On Mon 06-06-16 15:48:33, Johannes Weiner wrote:
> Currently, scan pressure between the anon and file LRU lists is
> balanced based on a mixture of reclaim efficiency and a somewhat vague
> notion of "value" of having certain pages in memory over others. That
> concept of value is problematic, because it has caused us to count any
> event that remotely makes one LRU list more or less preferrable for
> reclaim, even when these events are not directly comparable to each
> other and impose very different costs on the system - such as a
> referenced file page that we still deactivate and a referenced
> anonymous page that we actually rotate back to the head of the list.
>
> There is also conceptual overlap with the LRU algorithm itself. By
> rotating recently used pages instead of reclaiming them, the algorithm
> already biases the applied scan pressure based on page value. Thus,
> when rebalancing scan pressure due to rotations, we should think of
> reclaim cost, and leave assessing the page value to the LRU algorithm.
>
> Lastly, considering both value-increasing as well as value-decreasing
> events can sometimes cause the same type of event to be counted twice,
> i.e. how rotating a page increases the LRU value, while reclaiming it
> succesfully decreases the value. In itself this will balance out fine,
> but it quietly skews the impact of events that are only recorded once.
>
> The abstract metric of "value", the murky relationship with the LRU
> algorithm, and accounting both negative and positive events make the
> current pressure balancing model hard to reason about and modify.
>
> In preparation for thrashing-based LRU balancing, this patch switches
> to a balancing model of accounting the concrete, actually observed
> cost of reclaiming one LRU over another. For now, that cost includes
> pages that are scanned but rotated back to the list head.
This makes a lot of sense to me
> Subsequent
> patches will add consideration for IO caused by refaulting recently
> evicted pages. The idea is to primarily scan the LRU that thrashes the
> least, and secondarily scan the LRU that needs the least amount of
> work to free memory.
>
> Rename struct zone_reclaim_stat to struct lru_cost, and move from two
> separate value ratios for the LRU lists to a relative LRU cost metric
> with a shared denominator.
I just do not like the too generic `number'. I guess cost or price would
fit better and look better in the code as well. Up you though...
> Then make everything that affects the cost go through a new
> lru_note_cost() function.
Just curious, have you tried to measure just the effect of this change
without the rest of the series? I do not expect it would show large
differences because we are not doing SCAN_FRACT most of the time...
> Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@xxxxxxxxxxx>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@xxxxxxxx>
Thanks!
> ---
> include/linux/mmzone.h | 23 +++++++++++------------
> include/linux/swap.h | 2 ++
> mm/swap.c | 15 +++++----------
> mm/vmscan.c | 35 +++++++++++++++--------------------
> 4 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/include/linux/mmzone.h b/include/linux/mmzone.h
> index 02069c23486d..4d257d00fbf5 100644
> --- a/include/linux/mmzone.h
> +++ b/include/linux/mmzone.h
> @@ -191,22 +191,21 @@ static inline int is_active_lru(enum lru_list lru)
> return (lru == LRU_ACTIVE_ANON || lru == LRU_ACTIVE_FILE);
> }
>
> -struct zone_reclaim_stat {
> - /*
> - * The pageout code in vmscan.c keeps track of how many of the
> - * mem/swap backed and file backed pages are referenced.
> - * The higher the rotated/scanned ratio, the more valuable
> - * that cache is.
> - *
> - * The anon LRU stats live in [0], file LRU stats in [1]
> - */
> - unsigned long recent_rotated[2];
> - unsigned long recent_scanned[2];
> +/*
> + * This tracks cost of reclaiming one LRU type - file or anon - over
> + * the other. As the observed cost of pressure on one type increases,
> + * the scan balance in vmscan.c tips toward the other type.
> + *
> + * The recorded cost for anon is in numer[0], file in numer[1].
