This is a port on kernel 4.13 of the work done by Peter Zijlstra to
handle page fault without holding the mm semaphore [1].
The idea is to try to handle user space page faults without holding the
mmap_sem. This should allow better concurrency for massively threaded
process since the page fault handler will not wait for other threads memory
layout change to be done, assuming that this change is done in another part
of the process's memory space. This type page fault is named speculative
page fault. If the speculative page fault fails because of a concurrency is
detected or because underlying PMD or PTE tables are not yet allocating, it
is failing its processing and a classic page fault is then tried.
The speculative page fault (SPF) has to look for the VMA matching the fault
address without holding the mmap_sem, so the VMA list is now managed using
SRCU allowing lockless walking. The only impact would be the deferred file
derefencing in the case of a file mapping, since the file pointer is
released once the SRCU cleaning is done. This patch relies on the change
done recently by Paul McKenney in SRCU which now runs a callback per CPU
instead of per SRCU structure [1].
The VMA's attributes checked during the speculative page fault processing
have to be protected against parallel changes. This is done by using a per
VMA sequence lock. This sequence lock allows the speculative page fault
handler to fast check for parallel changes in progress and to abort the
speculative page fault in that case.
Once the VMA is found, the speculative page fault handler would check for
the VMA's attributes to verify that the page fault has to be handled
correctly or not. Thus the VMA is protected through a sequence lock which
allows fast detection of concurrent VMA changes. If such a change is
detected, the speculative page fault is aborted and a *classic* page fault
is tried. VMA sequence locks are added when VMA attributes which are
checked during the page fault are modified.
When the PTE is fetched, the VMA is checked to see if it has been changed,
so once the page table is locked, the VMA is valid, so any other changes
leading to touching this PTE will need to lock the page table, so no
parallel change is possible at this time.
Compared to the Peter's initial work, this series introduces a spin_trylock
when dealing with speculative page fault. This is required to avoid dead
lock when handling a page fault while a TLB invalidate is requested by an
other CPU holding the PTE. Another change due to a lock dependency issue
with mapping->i_mmap_rwsem.
In addition some VMA field values which are used once the PTE is unlocked
at the end the page fault path are saved into the vm_fault structure to
used the values matching the VMA at the time the PTE was locked.
This series only support VMA with no vm_ops define, so huge page and mapped
file are not managed with the speculative path. In addition transparent
huge page are not supported. Once this series will be accepted upstream
I'll extend the support to mapped files, and transparent huge pages.
This series builds on top of v4.13.9-mm1 and is functional on x86 and
PowerPC.
Tests have been made using a large commercial in-memory database on a
PowerPC system with 752 CPU using RFC v5 using a previous version of this
series. The results are very encouraging since the loading of the 2TB
database was faster by 14% with the speculative page fault.
Using ebizzy test [3], which spreads a lot of threads, the result are good
when running on both a large or a small system. When using kernbench, the
result are quite similar which expected as not so much multithreaded
processes are involved. But there is no performance degradation neither
which is good.
------------------
Benchmarks results
Note these test have been made on top of 4.13.0-mm1.
Ebizzy:
-------
The test is counting the number of records per second it can manage, the
higher is the best. I run it like this 'ebizzy -mTRp'. To get consistent
result I repeated the test 100 times and measure the average result, mean
deviation, max and min.
- 16 CPUs x86 VM
Records/s 4.13.0-mm1 4.13.0-mm1-spf delta
Average 13217.90 65765.94 +397.55%
Mean deviation 690.37 2609.36 +277.97%
Max 16726 77675 +364.40%
Min 12194 616340 +405.45%
- 80 CPUs Power 8 node:
Records/s 4.13.0-mm1 4.13.0-mm1-spf delta
Average 38175.40 67635.55 77.17%
Mean deviation 600.09 2349.66 291.55%
Max 39563 74292 87.78%
Min 35846 62657 74.79%
The number of record per second is far better with the speculative page
fault.
