Another year, another round of page allocator optimisations focusing this
time on the alloc and free fast paths. This should be of help to workloads
that are allocator-intensive from kernel space where the cost of zeroing
is not nceessraily incurred.
The series is motivated by the observation that page alloc microbenchmarks
on multiple machines regressed between 3.12.44 and 4.4. Second, there is
discussions before LSF/MM considering the possibility of adding another
page allocator which is potentially hazardous but a patch series improving
performance is better than whining.
After the series is applied, there are still hazards. In the free paths,
the debugging checking and page zone/pageblock lookups dominate but
there was not an obvious solution to that. In the alloc path, the major
contributers are dealing with zonelists, new page preperation, the fair
zone allocation and numerous statistic updates. The fair zone allocator
is removed by the per-node LRU series if that gets merged so it's nor a
major concern at the moment.
On normal userspace benchmarks, there is little impact as the zeroing cost
is significant but it's visible
aim9
4.6.0-rc2 4.6.0-rc2
vanilla cpuset-v1r20
Min page_test 864733.33 ( 0.00%) 922986.67 ( 6.74%)
Min brk_test 6212191.87 ( 0.00%) 6271866.67 ( 0.96%)
Min exec_test 1294.67 ( 0.00%) 1306.00 ( 0.88%)
Min fork_test 12644.90 ( 0.00%) 12713.33 ( 0.54%)
The overall impact on a page allocator microbenchmark for a range of orders
and number of pages allocated in a batch is
4.6.0-rc2 4.6.0-rc2
vanilla cpuset-v1r20
Min alloc-odr0-1 425.00 ( 0.00%) 348.00 ( 18.12%)
Min alloc-odr0-2 313.00 ( 0.00%) 254.00 ( 18.85%)
Min alloc-odr0-4 258.00 ( 0.00%) 213.00 ( 17.44%)
Min alloc-odr0-8 224.00 ( 0.00%) 183.00 ( 18.30%)
Min alloc-odr0-16 207.00 ( 0.00%) 171.00 ( 17.39%)
Min alloc-odr0-32 199.00 ( 0.00%) 163.00 ( 18.09%)
Min alloc-odr0-64 194.00 ( 0.00%) 159.00 ( 18.04%)
Min alloc-odr0-128 192.00 ( 0.00%) 157.00 ( 18.23%)
Min alloc-odr0-256 201.00 ( 0.00%) 166.00 ( 17.41%)
Min alloc-odr0-512 212.00 ( 0.00%) 179.00 ( 15.57%)
Min alloc-odr0-1024 219.00 ( 0.00%) 187.00 ( 14.61%)
Min alloc-odr0-2048 225.00 ( 0.00%) 193.00 ( 14.22%)
Min alloc-odr0-4096 231.00 ( 0.00%) 199.00 ( 13.85%)
Min alloc-odr0-8192 235.00 ( 0.00%) 201.00 ( 14.47%)
Min alloc-odr0-16384 235.00 ( 0.00%) 201.00 ( 14.47%)
