On 2/12/21 10:41 AM, Jakub Wilk wrote:
> * Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@xxxxxxxxx>, 2021-02-11, 16:49:
>>> In the APPLICATION USAGE section of expm1(3p)[1] the given example is wrong:
>>>
>>> ===8<=== Snip =========================================
>>>
>>> [..] calculations of ((1+x)n-1)/x, namely:
>>>
>>> expm1(n * log1p(x))/x
>>>
>>> ======== Snap ====================================>8===
>>>
>>> Actually, both expressions are not equal, rather
>>>
>>> expm1(n * log1p(x))/x = ((1+x)**n - 1)/x
>>>
>>> (with a fictional ** as power infix-operator) would be.
> [...]
>> We don't maintain the source of the POSIX manual pages. You could file
>> a bug to the Austin Group.
>
> As Walter noted in another mail, the POSIX sources are correct.
>
> This is a problem with conversion to the man page format, which should
> be reported here, not to the Austin Group.
Indeed, it is a problem in the conversion. Or, more precisely, the
POSIX manual pages are using \u...\d to achieve superscripting
for exponentiation, which of course does not render meaningfully
on a terminal. The issue affects 19 pages that I found. I plan
to apply the patch below, which uses the fictional '**' operator
to indicate power-of. Seem okay?
Thanks,
Michael
diff --git a/man-pages-posix-2017/man0p/complex.h.0p b/man-pages-posix-2017/man0p/complex.h.0p
index ccc21a7..da37e54 100644
--- a/man-pages-posix-2017/man0p/complex.h.0p
+++ b/man-pages-posix-2017/man0p/complex.h.0p
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Expands to a constant expression of type
.BR "const float _Complex" ,
with the value of the imaginary unit (that is, a number
.IR i
-such that \fIi\fR\s-3\u2\d\s+3=\-1).
+such that \fIi\fR**2=\-1).
.IP imaginary 12
Expands to
.BR _Imaginary .
diff --git a/man-pages-posix-2017/man0p/stdint.h.0p b/man-pages-posix-2017/man0p/stdint.h.0p
index 5acc838..3ccc8cc 100644
--- a/man-pages-posix-2017/man0p/stdint.h.0p
+++ b/man-pages-posix-2017/man0p/stdint.h.0p
@@ -38,11 +38,11 @@ its value in a pure binary system; the actual type may use more bits
than that (for example, a 28-bit type could be stored in 32 bits of
actual storage). An
.IR N -bit
-signed type has values in the range \-2\s-3\u\fIN\fR\-1\d\s+3 or
-1\-2\s-3\u\fIN\fR\-1\d\s+3 to 2\s-3\u\fIN\fR\-1\d\s+3\-1, while
+signed type has values in the range \-2**(\fIN\fR\-1) or
+1\-2**(\fIN\fR\-1) to 2**(\fIN\fR\-1)\-1, while
an
.IR N -bit
-unsigned type has values in the range 0 to 2\s-3\u\fIN\fR\d\s+3\-1.
+unsigned type has values in the range 0 to 2**\fIN\fR\-1.
.P
.P
Types are defined in the following categories:
diff --git a/man-pages-posix-2017/man0p/sys_socket.h.0p b/man-pages-posix-2017/man0p/sys_socket.h.0p
index 02b7e4b..bd6e5b4 100644
--- a/man-pages-posix-2017/man0p/sys_socket.h.0p
+++ b/man-pages-posix-2017/man0p/sys_socket.h.0p
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ may also make visible all symbols from
.IR "The following sections are informative."
.SH "APPLICATION USAGE"
To forestall portability problems, it is recommended that applications
-not use values larger than 2\u\s-331\s+3\d \-1 for the
+not use values larger than 2**31 \-1 for the
.BR socklen_t
type.
