Hi Alex, On 3/14/21 5:01 PM, Alejandro Colomar wrote: > The manual pages are already inconsistent in which headers need > to be included. Right now, not all of the types used by a > function have their required header included in the SYNOPSIS. > > If we were to add the headers required by all of the types used by > functions, the SYNOPSIS would grow too much. Not only it would > grow too much, but the information there would be less precise. > > Having system_data_types(7) document each type with all the > information about required includes is much more precise, and the > info is centralized so that it's much easier to maintain. > > So let's document only the include required for the function > prototype, and also the ones required for the macros needed to > call the function. > > <sys/types.h> only defines types, not functions or constants, so > it doesn't belong to man[23] (function) pages at all. > > I ignore if some old systems had headers that required you to > include <sys/types.h> *before* them (incomplete headers), but if > so, those implementations would be broken, and those headers > should probably provide some kind of warning. I hope this is not > the case. > > Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@xxxxxxxxx> If I recall correctly, I had a conversation about this topic with the previous maintainer, who pointed out that the need to include <sys/types.h> was (then) still quite current on various implementations. But it is (by now) 20 years since POSIX.1-2001/SUSv3 dropped the requirement to include <sys/types.h> when using various APIs, so this patch seems well past due, and I have applied it (with an Acked-by from Zack). Cheers, Michael > --- > man2/accept.2 | 7 ------- > man2/bind.2 | 7 ------- > man2/connect.2 | 7 ------- > man2/fork.2 | 1 - > man2/get_robust_list.2 | 1 - > man2/getgid.2 | 1 - > man2/getgroups.2 | 1 - > man2/getpid.2 | 1 - > man2/getsid.2 | 1 - > man2/getsockopt.2 | 7 ------- > man2/gettid.2 | 1 - > man2/getuid.2 | 1 - > man2/getxattr.2 | 1 - > man2/keyctl.2 | 1 - > man2/kill.2 | 1 - > man2/listen.2 | 7 ------- > man2/listxattr.2 | 1 - > man2/llseek.2 | 1 - > man2/lseek.2 | 1 - > man2/mkdir.2 | 1 - > man2/mknod.2 | 1 - > man2/modify_ldt.2 | 2 -- > man2/mq_getsetattr.2 | 1 - > man2/msgctl.2 | 11 ++++------- > man2/msgget.2 | 11 ++++------- > man2/msgop.2 | 11 ++++------- > man2/open.2 | 1 - > man2/open_by_handle_at.2 | 1 - > man2/openat2.2 | 1 - > man2/pidfd_open.2 | 2 -- > man2/recv.2 | 1 - > man2/removexattr.2 | 1 - > man2/request_key.2 | 1 - > man2/semctl.2 | 9 +++------ > man2/semget.2 | 11 ++++------- > man2/semop.2 | 11 ++++------- > man2/send.2 | 1 - > man2/seteuid.2 | 1 - > man2/setgid.2 | 1 - > man2/setpgid.2 | 1 - > man2/setreuid.2 | 1 - > man2/setsid.2 | 1 - > man2/setuid.2 | 1 - > man2/setxattr.2 | 1 - > man2/shmctl.2 | 10 ++++------ > man2/socket.2 | 7 ------- > man2/socketpair.2 | 7 ------- > man2/statx.2 | 1 - > man2/vfork.2 | 1 - > 49 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 133 deletions(-) > > diff --git a/man2/accept.2 b/man2/accept.2 > index 0923ea97a..a5d642cc3 100644 > --- a/man2/accept.2 > +++ b/man2/accept.2 > @@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ > accept, accept4 \- accept a connection on a socket > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.BR "#include <sys/types.h>" " /* See NOTES */" > .B #include <sys/socket.h> > .PP > .BI "int accept(int " sockfd ", struct sockaddr *restrict " addr , > @@ -319,12 +318,6 @@ of file status flags and always explicitly set all required flags on > the socket returned from > .BR accept (). > .SH NOTES > -POSIX.1-2001 does not require the inclusion of > -.IR <sys/types.h> , > -and this header file is not required on Linux. > -However, some historical (BSD) implementations required this header > -file, and portable applications are probably wise to include it. > -.PP > There may not always be a connection waiting after a > .B SIGIO > is delivered or > diff --git a/man2/bind.2 b/man2/bind.2 > index 548391f1d..e4765dde0 100644 > --- a/man2/bind.2 > +++ b/man2/bind.2 > @@ -71,7 +71,6 @@ > bind \- bind a name to a socket > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.BR "#include <sys/types.h>" " /* See NOTES */" > .B #include <sys/socket.h> > .PP > .BI "int bind(int " sockfd ", const struct sockaddr *" addr , > @@ -243,12 +242,6 @@ first appeared in 4.2BSD). > .