Min alloc-odr1-1 539.00 ( 0.00%) 449.00 ( 16.70%)
Min alloc-odr1-2 399.00 ( 0.00%) 338.00 ( 15.29%)
Min alloc-odr1-4 317.00 ( 0.00%) 271.00 ( 14.51%)
Min alloc-odr1-8 276.00 ( 0.00%) 236.00 ( 14.49%)
Min alloc-odr1-16 256.00 ( 0.00%) 217.00 ( 15.23%)
Min alloc-odr1-32 247.00 ( 0.00%) 209.00 ( 15.38%)
Min alloc-odr1-64 242.00 ( 0.00%) 205.00 ( 15.29%)
Min alloc-odr1-128 240.00 ( 0.00%) 204.00 ( 15.00%)
Min alloc-odr1-256 242.00 ( 0.00%) 206.00 ( 14.88%)
Min alloc-odr1-512 243.00 ( 0.00%) 207.00 ( 14.81%)
Min alloc-odr1-1024 248.00 ( 0.00%) 212.00 ( 14.52%)
Min alloc-odr1-2048 253.00 ( 0.00%) 221.00 ( 12.65%)
Min alloc-odr1-4096 258.00 ( 0.00%) 224.00 ( 13.18%)
Min alloc-odr1-8192 262.00 ( 0.00%) 224.00 ( 14.50%)
Min alloc-odr2-1 577.00 ( 0.00%) 469.00 ( 18.72%)
Min alloc-odr2-2 435.00 ( 0.00%) 350.00 ( 19.54%)
Min alloc-odr2-4 346.00 ( 0.00%) 282.00 ( 18.50%)
Min alloc-odr2-8 299.00 ( 0.00%) 247.00 ( 17.39%)
Min alloc-odr2-16 282.00 ( 0.00%) 229.00 ( 18.79%)
Min alloc-odr2-32 269.00 ( 0.00%) 221.00 ( 17.84%)
Min alloc-odr2-64 264.00 ( 0.00%) 217.00 ( 17.80%)
Min alloc-odr2-128 263.00 ( 0.00%) 216.00 ( 17.87%)
Min alloc-odr2-256 264.00 ( 0.00%) 217.00 ( 17.80%)
Min alloc-odr2-512 268.00 ( 0.00%) 222.00 ( 17.16%)
Min alloc-odr2-1024 279.00 ( 0.00%) 233.00 ( 16.49%)
Min alloc-odr2-2048 285.00 ( 0.00%) 236.00 ( 17.19%)
Min alloc-odr2-4096 288.00 ( 0.00%) 237.00 ( 17.71%)
Min alloc-odr3-1 651.00 ( 0.00%) 511.00 ( 21.51%)
Min alloc-odr3-2 487.00 ( 0.00%) 380.00 ( 21.97%)
Min alloc-odr3-4 393.00 ( 0.00%) 305.00 ( 22.39%)
Min alloc-odr3-8 343.00 ( 0.00%) 271.00 ( 20.99%)
Min alloc-odr3-16 322.00 ( 0.00%) 252.00 ( 21.74%)
Min alloc-odr3-32 312.00 ( 0.00%) 246.00 ( 21.15%)
Min alloc-odr3-64 310.00 ( 0.00%) 245.00 ( 20.97%)
Min alloc-odr3-128 312.00 ( 0.00%) 246.00 ( 21.15%)
Min alloc-odr3-256 320.00 ( 0.00%) 252.00 ( 21.25%)
Min alloc-odr3-512 330.00 ( 0.00%) 260.00 ( 21.21%)
Min alloc-odr3-1024 334.00 ( 0.00%) 263.00 ( 21.26%)
Min alloc-odr3-2048 337.00 ( 0.00%) 268.00 ( 20.47%)
Min alloc-odr4-1 804.00 ( 0.00%) 585.00 ( 27.24%)
Min alloc-odr4-2 603.00 ( 0.00%) 438.00 ( 27.36%)
Min alloc-odr4-4 487.00 ( 0.00%) 360.00 ( 26.08%)
Min alloc-odr4-8 433.00 ( 0.00%) 322.00 ( 25.64%)
Min alloc-odr4-16 406.00 ( 0.00%) 299.00 ( 26.35%)
Min alloc-odr4-32 402.00 ( 0.00%) 297.00 ( 26.12%)
