Hello Marvin Lin, The patch 70721089985c: "media: nuvoton: Add driver for NPCM video capture and encoding engine" from Sep 22, 2023 (linux-next), leads to the following Smatch static checker warning: drivers/media/platform/nuvoton/npcm-video.c:1004 npcm_video_raw() warn: sleeping in atomic context drivers/media/platform/nuvoton/npcm-video.c 998 static unsigned int npcm_video_raw(struct npcm_video *video, int index, void *addr) 999 { 1000 unsigned int width = video->active_timings.width; 1001 unsigned int height = video->active_timings.height; 1002 unsigned int i, len, offset, bytes = 0; 1003 --> 1004 video->rect[index] = npcm_video_add_rect(video, index, 0, 0, width, height); ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ This function does a sleeping allocation (GFP_KERNEL). However npcm_video_irq() is holding spin_lock(&video->lock); so this is a sleeping in atomic bug. 1005 1006 for (i = 0; i < height; i++) { 1007 len = width * video->bytesperpixel; 1008 offset = i * video->bytesperline; 1009 1010 memcpy(addr + bytes, video->src.virt + offset, len); 1011 bytes += len; 1012 } 1013 1014 return bytes; 1015 } regards, dan carpenter