\" .B EISDIR > .\" UNIX-domain error conditions. > .SH NOTES > -POSIX.1 does not require the inclusion of > -.IR <sys/types.h> , > -and this header file is not required on Linux. > -However, some historical (BSD) implementations required this header > -file, and portable applications are probably wise to include it. > -.PP > For background on the > .I socklen_t > type, see > diff --git a/man2/connect.2 b/man2/connect.2 > index 9572676ef..013a46994 100644 > --- a/man2/connect.2 > +++ b/man2/connect.2 > @@ -69,7 +69,6 @@ > connect \- initiate a connection on a socket > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.BR "#include <sys/types.h>" " /* See NOTES */" > .B #include <sys/socket.h> > .PP > .BI "int connect(int " sockfd ", const struct sockaddr *" addr , > @@ -276,12 +275,6 @@ first appeared in 4.2BSD). > .\" It also > .\" documents many additional error conditions not described here. > .SH NOTES > -POSIX.1 does not require the inclusion of > -.IR <sys/types.h> , > -and this header file is not required on Linux. > -However, some historical (BSD) implementations required this header > -file, and portable applications are probably wise to include it. > -.PP > For background on the > .I socklen_t > type, see > diff --git a/man2/fork.2 b/man2/fork.2 > index 894a628cc..344b9f6eb 100644 > --- a/man2/fork.2 > +++ b/man2/fork.2 > @@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ > fork \- create a child process > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <unistd.h> > .PP > .B pid_t fork(void); > diff --git a/man2/get_robust_list.2 b/man2/get_robust_list.2 > index b1ae42dbd..ac73bfab0 100644 > --- a/man2/get_robust_list.2 > +++ b/man2/get_robust_list.2 > @@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ get_robust_list, set_robust_list \- get/set list of robust futexes > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > .B #include <linux/futex.h> > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <syscall.h> > .PP > .BI "long get_robust_list(int " pid ", struct robust_list_head **" head_ptr , > diff --git a/man2/getgid.2 b/man2/getgid.2 > index e0c802e36..4c2ec6163 100644 > --- a/man2/getgid.2 > +++ b/man2/getgid.2 > @@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ getgid, getegid \- get group identity > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > .B #include <unistd.h> > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .PP > .B gid_t getgid(void); > .B gid_t getegid(void); > diff --git a/man2/getgroups.2 b/man2/getgroups.2 > index ffe01fbb1..a90894b8a 100644 > --- a/man2/getgroups.2 > +++ b/man2/getgroups.2 > @@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ > getgroups, setgroups \- get/set list of supplementary group IDs > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <unistd.h> > .PP > .BI "int getgroups(int " size ", gid_t " list []); > diff --git a/man2/getpid.2 b/man2/getpid.2 > index f2bf232ca..b2574c4c3 100644 > --- a/man2/getpid.2 > +++ b/man2/getpid.2 > @@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ > getpid, getppid \- get process identification > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <unistd.h> > .PP > .B pid_t getpid(void); > diff --git a/man2/getsid.2 b/man2/getsid.2 > index 11d096a1a..805ffe0bd 100644 > --- a/man2/getsid.2 > +++ b/man2/getsid.2 > @@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ > getsid \- get session ID > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <unistd.h> > .PP > .BI "pid_t getsid(pid_t" " pid" ); > diff --git a/man2/getsockopt.2 b/man2/getsockopt.2 > index 9b2c6cc3d..8011a4b5a 100644 > --- a/man2/getsockopt.2 > +++ b/man2/getsockopt.2 > @@ -46,7 +46,6 @@ > getsockopt, setsockopt \- get and set options on sockets > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.BR "#include <sys/types.h>" " /* See NOTES */" > .B #include <sys/socket.h> > .PP > .BI "int getsockopt(int " sockfd ", int " level ", int " optname , > @@ -179,12 +178,6 @@ SVr4, 4.4BSD (these system calls first appeared in 4.2BSD). > .\" .BR SO_SNDLOWAT ", " SO_RCVLOWAT ", " SO_SNDTIMEO ", " SO_RCVTIMEO > .