Min alloc-odr4-64 401.00 ( 0.00%) 297.00 ( 25.94%)
Min alloc-odr4-128 412.00 ( 0.00%) 307.00 ( 25.49%)
Min alloc-odr4-256 424.00 ( 0.00%) 322.00 ( 24.06%)
Min alloc-odr4-512 431.00 ( 0.00%) 330.00 ( 23.43%)
Min alloc-odr4-1024 435.00 ( 0.00%) 330.00 ( 24.14%)
Min free-odr0-1 214.00 ( 0.00%) 189.00 ( 11.68%)
Min free-odr0-2 152.00 ( 0.00%) 136.00 ( 10.53%)
Min free-odr0-4 120.00 ( 0.00%) 107.00 ( 10.83%)
Min free-odr0-8 105.00 ( 0.00%) 96.00 ( 8.57%)
Min free-odr0-16 96.00 ( 0.00%) 87.00 ( 9.38%)
Min free-odr0-32 91.00 ( 0.00%) 83.00 ( 8.79%)
Min free-odr0-64 89.00 ( 0.00%) 81.00 ( 8.99%)
Min free-odr0-128 88.00 ( 0.00%) 80.00 ( 9.09%)
Min free-odr0-256 101.00 ( 0.00%) 95.00 ( 5.94%)
Min free-odr0-512 117.00 ( 0.00%) 112.00 ( 4.27%)
Min free-odr0-1024 125.00 ( 0.00%) 118.00 ( 5.60%)
Min free-odr0-2048 131.00 ( 0.00%) 124.00 ( 5.34%)
Min free-odr0-4096 136.00 ( 0.00%) 129.00 ( 5.15%)
Min free-odr0-8192 137.00 ( 0.00%) 129.00 ( 5.84%)
Min free-odr0-16384 137.00 ( 0.00%) 129.00 ( 5.84%)
Min free-odr1-1 317.00 ( 0.00%) 290.00 ( 8.52%)
Min free-odr1-2 229.00 ( 0.00%) 209.00 ( 8.73%)
Min free-odr1-4 185.00 ( 0.00%) 166.00 ( 10.27%)
Min free-odr1-8 165.00 ( 0.00%) 149.00 ( 9.70%)
Min free-odr1-16 152.00 ( 0.00%) 138.00 ( 9.21%)
Min free-odr1-32 146.00 ( 0.00%) 132.00 ( 9.59%)
Min free-odr1-64 146.00 ( 0.00%) 131.00 ( 10.27%)
Min free-odr1-128 147.00 ( 0.00%) 137.00 ( 6.80%)
Min free-odr1-256 150.00 ( 0.00%) 140.00 ( 6.67%)
Min free-odr1-512 151.00 ( 0.00%) 142.00 ( 5.96%)
Min free-odr1-1024 157.00 ( 0.00%) 147.00 ( 6.37%)
Min free-odr1-2048 161.00 ( 0.00%) 150.00 ( 6.83%)
Min free-odr1-4096 160.00 ( 0.00%) 147.00 ( 8.12%)
Min free-odr1-8192 157.00 ( 0.00%) 145.00 ( 7.64%)
Min free-odr2-1 357.00 ( 0.00%) 311.00 ( 12.89%)
Min free-odr2-2 257.00 ( 0.00%) 222.00 ( 13.62%)
Min free-odr2-4 211.00 ( 0.00%) 185.00 ( 12.32%)
Min free-odr2-8 189.00 ( 0.00%) 161.00 ( 14.81%)
Min free-odr2-16 176.00 ( 0.00%) 150.00 ( 14.77%)
Min free-odr2-32 171.00 ( 0.00%) 145.00 ( 15.20%)
Min free-odr2-64 170.00 ( 0.00%) 149.00 ( 12.35%)
Min free-odr2-128 170.00 ( 0.00%) 152.00 ( 10.59%)
Min free-odr2-256 172.00 ( 0.00%) 155.00 ( 9.88%)
Min free-odr2-512 183.00 ( 0.00%) 162.00 ( 11.48%)
Min free-odr2-1024 188.00 ( 0.00%) 168.00 ( 10.64%)
Min free-odr2-2048 187.00 ( 0.00%) 165.00 ( 11.76%)
Min free-odr2-4096 185.00 ( 0.00%) 162.00 ( 12.43%)