The mean deviation is higher with the speculative page fault, may be
because sometime the fault are not handled in a speculative way leading to
more variation.
The numbers for the x86 guest are really insane for the SPF case, but I
did the test several times and this leads each time this delta. I did again
the test using the previous version of the patch and I got similar
numbers. It happens that the host running the VM is far less loaded now
leading to better results as more threads are eligible to run.
Test on Power are done on a badly balanced node where the memory is only
attached to one core.
Kernbench:
----------
This test is building a 4.12 kernel using platform default config. The
build has been run 5 times each time.
- 16 CPUs x86 VM
Average Half load -j 8 Run (std deviation)
4.13.0-mm1 4.13.0-mm1-spf delta %
Elapsed Time 145.968 (0.402206) 145.654 (0.533601) -0.22
User Time 1006.58 (2.74729) 1003.7 (4.11294) -0.29
System Time 108.464 (0.177567) 111.034 (0.718213) +2.37
Percent CPU 763.4 (1.34164) 764.8 (1.30384) +0.18
Context Switches 46599.6 (412.013) 63771 (1049.95) +36.85
Sleeps 85313.2 (514.456) 85532.2 (681.199) -0.26
Average Optimal load -j 16 Run (std deviation)
4.13.0-mm1 4.13.0-mm1-spf delta %
Elapsed Time 74.292 (0.75998) 74.484 (0.723035) +0.26
User Time 959.949 (49.2036) 956.057 (50.2993) -0.41
System Time 100.203 (8.7119) 101.984 (9.56099) +1.78
Percent CPU 1058 (310.661) 1054.3 (305.263) -0.35
Context Switches 65713.8 (20161.7) 86619.4 (24095.4) +31.81
Sleeps 90344.9 (5364.74) 90877.4 (5655.87) -0.59
The elapsed time are similar, but the impact less important since there are
less multithreaded processes involved here.
- 80 CPUs Power 8 node:
Average Half load -j 40 Run (std deviation)
4.13.0-mm1 4.13.0-mm1-spf delta %
Elapsed Time 115.342 (0.321668) 115.786 (0.427118) +0.38
User Time 4355.08 (10.1778) 4371.77 (14.9715) +0.38
System Time 127.612 (0.882083) 130.048 (1.06258) +1.91
Percent CPU 3885.8 (11.606) 3887.4 (8.04984) +0.04
Context Switches 80907.8 (657.481) 81936.4 (729.538) +1.27
Sleeps 162109 (793.331) 162057 (1414.08) +0.03
Average Optimal load -j 80 Run (std deviation)
4.13.0-mm1 4.13.0-mm1-spf
Elapsed Time 110.308 (0.725445) 109.78 (0.826862) -0.48
User Time 5893.12 (1621.33) 5923.19 (1635.48) +0.51
System Time 162.168 (36.4347) 166.533 (38.4695) +2.69
Percent CPU 5400.2 (1596.89) 5440.4 (1637.71) +0.74
Context Switches 129372 (51088.2) 144529 (65985.5) +11.72
Sleeps 157312 (5113.57) 158696 (4301.48) -0.87
Here the elapsed time are similar the SPF release, but we remain in the error
margin. It has to be noted that this system is not correctly balanced on
the NUMA point of view as all the available memory is attached to one core.
------------------------
Changes since v2:
- Perf event is renamed in PERF_COUNT_SW_SPF
- On Power handle do_page_fault()'s cleaning
- On Power if the VM_FAULT_ERROR is returned by
handle_speculative_fault(), do not retry but jump to the error path
- If VMA's flags are not matching the fault, directly returns
VM_FAULT_SIGSEGV and not VM_FAULT_RETRY
- Check for pud_trans_huge() to avoid speculative path
- Handles _vm_normal_page()'s introduced by 6f16211df3bf
("mm/device-public-memory: device memory cache coherent with CPU")
- add and review few comments in the code
Changes since v1:
- Remove PERF_COUNT_SW_SPF_FAILED perf event.
- Add tracing events to details speculative page fault failures.