\" options > .SH NOTES > -POSIX.1 does not require the inclusion of > -.IR <sys/types.h> , > -and this header file is not required on Linux. > -However, some historical (BSD) implementations required this header > -file, and portable applications are probably wise to include it. > -.PP > For background on the > .I socklen_t > type, see > diff --git a/man2/gettid.2 b/man2/gettid.2 > index 60780e2b7..13313caa4 100644 > --- a/man2/gettid.2 > +++ b/man2/gettid.2 > @@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ gettid \- get thread identification > .nf > .B #define _GNU_SOURCE > .B #include <unistd.h> > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .PP > .B pid_t gettid(void); > .fi > diff --git a/man2/getuid.2 b/man2/getuid.2 > index 6c2768643..e374d21ab 100644 > --- a/man2/getuid.2 > +++ b/man2/getuid.2 > @@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ getuid, geteuid \- get user identity > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > .B #include <unistd.h> > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .PP > .B uid_t getuid(void); > .B uid_t geteuid(void); > diff --git a/man2/getxattr.2 b/man2/getxattr.2 > index d7a92f901..d63e45bd2 100644 > --- a/man2/getxattr.2 > +++ b/man2/getxattr.2 > @@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ getxattr, lgetxattr, fgetxattr \- retrieve an extended attribute value > .SH SYNOPSIS > .fam C > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <sys/xattr.h> > .PP > .BI "ssize_t getxattr(const char *" path ", const char *" name , > diff --git a/man2/keyctl.2 b/man2/keyctl.2 > index 99cb65e19..a6daafe7a 100644 > --- a/man2/keyctl.2 > +++ b/man2/keyctl.2 > @@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ > keyctl \- manipulate the kernel's key management facility > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <keyutils.h> > .PP > .BI "long keyctl(int " operation ", ...);" > diff --git a/man2/kill.2 b/man2/kill.2 > index b6fa289ab..9b27726d7 100644 > --- a/man2/kill.2 > +++ b/man2/kill.2 > @@ -46,7 +46,6 @@ > kill \- send signal to a process > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <signal.h> > .PP > .BI "int kill(pid_t " pid ", int " sig ); > diff --git a/man2/listen.2 b/man2/listen.2 > index 7c944ff4c..5e12bc756 100644 > --- a/man2/listen.2 > +++ b/man2/listen.2 > @@ -47,7 +47,6 @@ > listen \- listen for connections on a socket > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.BR "#include <sys/types.h>" " /* See NOTES */" > .B #include <sys/socket.h> > .PP > .BI "int listen(int " sockfd ", int " backlog ); > @@ -140,12 +139,6 @@ Connections are accepted with > .BR accept (2). > .RE > .PP > -POSIX.1 does not require the inclusion of > -.IR <sys/types.h> , > -and this header file is not required on Linux. > -However, some historical (BSD) implementations required this header > -file, and portable applications are probably wise to include it. > -.PP > The behavior of the > .I backlog > argument on TCP sockets changed with Linux 2.2. > diff --git a/man2/listxattr.2 b/man2/listxattr.2 > index f073c5409..03595a9e6 100644 > --- a/man2/listxattr.2 > +++ b/man2/listxattr.2 > @@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ listxattr, llistxattr, flistxattr \- list extended attribute names > .SH SYNOPSIS > .fam C > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <sys/xattr.h> > .PP > .BI "ssize_t listxattr(const char *" path ", char *" list \ > diff --git a/man2/llseek.2 b/man2/llseek.2 > index a46ce370e..81bb4e19f 100644 > --- a/man2/llseek.2 > +++ b/man2/llseek.2 > @@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ > _llseek \- reposition read/write file offset > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <unistd.h> > .PP > .BI "int _llseek(unsigned int " fd ", unsigned long " offset_high , > diff --git a/man2/lseek.2 b/man2/lseek.2 > index ad5526b66..042479833 100644 > --- a/man2/lseek.2 > +++ b/man2/lseek.2 > @@ -48,7 +48,6 @@ > lseek \- reposition read/write file offset > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <unistd.h> > .PP > .BI "off_t lseek(int " fd ", off_t " offset ", int " whence ); > diff --git a/man2/mkdir.2 b/man2/mkdir.2 > index 6934e331a..640a4783d 100644 > --- a/man2/mkdir.2 > +++ b/man2/mkdir.2 > @@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ mkdir, mkdirat \- create a directory > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > .B #include <sys/stat.h> > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .\" .B #include <unistd.h> > .PP > .BI "int mkdir(const char *" pathname ", mode_t " mode ); > diff --git a/man2/mknod.2 b/man2/mknod.2 > index fad459d8c..9ecf6611b 100644 > --- a/man2/mknod.2 > +++ b/man2/mknod.2 > @@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ > mknod, mknodat \- create a special or ordinary file > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <sys/stat.h> > .B #include <fcntl.h> > .B #include <unistd.h> > diff --git a/man2/modify_ldt.2 b/man2/modify_ldt.2 > index 7dc12be8e..c40dae62b 100644 > --- a/man2/modify_ldt.2 > +++ b/man2/modify_ldt.2 > @@ -27,8 +27,6 @@ > modify_ldt \- get or set a per-process LDT entry > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > -.PP > .BI "int modify_ldt(int " func ", void *" ptr ", unsigned long " bytecount ); > .fi > .PP > diff --git a/man2/mq_getsetattr.2 b/man2/mq_getsetattr.2 > index 409dfe11c..5036428d6 100644 > --- a/man2/mq_getsetattr.2 > +++ b/man2/mq_getsetattr.2 > @@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ > mq_getsetattr \- get/set message queue attributes > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <mqueue.h> > .PP > .BI "int mq_getsetattr(mqd_t " mqdes ", const struct mq_attr *" newattr , > diff --git a/man2/msgctl.2 b/man2/msgctl.2 > index 1e27871ad..58e8cb29e 100644 > --- a/man2/msgctl.2 > +++ b/man2/msgctl.2 > @@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ > msgctl \- System V message control operations > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <sys/ipc.h> > .B #include <sys/msg.h> > .PP > @@ -407,17 +406,15 @@ POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, SVr4. > .\" SVID does not document the EIDRM error condition. > .SH NOTES > The inclusion of > -.I <sys/types.h> > -and > .I <sys/ipc.h> > isn't required on Linux or by any version of POSIX. > However, > -some old implementations required the inclusion of these header files, > -and the SVID also documented their inclusion. > +some old implementations required the inclusion of this header file, > +and the SVID also documented its inclusion. > Applications intended to be portable to such old systems may need > -to include these header files. > +to include this header file. > .\" Like Linux, the FreeBSD man pages still document > -.\" the inclusion of these header files. > +.\" the inclusion of this header file. > .PP > The > .BR IPC_INFO , > diff --git a/man2/msgget.2 b/man2/msgget.2 > index 7326c9044..8959797eb 100644 > --- a/man2/msgget.2 > +++ b/man2/msgget.2 > @@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ > msgget \- get a System V message queue identifier > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <sys/ipc.h> > .B #include <sys/msg.h> > .PP > @@ -190,17 +189,15 @@ would be exceeded. > POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, SVr4. > .SH NOTES > The inclusion of > -.I <sys/types.h> > -and > .I <sys/ipc.h> > isn't required on Linux or by any version of POSIX. > However, > -some old implementations required the inclusion of these header files, > -and the SVID also documented their inclusion. > +some old implementations required the inclusion of this header file, > +and the SVID also documented its inclusion. > Applications intended to be portable to such old systems may need > -to include these header files. > +to include this header file. > .\" Like Linux, the FreeBSD man pages still document > -.\" the inclusion of these header files. > +.\" the inclusion of this header file. > .PP > .B IPC_PRIVATE > isn't a flag field but a > diff --git a/man2/msgop.2 b/man2/msgop.2 > index ef66eb10d..92cc94549 100644 > --- a/man2/msgop.2 > +++ b/man2/msgop.2 > @@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ > msgrcv, msgsnd \- System V message queue operations > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <sys/ipc.h> > .B #include <sys/msg.h> > .PP > @@ -482,17 +481,15 @@ their definitions can be obtained by defining the > feature test macro. > .SH NOTES > The inclusion of > -.I <sys/types.h> > -and > .I <sys/ipc.h> > isn't required on Linux or by any version of POSIX. > However, > -some old implementations required the inclusion of these header files, > -and the SVID also documented their inclusion. > +some old implementations required the inclusion of this header file, > +and the SVID also documented its inclusion. > Applications intended to be portable to such old systems may need > -to include these header files. > +to include this header file. > .