.P
diff --git a/man-pages-posix-2017/man1p/bc.1p b/man-pages-posix-2017/man1p/bc.1p
index fa8bf2e..2beda41 100644
--- a/man-pages-posix-2017/man1p/bc.1p
+++ b/man-pages-posix-2017/man1p/bc.1p
@@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ if
is less than 10. For
.BR obase
values other than 10, this should be the number of digits needed to
-represent a precision of 10\u\s-3\fIs\fP\s+3\d.
+represent a precision of 10**\fIs\fP.
.P
For
.BR obase
diff --git a/man-pages-posix-2017/man1p/cksum.1p b/man-pages-posix-2017/man1p/cksum.1p
index 73ea9b6..2bf2b05 100644
--- a/man-pages-posix-2017/man1p/cksum.1p
+++ b/man-pages-posix-2017/man1p/cksum.1p
@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ polynomial:
.RS 4
.nf
-\fIG\fR(\fIx\fR)=\fIx\fR\u\s-332\s+3\d+\fIx\fR\u\s-326\s+3\d+\fIx\fR\u\s-323\s+3\d+\fIx\fR\u\s-322\s+3\d+\fIx\fR\u\s-316\s+3\d+\fIx\fR\u\s-312\s+3\d+\fIx\fR\u\s-311\s+3\d+\fIx\fR\u\s-310\s+3\d+\fIx\fR\u\s-38\s+3\d+\fIx\fR\u\s-37\s+3\d+\fIx\fR\u\s-35\s+3\d+\fIx\fR\u\s-34\s+3\d+\fIx\fR\u\s-32\s+3\d+\fIx\fR+1
+\fIG\fR(\fIx\fR)=\fIx\fR**32+\fIx\fR**26+\fIx\fR**23+\fIx\fR**22+\fIx\fR**16+\fIx\fR**12+\fIx\fR**11+
+ \fIx\fR**10+\fIx\fR**8+\fIx\fR**7+\fIx\fR**5+\fIx\fR**4+\fIx\fR**2+\fIx\fR+1
.fi
.P
.RE
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ capable of representing this integer shall be used.
.IR M (\c
.IR x )
is multiplied by
-.IR x \u\s-332\s+3\d
+.IR x **32
(that is, shifted left 32 bits) and divided by
.IR G (\c
.IR x )
diff --git a/man-pages-posix-2017/man1p/pax.1p b/man-pages-posix-2017/man1p/pax.1p
index cd34bb2..db39781 100644
--- a/man-pages-posix-2017/man1p/pax.1p
+++ b/man-pages-posix-2017/man1p/pax.1p
@@ -3191,7 +3191,7 @@ block value of 10\|240 bytes for
.IR tar
was selected because that is the standard block-size value for BSD
.IR tar .
-The maximum block size of 32\|256 bytes (2\s-3\u15\d\s+3\-512 bytes)
+The maximum block size of 32\|256 bytes (2**15\-512 bytes)
is the largest multiple of 512 bytes that fits into a signed 16-bit
tape controller transfer register. There are known limitations in some
historical systems that would prevent larger blocks from being
diff --git a/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/cexp.3p b/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/cexp.3p
index 7d6cd7c..388f449 100644
--- a/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/cexp.3p
+++ b/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/cexp.3p
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ ISO\ C standard is unintentional. This volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017 defers to the I
.P
These functions shall compute the complex exponent of
.IR z ,
-defined as \fIe\s-3\uz\d\s+3\fR.
+defined as \fIe**z\fR.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
These functions shall return the complex exponential value of
.IR z .
diff --git a/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/cpow.3p b/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/cpow.3p
index bb53e62..e0d673d 100644
--- a/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/cpow.3p
+++ b/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/cpow.3p
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ ISO\ C standard. Any conflict between the requirements described here and the
ISO\ C standard is unintentional. This volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017 defers to the ISO\ C standard.
.P
These functions shall compute the complex power function
-\fIx\s-3\uy\d\s+3\fR, with a branch cut for the first parameter along
+\fIx**y\fR, with a branch cut for the first parameter along
the negative real axis.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
These functions shall return the complex power function value.
diff --git a/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/drand48.3p b/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/drand48.3p
index 7157971..29c58a0 100644
--- a/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/drand48.3p
+++ b/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/drand48.3p
@@ -52,14 +52,14 @@ The
and
\fInrand48\fR()
functions shall return non-negative, long integers, uniformly
-distributed over the interval [0,2\u\s-331\s+3\d).