Min free-odr3-1 442.00 ( 0.00%) 360.00 ( 18.55%)
Min free-odr3-2 319.00 ( 0.00%) 255.00 ( 20.06%)
Min free-odr3-4 262.00 ( 0.00%) 206.00 ( 21.37%)
Min free-odr3-8 235.00 ( 0.00%) 186.00 ( 20.85%)
Min free-odr3-16 221.00 ( 0.00%) 174.00 ( 21.27%)
Min free-odr3-32 217.00 ( 0.00%) 178.00 ( 17.97%)
Min free-odr3-64 218.00 ( 0.00%) 184.00 ( 15.60%)
Min free-odr3-128 219.00 ( 0.00%) 188.00 ( 14.16%)
Min free-odr3-256 229.00 ( 0.00%) 195.00 ( 14.85%)
Min free-odr3-512 235.00 ( 0.00%) 199.00 ( 15.32%)
Min free-odr3-1024 234.00 ( 0.00%) 199.00 ( 14.96%)
Min free-odr3-2048 234.00 ( 0.00%) 199.00 ( 14.96%)
Min free-odr4-1 595.00 ( 0.00%) 447.00 ( 24.87%)
Min free-odr4-2 436.00 ( 0.00%) 319.00 ( 26.83%)
Min free-odr4-4 366.00 ( 0.00%) 268.00 ( 26.78%)
Min free-odr4-8 330.00 ( 0.00%) 239.00 ( 27.58%)
Min free-odr4-16 312.00 ( 0.00%) 231.00 ( 25.96%)
Min free-odr4-32 309.00 ( 0.00%) 235.00 ( 23.95%)
Min free-odr4-64 305.00 ( 0.00%) 243.00 ( 20.33%)
Min free-odr4-128 315.00 ( 0.00%) 256.00 ( 18.73%)
Min free-odr4-256 324.00 ( 0.00%) 272.00 ( 16.05%)
Min free-odr4-512 328.00 ( 0.00%) 276.00 ( 15.85%)
Min free-odr4-1024 331.00 ( 0.00%) 275.00 ( 16.92%)
Min total-odr0-1 639.00 ( 0.00%) 537.00 ( 15.96%)
Min total-odr0-2 465.00 ( 0.00%) 390.00 ( 16.13%)
Min total-odr0-4 378.00 ( 0.00%) 320.00 ( 15.34%)
Min total-odr0-8 329.00 ( 0.00%) 279.00 ( 15.20%)
Min total-odr0-16 303.00 ( 0.00%) 258.00 ( 14.85%)
Min total-odr0-32 290.00 ( 0.00%) 246.00 ( 15.17%)
Min total-odr0-64 283.00 ( 0.00%) 240.00 ( 15.19%)
Min total-odr0-128 280.00 ( 0.00%) 237.00 ( 15.36%)
Min total-odr0-256 302.00 ( 0.00%) 261.00 ( 13.58%)
Min total-odr0-512 329.00 ( 0.00%) 291.00 ( 11.55%)
Min total-odr0-1024 344.00 ( 0.00%) 305.00 ( 11.34%)
Min total-odr0-2048 356.00 ( 0.00%) 317.00 ( 10.96%)
Min total-odr0-4096 367.00 ( 0.00%) 328.00 ( 10.63%)
Min total-odr0-8192 372.00 ( 0.00%) 330.00 ( 11.29%)
Min total-odr0-16384 372.00 ( 0.00%) 330.00 ( 11.29%)
Min total-odr1-1 858.00 ( 0.00%) 739.00 ( 13.87%)
Min total-odr1-2 629.00 ( 0.00%) 547.00 ( 13.04%)
Min total-odr1-4 502.00 ( 0.00%) 437.00 ( 12.95%)
Min total-odr1-8 441.00 ( 0.00%) 385.00 ( 12.70%)
Min total-odr1-16 409.00 ( 0.00%) 355.00 ( 13.20%)
Min total-odr1-32 393.00 ( 0.00%) 342.00 ( 12.98%)
Min total-odr1-64 388.00 ( 0.00%) 336.00 ( 13.40%)
Min total-odr1-128 387.00 ( 0.00%) 341.00 ( 11.89%)