\" Like Linux, the FreeBSD man pages still document > -.\" the inclusion of these header files. > +.\" the inclusion of this header file. > .PP > The > .I msgp > diff --git a/man2/open.2 b/man2/open.2 > index 267e79656..3b853d8e2 100644 > --- a/man2/open.2 > +++ b/man2/open.2 > @@ -53,7 +53,6 @@ > open, openat, creat \- open and possibly create a file > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <sys/stat.h> > .B #include <fcntl.h> > .PP > diff --git a/man2/open_by_handle_at.2 b/man2/open_by_handle_at.2 > index 09349066d..4ae0f0577 100644 > --- a/man2/open_by_handle_at.2 > +++ b/man2/open_by_handle_at.2 > @@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ for a pathname and open file via a handle > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > .BR "#define _GNU_SOURCE" " /* See feature_test_macros(7) */" > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <sys/stat.h> > .B #include <fcntl.h> > .PP > diff --git a/man2/openat2.2 b/man2/openat2.2 > index 739ac4747..ff0ff839f 100644 > --- a/man2/openat2.2 > +++ b/man2/openat2.2 > @@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ > openat2 \- open and possibly create a file (extended) > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <sys/stat.h> > .B #include <fcntl.h> > .B #include <linux/openat2.h> > diff --git a/man2/pidfd_open.2 b/man2/pidfd_open.2 > index b25b74273..5601f8005 100644 > --- a/man2/pidfd_open.2 > +++ b/man2/pidfd_open.2 > @@ -27,8 +27,6 @@ > pidfd_open \- obtain a file descriptor that refers to a process > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > -.PP > .BI "int pidfd_open(pid_t " pid ", unsigned int " flags ); > .fi > .PP > diff --git a/man2/recv.2 b/man2/recv.2 > index 3a501f9ad..e6005e8d6 100644 > --- a/man2/recv.2 > +++ b/man2/recv.2 > @@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ > recv, recvfrom, recvmsg \- receive a message from a socket > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <sys/socket.h> > .PP > .BI "ssize_t recv(int " sockfd ", void *" buf ", size_t " len ", int " flags ); > diff --git a/man2/removexattr.2 b/man2/removexattr.2 > index 6ef3349e6..175494010 100644 > --- a/man2/removexattr.2 > +++ b/man2/removexattr.2 > @@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ removexattr, lremovexattr, fremovexattr \- remove an extended attribute > .SH SYNOPSIS > .fam C > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <sys/xattr.h> > .PP > .BI "int removexattr(const char\ *" path ", const char\ *" name ); > diff --git a/man2/request_key.2 b/man2/request_key.2 > index 89bde01c3..7efa6ee46 100644 > --- a/man2/request_key.2 > +++ b/man2/request_key.2 > @@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ > request_key \- request a key from the kernel's key management facility > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <keyutils.h> > .PP > .BI "key_serial_t request_key(const char *" type ", const char *" description , > diff --git a/man2/semctl.2 b/man2/semctl.2 > index a99c6fb87..2b75341d7 100644 > --- a/man2/semctl.2 > +++ b/man2/semctl.2 > @@ -44,7 +44,6 @@ > semctl \- System V semaphore control operations > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <sys/ipc.h> > .B #include <sys/sem.h> > .PP > @@ -538,15 +537,13 @@ but, since Linux 2.4, the field has the type > .IR "unsigned\ long" . > .SH NOTES > The inclusion of > -.I <sys/types.h> > -and > .I <sys/ipc.h> > isn't required on Linux or by any version of POSIX. > However, > -some old implementations required the inclusion of these header files, > -and the SVID also documented their inclusion. > +some old implementations required the inclusion of this header file, > +and the SVID also documented its inclusion. > Applications intended to be portable to such old systems may need > -to include these header files. > +to include this header file. > .\" Like Linux, the FreeBSD man pages still document > .