+distributed over the interval [0,2**31).
.P
The
\fImrand48\fR()
and
\fIjrand48\fR()
functions shall return signed long integers uniformly distributed over
-the interval [\-2\u\s-331\s+3\d,2\u\s-331\s+3\d).
+the interval [\-2**31,2**31).
.P
The
\fIsrand48\fR(),
diff --git a/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/exp2.3p b/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/exp2.3p
index 23cb8bf..c49f455 100644
--- a/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/exp2.3p
+++ b/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/exp2.3p
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ is non-zero or \fIfetestexcept\fR(FE_INVALID | FE_DIVBYZERO |
FE_OVERFLOW | FE_UNDERFLOW) is non-zero, an error has occurred.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
Upon successful completion, these functions shall return
-2\fI\s-3\ux\d\s+3\fR.
+2\fI**x\fR.
.P
If the correct value would cause overflow, a range error shall occur
and
diff --git a/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/expm1.3p b/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/expm1.3p
index 8db897e..5fb15c1 100644
--- a/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/expm1.3p
+++ b/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/expm1.3p
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ The functionality described on this reference page is aligned with the
ISO\ C standard. Any conflict between the requirements described here and the
ISO\ C standard is unintentional. This volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017 defers to the ISO\ C standard.
.P
-These functions shall compute \fIe\u\s-3x\s+3\d\fR\-1.0.
+These functions shall compute \fIe**x\fR\-1.0.
.P
An application wishing to check for error situations should set
.IR errno
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ is non-zero or \fIfetestexcept\fR(FE_INVALID | FE_DIVBYZERO |
FE_OVERFLOW | FE_UNDERFLOW) is non-zero, an error has occurred.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
Upon successful completion, these functions return
-\fIe\s-3\ux\d\s+3\fR\-1.0.
+\fIe**x\fR\-1.0.
.P
If the correct value would cause overflow, a range error shall occur
and
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ The
and
\fIlog1p\fR()
functions are useful for financial calculations of
-((1+\fIx\fR)\u\s-3\fIn\fR\s+3\d\-1)/\fIx\fR, namely:
+((1+\fIx\fR)**\fIn\fR\-1)/\fIx\fR, namely:
.sp
.RS 4
.nf
diff --git a/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/hypot.3p b/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/hypot.3p
index 095a572..f099eed 100644
--- a/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/hypot.3p
+++ b/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/hypot.3p
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ ISO\ C standard. Any conflict between the requirements described here and the
ISO\ C standard is unintentional. This volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017 defers to the ISO\ C standard.
.P
These functions shall compute the value of the square root of
-.IR x \s-3\u2\d\s+3+\c
-.IR y \s-3\u2\d\s+3
+.IR x **2+\c
+.IR y **2
without undue overflow or underflow.
.P
An application wishing to check for error situations should set
diff --git a/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/initstate.3p b/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/initstate.3p
index dcb3cc0..2683bc5 100644
--- a/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/initstate.3p
+++ b/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/initstate.3p
@@ -30,13 +30,13 @@ function shall use a non-linear additive feedback random-number
generator employing a default state array size of 31
.BR long
integers to return successive pseudo-random numbers in the range from 0
-to 2\u\s-331\s+3\d\-1. The period of this random-number generator is
-approximately 16 x (2\s-3\u31\d\s+3\-\fR1). The size of the state
+to 2**31\-1. The period of this random-number generator is
+approximately 16 x (2**31\-\fR1). The size of the state
array determines the period of the random-number generator. Increasing
the state array size shall increase the period.
.P
With 256 bytes of state information, the period of the random-number
-generator shall be greater than 2\s-3\u69\d\s+3.