> + */
> +struct lru_cost {
> + unsigned long numer[2];
> + unsigned long denom;
> };
>
> struct lruvec {
> struct list_head lists[NR_LRU_LISTS];
> - struct zone_reclaim_stat reclaim_stat;
> + struct lru_cost balance;
> /* Evictions & activations on the inactive file list */
> atomic_long_t inactive_age;
> #ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG
> diff --git a/include/linux/swap.h b/include/linux/swap.h
> index 178f084365c2..c461ce0533da 100644
> --- a/include/linux/swap.h
> +++ b/include/linux/swap.h
> @@ -295,6 +295,8 @@ extern unsigned long nr_free_pagecache_pages(void);
>
>
> /* linux/mm/swap.c */
> +extern void lru_note_cost(struct lruvec *lruvec, bool file,
> + unsigned int nr_pages);
> extern void lru_cache_add(struct page *);
> extern void lru_cache_putback(struct page *page);
> extern void lru_add_page_tail(struct page *page, struct page *page_tail,
> diff --git a/mm/swap.c b/mm/swap.c
> index 814e3a2e54b4..645d21242324 100644
> --- a/mm/swap.c
> +++ b/mm/swap.c
> @@ -249,15 +249,10 @@ void rotate_reclaimable_page(struct page *page)
> }
> }
>
> -static void update_page_reclaim_stat(struct lruvec *lruvec,
> - int file, int rotated,
> - unsigned int nr_pages)
> +void lru_note_cost(struct lruvec *lruvec, bool file, unsigned int nr_pages)
> {
> - struct zone_reclaim_stat *reclaim_stat = &lruvec->reclaim_stat;
> -
> - reclaim_stat->recent_scanned[file] += nr_pages;
> - if (rotated)
> - reclaim_stat->recent_rotated[file] += nr_pages;
> + lruvec->balance.numer[file] += nr_pages;
> + lruvec->balance.denom += nr_pages;
> }
>
> static void __activate_page(struct page *page, struct lruvec *lruvec,
> @@ -543,7 +538,7 @@ static void lru_deactivate_file_fn(struct page *page, struct lruvec *lruvec,
>
> if (active)
> __count_vm_event(PGDEACTIVATE);
> - update_page_reclaim_stat(lruvec, file, 0, hpage_nr_pages(page));
> + lru_note_cost(lruvec, !file, hpage_nr_pages(page));
> }
>
>
> @@ -560,7 +555,7 @@ static void lru_deactivate_fn(struct page *page, struct lruvec *lruvec,
> add_page_to_lru_list(page, lruvec, lru);
>
> __count_vm_event(PGDEACTIVATE);
> - update_page_reclaim_stat(lruvec, file, 0, hpage_nr_pages(page));
> + lru_note_cost(lruvec, !file, hpage_nr_pages(page));
> }
> }
>
> diff --git a/mm/vmscan.c b/mm/vmscan.c
> index 8503713bb60e..06e381e1004c 100644
> --- a/mm/vmscan.c
> +++ b/mm/vmscan.c
> @@ -1492,7 +1492,6 @@ static int too_many_isolated(struct zone *zone, int file,
> static noinline_for_stack void
> putback_inactive_pages(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct list_head *page_list)
> {
> - struct zone_reclaim_stat *reclaim_stat = &lruvec->reclaim_stat;
> struct zone *zone = lruvec_zone(lruvec);
> LIST_HEAD(pages_to_free);
>
> @@ -1521,8 +1520,13 @@ putback_inactive_pages(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct list_head *page_list)
> if (is_active_lru(lru)) {
> int file = is_file_lru(lru);
> int numpages = hpage_nr_pages(page);
> - reclaim_stat->recent_rotated[file] += numpages;
> + /*
> + * Rotating pages costs CPU without actually
> + * progressing toward the reclaim goal.