\" the inclusion of these header files. > .PP > diff --git a/man2/semget.2 b/man2/semget.2 > index 445ac0249..b991f822f 100644 > --- a/man2/semget.2 > +++ b/man2/semget.2 > @@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ > semget \- get a System V semaphore set identifier > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <sys/ipc.h> > .B #include <sys/sem.h> > .fi > @@ -221,17 +220,15 @@ SVr4, POSIX.1-2001. > .\" ERANGE, EFAULT. > .SH NOTES > The inclusion of > -.I <sys/types.h> > -and > .I <sys/ipc.h> > isn't required on Linux or by any version of POSIX. > However, > -some old implementations required the inclusion of these header files, > -and the SVID also documented their inclusion. > +some old implementations required the inclusion of this header file, > +and the SVID also documented its inclusion. > Applications intended to be portable to such old systems may need > -to include these header files. > +to include this header file. > .\" Like Linux, the FreeBSD man pages still document > -.\" the inclusion of these header files. > +.\" the inclusion of this header file. > .PP > .B IPC_PRIVATE > isn't a flag field but a > diff --git a/man2/semop.2 b/man2/semop.2 > index ce970b577..a0595b68a 100644 > --- a/man2/semop.2 > +++ b/man2/semop.2 > @@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ > semop, semtimedop \- System V semaphore operations > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <sys/ipc.h> > .B #include <sys/sem.h> > .PP > @@ -385,17 +384,15 @@ POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, SVr4. > .\" SVr4 documents additional error conditions EINVAL, EFBIG, ENOSPC. > .SH NOTES > The inclusion of > -.I <sys/types.h> > -and > .I <sys/ipc.h> > isn't required on Linux or by any version of POSIX. > However, > -some old implementations required the inclusion of these header files, > -and the SVID also documented their inclusion. > +some old implementations required the inclusion of this header file, > +and the SVID also documented its inclusion. > Applications intended to be portable to such old systems may need > -to include these header files. > +to include this header file. > .\" Like Linux, the FreeBSD man pages still document > -.\" the inclusion of these header files. > +.\" the inclusion of this header file. > .PP > The > .I sem_undo > diff --git a/man2/send.2 b/man2/send.2 > index 42fa5bf54..a6199922b 100644 > --- a/man2/send.2 > +++ b/man2/send.2 > @@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ > send, sendto, sendmsg \- send a message on a socket > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <sys/socket.h> > .PP > .BI "ssize_t send(int " sockfd ", const void *" buf ", size_t " len \ > diff --git a/man2/seteuid.2 b/man2/seteuid.2 > index 0bc20b268..f662c0838 100644 > --- a/man2/seteuid.2 > +++ b/man2/seteuid.2 > @@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ > seteuid, setegid \- set effective user or group ID > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <unistd.h> > .PP > .BI "int seteuid(uid_t " euid ); > diff --git a/man2/setgid.2 b/man2/setgid.2 > index 728b57398..15d2348d3 100644 > --- a/man2/setgid.2 > +++ b/man2/setgid.2 > @@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ > setgid \- set group identity > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <unistd.h> > .PP > .BI "int setgid(gid_t " gid ); > diff --git a/man2/setpgid.2 b/man2/setpgid.2 > index be17bc053..093ecd327 100644 > --- a/man2/setpgid.2 > +++ b/man2/setpgid.2 > @@ -50,7 +50,6 @@ > setpgid, getpgid, setpgrp, getpgrp \- set/get process group > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <unistd.h> > .PP > .BI "int setpgid(pid_t " pid ", pid_t " pgid ); > diff --git a/man2/setreuid.2 b/man2/setreuid.2 > index 90ca93a9a..d0f27a6ee 100644 > --- a/man2/setreuid.2 > +++ b/man2/setreuid.2 > @@ -48,7 +48,6 @@ > setreuid, setregid \- set real and/or effective user or group ID > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <unistd.h> > .PP > .BI "int setreuid(uid_t " ruid ", uid_t " euid ); > diff --git a/man2/setsid.2 b/man2/setsid.2 > index 38d5fb1fb..236a915ff 100644 > --- a/man2/setsid.2 > +++ b/man2/setsid.2 > @@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ setsid \- creates a session and sets the process group ID > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > .ad l > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <unistd.h> > .PP > .B pid_t