tmpfile.3 contains the following text: NOTES POSIX.1-2001 specifies: an error message may be written to stdout if the stream cannot be opened. I can find no such text in POSIX.1-2001 (looking at https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007904975/functions/tmpfile.html) and such an allowance would contradict ISO C which makes no such allowance for it to write to stdout. I'm not sure where this came from but it should probably be removed, or changed to indicate whichever historical implementation wrongly did this if there was one. Rich