> + */
> + lru_note_cost(lruvec, file, numpages);
> }
> +
> if (put_page_testzero(page)) {
> __ClearPageLRU(page);
> __ClearPageActive(page);
> @@ -1577,7 +1581,6 @@ shrink_inactive_list(unsigned long nr_to_scan, struct lruvec *lruvec,
> isolate_mode_t isolate_mode = 0;
> int file = is_file_lru(lru);
> struct zone *zone = lruvec_zone(lruvec);
> - struct zone_reclaim_stat *reclaim_stat = &lruvec->reclaim_stat;
>
> while (unlikely(too_many_isolated(zone, file, sc))) {
> congestion_wait(BLK_RW_ASYNC, HZ/10);
> @@ -1601,7 +1604,6 @@ shrink_inactive_list(unsigned long nr_to_scan, struct lruvec *lruvec,
>
> update_lru_size(lruvec, lru, -nr_taken);
> __mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_ISOLATED_ANON + file, nr_taken);
> - reclaim_stat->recent_scanned[file] += nr_taken;
>
> if (global_reclaim(sc)) {
> __mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_PAGES_SCANNED, nr_scanned);
> @@ -1773,7 +1775,6 @@ static void shrink_active_list(unsigned long nr_to_scan,
> LIST_HEAD(l_active);
> LIST_HEAD(l_inactive);
> struct page *page;
> - struct zone_reclaim_stat *reclaim_stat = &lruvec->reclaim_stat;
> unsigned long nr_rotated = 0;
> isolate_mode_t isolate_mode = 0;
> int file = is_file_lru(lru);
> @@ -1793,7 +1794,6 @@ static void shrink_active_list(unsigned long nr_to_scan,
>
> update_lru_size(lruvec, lru, -nr_taken);
> __mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_ISOLATED_ANON + file, nr_taken);
> - reclaim_stat->recent_scanned[file] += nr_taken;
>
> if (global_reclaim(sc))
> __mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_PAGES_SCANNED, nr_scanned);
> @@ -1851,7 +1851,7 @@ static void shrink_active_list(unsigned long nr_to_scan,
> * helps balance scan pressure between file and anonymous pages in
> * get_scan_count.
> */
> - reclaim_stat->recent_rotated[file] += nr_rotated;
> + lru_note_cost(lruvec, file, nr_rotated);
>
> move_active_pages_to_lru(lruvec, &l_active, &l_hold, lru);
> move_active_pages_to_lru(lruvec, &l_inactive, &l_hold, lru - LRU_ACTIVE);
> @@ -1947,7 +1947,6 @@ static void get_scan_count(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
> unsigned long *lru_pages)
> {
> int swappiness = mem_cgroup_swappiness(memcg);
> - struct zone_reclaim_stat *reclaim_stat = &lruvec->reclaim_stat;
> u64 fraction[2];
> u64 denominator = 0; /* gcc */
> struct zone *zone = lruvec_zone(lruvec);
> @@ -2072,14 +2071,10 @@ static void get_scan_count(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
> lruvec_lru_size(lruvec, LRU_INACTIVE_FILE);
>
> spin_lock_irq(&zone->lru_lock);
> - if (unlikely(reclaim_stat->recent_scanned[0] > anon / 4)) {
> - reclaim_stat->recent_scanned[0] /= 2;
> - reclaim_stat->recent_rotated[0] /= 2;
> - }
> -
> - if (unlikely(reclaim_stat->recent_scanned[1] > file / 4)) {
> - reclaim_stat->recent_scanned[1] /= 2;
> - reclaim_stat->recent_rotated[1] /= 2;
> + if (unlikely(lruvec->balance.denom > (anon + file) / 8)) {
> + lruvec->balance.numer[0] /= 2;
> + lruvec->balance.numer[1] /= 2;
> + lruvec->balance.denom /= 2;
> }
>
> /*
> @@ -2087,11 +2082,11 @@ static void get_scan_count(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
> * proportional to the fraction of recently scanned pages on
> * each list that were recently referenced and in active use.
> */
> - ap = anon_prio * (reclaim_stat->recent_scanned[0] + 1);
> - ap /= reclaim_stat->recent_rotated[0] + 1;
> + ap = anon_prio * (lruvec->balance.denom + 1);
> + ap /= lruvec->balance.numer[0] + 1;
>
> - fp = file_prio * (reclaim_stat->recent_scanned[1] + 1);
> - fp /= reclaim_stat->recent_rotated[1] + 1;
> + fp = file_prio * (lruvec->balance.denom + 1);
> + fp /= lruvec->balance.numer[1] + 1;
> spin_unlock_irq(&zone->lru_lock);
>
> fraction[0] = ap;
> --
> 2.8.3
--
Michal Hocko
SUSE Labs
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