setsid(void); > diff --git a/man2/setuid.2 b/man2/setuid.2 > index d8e461552..a7669258c 100644 > --- a/man2/setuid.2 > +++ b/man2/setuid.2 > @@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ > setuid \- set user identity > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <unistd.h> > .PP > .BI "int setuid(uid_t " uid ); > diff --git a/man2/setxattr.2 b/man2/setxattr.2 > index ebcfa4ded..dbc50e36e 100644 > --- a/man2/setxattr.2 > +++ b/man2/setxattr.2 > @@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ setxattr, lsetxattr, fsetxattr \- set an extended attribute value > .SH SYNOPSIS > .fam C > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <sys/xattr.h> > .PP > .BI "int setxattr(const char\ *" path ", const char\ *" name , > diff --git a/man2/shmctl.2 b/man2/shmctl.2 > index 0d564293a..6acc0b787 100644 > --- a/man2/shmctl.2 > +++ b/man2/shmctl.2 > @@ -467,17 +467,15 @@ POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, SVr4. > .\" an EIDRM error condition. > .SH NOTES > The inclusion of > -.I <sys/types.h> > -and > .I <sys/ipc.h> > isn't required on Linux or by any version of POSIX. > However, > -some old implementations required the inclusion of these header files, > -and the SVID also documented their inclusion. > +some old implementations required the inclusion of this header file, > +and the SVID also documented its inclusion. > Applications intended to be portable to such old systems may need > -to include these header files. > +to include this header file. > .\" Like Linux, the FreeBSD man pages still document > -.\" the inclusion of these header files. > +.\" the inclusion of this header file. > .PP > The > .BR IPC_INFO , > diff --git a/man2/socket.2 b/man2/socket.2 > index 2a22567c7..0c3523a2e 100644 > --- a/man2/socket.2 > +++ b/man2/socket.2 > @@ -44,7 +44,6 @@ > socket \- create an endpoint for communication > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.BR "#include <sys/types.h>" " /* See NOTES */" > .B #include <sys/socket.h> > .PP > .BI "int socket(int " domain ", int " type ", int " protocol ); > @@ -467,12 +466,6 @@ It is generally portable to/from > non-BSD systems supporting clones of the BSD socket layer (including > System\ V variants). > .SH NOTES > -POSIX.1 does not require the inclusion of > -.IR <sys/types.h> , > -and this header file is not required on Linux. > -However, some historical (BSD) implementations required this header > -file, and portable applications are probably wise to include it. > -.PP > The manifest constants used under 4.x BSD for protocol families > are > .BR PF_UNIX , > diff --git a/man2/socketpair.2 b/man2/socketpair.2 > index 629cf0f48..1f5c3aec2 100644 > --- a/man2/socketpair.2 > +++ b/man2/socketpair.2 > @@ -44,7 +44,6 @@ > socketpair \- create a pair of connected sockets > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.BR "#include <sys/types.h>" " /* See NOTES */" > .B #include <sys/socket.h> > .PP > .BI "int socketpair(int " domain ", int " type ", int " protocol \ > @@ -130,12 +129,6 @@ flags in the > .I type > argument, as described in > .BR socket (2). > -.PP > -POSIX.1 does not require the inclusion of > -.IR <sys/types.h> , > -and this header file is not required on Linux. > -However, some historical (BSD) implementations required this header > -file, and portable applications are probably wise to include it. > .SH SEE ALSO > .BR pipe (2), > .BR read (2), > diff --git a/man2/statx.2 b/man2/statx.2 > index aeb3d377d..8b99fb3d2 100644 > --- a/man2/statx.2 > +++ b/man2/statx.2 > @@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ > statx \- get file status (extended) > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <sys/stat.h> > .B #include <unistd.h> > .BR "#include <fcntl.h> " "/* Definition of AT_* constants */" > diff --git a/man2/vfork.2 b/man2/vfork.2 > index dbb803b66..73a8fff62 100644 > --- a/man2/vfork.2 > +++ b/man2/vfork.2 > @@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ > vfork \- create a child process and block parent > .SH SYNOPSIS > .nf > -.B #include <sys/types.h> > .B #include <unistd.h> > .PP > .B pid_t vfork(void); > -- Michael Kerrisk Linux man-pages maintainer; http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/ Linux/UNIX System Programming Training: http://man7.org/training/