Min total-odr1-256 392.00 ( 0.00%) 346.00 ( 11.73%)
Min total-odr1-512 394.00 ( 0.00%) 349.00 ( 11.42%)
Min total-odr1-1024 405.00 ( 0.00%) 359.00 ( 11.36%)
Min total-odr1-2048 414.00 ( 0.00%) 371.00 ( 10.39%)
Min total-odr1-4096 418.00 ( 0.00%) 371.00 ( 11.24%)
Min total-odr1-8192 419.00 ( 0.00%) 369.00 ( 11.93%)
Min total-odr2-1 935.00 ( 0.00%) 781.00 ( 16.47%)
Min total-odr2-2 693.00 ( 0.00%) 572.00 ( 17.46%)
Min total-odr2-4 557.00 ( 0.00%) 467.00 ( 16.16%)
Min total-odr2-8 488.00 ( 0.00%) 408.00 ( 16.39%)
Min total-odr2-16 458.00 ( 0.00%) 379.00 ( 17.25%)
Min total-odr2-32 440.00 ( 0.00%) 366.00 ( 16.82%)
Min total-odr2-64 434.00 ( 0.00%) 366.00 ( 15.67%)
Min total-odr2-128 433.00 ( 0.00%) 368.00 ( 15.01%)
Min total-odr2-256 436.00 ( 0.00%) 372.00 ( 14.68%)
Min total-odr2-512 451.00 ( 0.00%) 384.00 ( 14.86%)
Min total-odr2-1024 467.00 ( 0.00%) 401.00 ( 14.13%)
Min total-odr2-2048 472.00 ( 0.00%) 401.00 ( 15.04%)
Min total-odr2-4096 473.00 ( 0.00%) 399.00 ( 15.64%)
Min total-odr3-1 1093.00 ( 0.00%) 871.00 ( 20.31%)
Min total-odr3-2 807.00 ( 0.00%) 635.00 ( 21.31%)
Min total-odr3-4 655.00 ( 0.00%) 511.00 ( 21.98%)
Min total-odr3-8 578.00 ( 0.00%) 457.00 ( 20.93%)
Min total-odr3-16 543.00 ( 0.00%) 426.00 ( 21.55%)
Min total-odr3-32 529.00 ( 0.00%) 424.00 ( 19.85%)
Min total-odr3-64 528.00 ( 0.00%) 429.00 ( 18.75%)
Min total-odr3-128 531.00 ( 0.00%) 434.00 ( 18.27%)
Min total-odr3-256 549.00 ( 0.00%) 448.00 ( 18.40%)
Min total-odr3-512 566.00 ( 0.00%) 459.00 ( 18.90%)
Min total-odr3-1024 568.00 ( 0.00%) 462.00 ( 18.66%)
Min total-odr3-2048 571.00 ( 0.00%) 467.00 ( 18.21%)
Min total-odr4-1 1399.00 ( 0.00%) 1032.00 ( 26.23%)
Min total-odr4-2 1040.00 ( 0.00%) 757.00 ( 27.21%)
Min total-odr4-4 853.00 ( 0.00%) 628.00 ( 26.38%)
Min total-odr4-8 764.00 ( 0.00%) 561.00 ( 26.57%)
Min total-odr4-16 718.00 ( 0.00%) 530.00 ( 26.18%)
Min total-odr4-32 711.00 ( 0.00%) 532.00 ( 25.18%)
Min total-odr4-64 706.00 ( 0.00%) 541.00 ( 23.37%)
Min total-odr4-128 727.00 ( 0.00%) 563.00 ( 22.56%)
Min total-odr4-256 748.00 ( 0.00%) 594.00 ( 20.59%)
Min total-odr4-512 759.00 ( 0.00%) 606.00 ( 20.16%)
Min total-odr4-1024 766.00 ( 0.00%) 605.00 ( 21.02%)
arch/powerpc/mm/mmu_context_hash64.c | 2 +-
arch/powerpc/mm/pgtable_64.c | 6 +-
arch/sparc/mm/init_64.c | 2 +-
arch/tile/mm/homecache.c | 2 +-
drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/amdgpu_cs.c | 6 +-
drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/amdgpu_gem.c | 2 +-
drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/amdgpu_ttm.c | 2 +-
drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_gem.c | 6 +-
drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_gem_userptr.c | 4 +-
drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon_ttm.c | 2 +-
drivers/net/ethernet/amd/xgbe/xgbe-desc.c | 2 +-
drivers/net/ethernet/mellanox/mlx4/en_rx.c | 6 +-
drivers/net/ethernet/qlogic/qlge/qlge_main.c | 2 +-
drivers/net/ethernet/sfc/rx.c | 2 +-
drivers/net/ethernet/ti/netcp_core.c | 2 +-
drivers/net/virtio_net.c | 1 -
fs/9p/cache.c | 2 +-
fs/afs/cache.c | 2 +-
fs/btrfs/extent_io.c | 4 +-
fs/buffer.c | 10 +-
fs/cachefiles/rdwr.c | 6 +-
fs/ceph/addr.c | 4 +-
fs/ceph/cache.c | 2 +-
fs/cifs/cache.c | 2 +-
fs/dax.c | 2 +-
fs/ext4/file.c | 2 +-
fs/ext4/inode.c | 6 +-
fs/f2fs/checkpoint.c | 2 +-
fs/f2fs/data.c | 2 +-
fs/f2fs/file.c | 2 +-
fs/f2fs/node.c | 4 +-
fs/fscache/page.c | 2 +-
fs/fuse/dev.c | 2 +-
fs/gfs2/aops.c | 2 +-
fs/hugetlbfs/inode.c | 2 +-
fs/nfs/fscache-index.c | 2 +-
fs/nilfs2/btree.c | 2 +-
fs/nilfs2/page.c | 8 +-
fs/nilfs2/segment.c | 4 +-
fs/ubifs/file.c | 2 +-
fs/xfs/xfs_file.c | 2 +-
include/linux/compaction.h | 6 +-
include/linux/cpuset.h | 42 ++--
include/linux/gfp.h | 9 +-
include/linux/mm.h | 5 +-
include/linux/mmzone.h | 34 ++-
include/linux/page-flags.h | 7 +-
include/linux/pagemap.h | 6 +-
include/linux/pagevec.h | 8 +-
include/linux/skbuff.h | 2 +-
include/linux/slab.h | 3 -
include/linux/swap.h | 2 +-
include/linux/vmstat.h | 2 -
include/trace/events/kmem.h | 11 +-
include/trace/events/mmflags.h | 1 -
kernel/cpuset.c | 14 +-
kernel/power/snapshot.c | 4 +-
mm/compaction.c | 12 +-
mm/filemap.c | 6 +-
mm/internal.h | 4 +-
mm/mempolicy.c | 19 +-
mm/mlock.c | 4 +-
mm/mmzone.c | 2 +-
mm/page-writeback.c | 2 +-
mm/page_alloc.c | 327 ++++++++++++++++-----------
mm/percpu-vm.c | 2 +-
mm/rmap.c | 2 +-
mm/shmem.c | 6 +-
mm/swap.c | 11 +-
mm/swap_state.c | 2 +-
mm/truncate.c | 6 +-
mm/vmscan.c | 6 +-
mm/vmstat.c | 25 --
net/core/skbuff.c | 4 +-
tools/perf/builtin-kmem.c | 1 -
75 files changed, 388 insertions(+), 338 deletions(-)
--
2.6.4
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