- Cache VMA fields values which are used once the PTE is unlocked at the
end of the page fault events.
- Ensure that fields read during the speculative path are written and read
using WRITE_ONCE and READ_ONCE.
- Add checks at the beginning of the speculative path to abort it if the
VMA is known to not be supported.
Changes since RFC V5 [5]
- Port to 4.13 kernel
- Merging patch fixing lock dependency into the original patch
- Replace the 2 parameters of vma_has_changed() with the vmf pointer
- In patch 7, don't call __do_fault() in the speculative path as it may
want to unlock the mmap_sem.
- In patch 11-12, don't check for vma boundaries when
page_add_new_anon_rmap() is called during the spf path and protect against
anon_vma pointer's update.
- In patch 13-16, add performance events to report number of successful
and failed speculative events.
[1] http://linux-kernel.2935.n7.nabble.com/RFC-PATCH-0-6-Another-go-at-speculative-page-faults-tt965642.html#none
[2] https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=da915ad5cf25b5f5d358dd3670c3378d8ae8c03e
[3] http://ebizzy.sourceforge.net/
[4] http://ck.kolivas.org/apps/kernbench/kernbench-0.50/
[5] https://lwn.net/Articles/725607/
Laurent Dufour (14):
mm: Introduce pte_spinlock for FAULT_FLAG_SPECULATIVE
mm: Protect VMA modifications using VMA sequence count
mm: Cache some VMA fields in the vm_fault structure
mm: Protect SPF handler against anon_vma changes
mm/migrate: Pass vm_fault pointer to migrate_misplaced_page()
mm: Introduce __lru_cache_add_active_or_unevictable
mm: Introduce __maybe_mkwrite()
mm: Introduce __vm_normal_page()
mm: Introduce __page_add_new_anon_rmap()
mm: Try spin lock in speculative path
mm: Adding speculative page fault failure trace events
perf: Add a speculative page fault sw event
perf tools: Add support for the SPF perf event
powerpc/mm: Add speculative page fault
Peter Zijlstra (6):
mm: Dont assume page-table invariance during faults
mm: Prepare for FAULT_FLAG_SPECULATIVE
mm: VMA sequence count
mm: RCU free VMAs
mm: Provide speculative fault infrastructure
x86/mm: Add speculative pagefault handling
arch/powerpc/include/asm/book3s/64/pgtable.h | 5 +
arch/powerpc/mm/fault.c | 15 +
arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable_types.h | 7 +
arch/x86/mm/fault.c | 19 ++
fs/proc/task_mmu.c | 5 +-
fs/userfaultfd.c | 17 +-
include/linux/hugetlb_inline.h | 2 +-
include/linux/migrate.h | 4 +-
include/linux/mm.h | 28 +-
include/linux/mm_types.h | 3 +
include/linux/pagemap.h | 4 +-
include/linux/rmap.h | 12 +-
include/linux/swap.h | 11 +-
include/trace/events/pagefault.h | 87 +++++
include/uapi/linux/perf_event.h | 1 +
kernel/fork.c | 1 +
mm/hugetlb.c | 2 +
mm/init-mm.c | 1 +
mm/internal.h | 19 ++
mm/khugepaged.c | 5 +
mm/madvise.c | 6 +-
mm/memory.c | 478 ++++++++++++++++++++++-----
mm/mempolicy.c | 51 ++-
mm/migrate.c | 4 +-
mm/mlock.c | 13 +-
mm/mmap.c | 138 ++++++--
mm/mprotect.c | 4 +-
mm/mremap.c | 7 +
mm/rmap.c | 5 +-
mm/swap.c | 12 +-
tools/include/uapi/linux/perf_event.h | 1 +
tools/perf/util/evsel.c | 1 +
tools/perf/util/parse-events.c | 4 +
tools/perf/util/parse-events.l | 1 +
tools/perf/util/python.c | 1 +
35 files changed, 796 insertions(+), 178 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 include/trace/events/pagefault.h
--
2.7.4
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