+generator shall be greater than 2**69.
.P
Like
\fIrand\fR(),
diff --git a/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/ldexp.3p b/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/ldexp.3p
index 86196d9..63b718a 100644
--- a/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/ldexp.3p
+++ b/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/ldexp.3p
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ ISO\ C standard. Any conflict between the requirements described here and the
ISO\ C standard is unintentional. This volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017 defers to the ISO\ C standard.
.P
These functions shall compute the quantity
-\fIx\fR\ *\ 2\u\s-3\fIexp\fR\s+3\d.
+\fIx\fR\ *\ 2**\fIexp\fR.
.P
An application wishing to check for error situations should set
.IR errno
diff --git a/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/logb.3p b/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/logb.3p
index 1f1b4de..09bb1c6 100644
--- a/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/logb.3p
+++ b/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/logb.3p
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ finite positive
.RS 4
.nf
-1 <= \fIx\fP * FLT_RADIX\s-3\u-logb(x)\d\s+3 < FLT_RADIX
+1 <= \fIx\fP * FLT_RADIX**(-logb(x)) < FLT_RADIX
.fi
.P
.RE
diff --git a/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/pow.3p b/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/pow.3p
index 1e28125..4cbee11 100644
--- a/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/pow.3p
+++ b/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/pow.3p
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ These functions shall compute the value of
.IR x
raised to the power
.IR y ,
-.IR x\u\s-3y\s+3\d .
+.IR x**y .
If
.IR x
is negative, the application shall ensure that
diff --git a/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/rand.3p b/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/rand.3p
index 63c9cdf..889bac0 100644
--- a/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/rand.3p
+++ b/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/rand.3p
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ The
function shall compute a sequence of pseudo-random integers in the
range [0,\c
{RAND_MAX}]
-with a period of at least 2\u\s-332\s0\d.
+with a period of at least 2**32
.P
The
\fIrand\fR()
diff --git a/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/remquo.3p b/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/remquo.3p
index 1a609f1..00f4f23 100644
--- a/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/remquo.3p
+++ b/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/remquo.3p
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ functions, respectively. In the object pointed to by
they store a value whose sign is the sign of
.IR x /\c
.IR y
-and whose magnitude is congruent modulo 2\fI\s-3\un\d\s+3\fR to the
+and whose magnitude is congruent modulo 2\fI**n\fR to the
magnitude of the integral quotient of
.IR x /\c
.IR y ,
diff --git a/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/scalbln.3p b/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/scalbln.3p
index 788ce42..13fa729 100644
--- a/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/scalbln.3p
+++ b/man-pages-posix-2017/man3p/scalbln.3p
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ The functionality described on this reference page is aligned with the
ISO\ C standard. Any conflict between the requirements described here and the
ISO\ C standard is unintentional. This volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017 defers to the ISO\ C standard.
.P
-These functions shall compute \fIx\fR\ *\ FLT_RADIX\fI\s-3\un\d\s+3\fR
-efficiently, not normally by computing FLT_RADIX\fI\s-3\un\d\s+3\fR
+These functions shall compute \fIx\fR\ *\ FLT_RADIX**\fIn\fR
+efficiently, not normally by computing FLT_RADIX**\fIn\fR
explicitly.
.P
An application wishing to check for error situations should set
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ is non-zero or \fIfetestexcept\fR(FE_INVALID | FE_DIVBYZERO |
FE_OVERFLOW | FE_UNDERFLOW) is non-zero, an error has occurred.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
Upon successful completion, these functions shall return
-\fIx\fR\ *\ FLT_RADIX\fI\s-3\un\d\s+3\fR.
+\fIx\fR\ *\ FLT_RADIX**\fIn\fR.
.P
If the result would cause overflow, a range error shall occur and these
functions shall return \(+-HUGE_VAL, \(+-HUGE_VALF, and \(+-HUGE_VALL
--
Michael Kerrisk
Linux man-pages maintainer; http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/
Linux/UNIX System Programming Training: http://man7.org/training/
