, Apr 10, 2019 at 10:48:26AM +0000, Jared Hu wrote: > 2. The pages that are free in cma->bitmap seem not free in Buddy system? > PageBuddy() test can also return false even if the page is in the free list in cma bitmap That's correct. They've been allocated by the CMA allocator, and are no longer available for allocation by the page allocator.