Hello Bjarni,
On 6/20/20 9:29 PM, Bjarni Ingi Gislason wrote:
> Remove superfluous paragraph macros.
>
> Remove ".br" if it is before a line that starts with a space
> character, as such lines automatically cause a break.
>
> ###
>
> The output is unchanged, except two empty lines are added at the
> bottom (before the footer line) in the output of "nroff" for the files
> "alloc_hugepages.2" and "userfaultfd.2".
>
> ###
>
> Examples of warnings from "mandoc -Tlint":
>
> mandoc: access.2:283:2: WARNING: skipping paragraph macro: PP after SH
>
> mandoc: adjtimex.2:185:2: WARNING: skipping paragraph macro: PP empty
>
> mandoc: futex.2:728:2: WARNING: skipping paragraph macro: IP empty
>
> mandoc: getsid.2:48:2: WARNING: skipping paragraph macro: br before text line with leading blank
>
> mandoc: init_module.2:290:2: WARNING: skipping paragraph macro: PP after SS
>
> mandoc: ioctl_fideduperange.2:27:2: WARNING: skipping paragraph macro: br after SH
>
>
> Signed-off-by: Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@xxxxxxxxx>
Thanks. Patch applied.
Michael
> ---
> man2/access.2 | 1 -
> man2/adjtimex.2 | 1 -
> man2/alloc_hugepages.2 | 2 +-
> man2/chown.2 | 1 -
> man2/clone.2 | 8 --------
> man2/eventfd.2 | 1 -
> man2/fork.2 | 1 -
> man2/futex.2 | 4 ----
> man2/getgroups.2 | 1 -
> man2/getrusage.2 | 2 --
> man2/getsid.2 | 1 -
> man2/init_module.2 | 1 -
> man2/io_cancel.2 | 3 ---
> man2/io_destroy.2 | 3 ---
> man2/io_getevents.2 | 4 ----
> man2/io_setup.2 | 3 ---
> man2/io_submit.2 | 3 ---
> man2/ioctl_ficlonerange.2 | 2 --
> man2/ioctl_fideduperange.2 | 3 ---
> man2/ioctl_fslabel.2 | 2 --
> man2/ioctl_getfsmap.2 | 5 -----
> man2/memfd_create.2 | 1 -
> man2/mlock.2 | 1 -
> man2/mmap.2 | 2 --
> man2/mprotect.2 | 1 -
> man2/mremap.2 | 1 -
> man2/open.2 | 1 -
> man2/pciconfig_read.2 | 1 -
> man2/perf_event_open.2 | 3 ---
> man2/pidfd_open.2 | 1 -
> man2/pivot_root.2 | 2 --
> man2/prctl.2 | 1 -
> man2/ptrace.2 | 2 --
> man2/quotactl.2 | 2 --
> man2/readv.2 | 1 -
> man2/recvmmsg.2 | 1 -
> man2/s390_guarded_storage.2 | 1 -
> man2/select.2 | 4 ----
> man2/select_tut.2 | 2 --
> man2/semget.2 | 1 -
> man2/set_mempolicy.2 | 1 -
> man2/setns.2 | 1 -
> man2/setpgid.2 | 1 -
> man2/shmop.2 | 3 ---
> man2/sigpending.2 | 1 -
> man2/sigprocmask.2 | 1 -
> man2/sigsuspend.2 | 1 -
> man2/stat.2 | 5 -----
> man2/statx.2 | 5 -----
> man2/syscalls.2 | 1 -
> man2/sysctl.2 | 1 -
> man2/truncate.2 | 1 -
> man2/uname.2 | 1 -
> man2/userfaultfd.2 | 4 +---
> man2/vfork.2 | 2 --
> 55 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 108 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/man2/access.2 b/man2/access.2
> index 8b97d7fce..592e2c4dc 100644
> --- a/man2/access.2
> +++ b/man2/access.2
> @@ -280,7 +280,6 @@ SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
> .BR faccessat ():
> POSIX.1-2008.
> .SH NOTES
> -.PP
> .BR Warning :
> Using these calls to check if a user is authorized to, for example,
> open a file before actually doing so using
> diff --git a/man2/adjtimex.2 b/man2/adjtimex.2
> index c9c3ac8d9..e457145b5 100644
> --- a/man2/adjtimex.2
> +++ b/man2/adjtimex.2
> @@ -182,7 +182,6 @@ while (buf.time.tv_usec < 0) {
> }
> .EE
> .in
> -.PP
> .TP
> .BR ADJ_MICRO " (since Linux 2.6.26)"
> .\" commit eea83d896e318bda54be2d2770d2c5d6668d11db
> diff --git a/man2/alloc_hugepages.2 b/man2/alloc_hugepages.2
> index 0a341bf35..14ed0516a 100644
> --- a/man2/alloc_hugepages.2
> +++ b/man2/alloc_hugepages.2
> @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ to map files in this virtual filesystem.
> The maximal number of huge pages can be specified using the
> .B hugepages=
> boot parameter.
> -.PP
> +.\".PP
> .\" requires CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE (under "Processor type and features")
> .\" and CONFIG_HUGETLBFS (under "Filesystems").
> .\" mount -t hugetlbfs hugetlbfs /huge
> diff --git a/man2/chown.2 b/man2/chown.2
> index f2dec9045..c845d0388 100644
> --- a/man2/chown.2
> +++ b/man2/chown.2
> @@ -447,7 +447,6 @@ has got the same syscall number, and
> .BR chown ()
> got the newly introduced number.
> .SH EXAMPLES
> -.PP
> The following program changes the ownership of the file named in
> its second command-line argument to the value specified in its
> first command-line argument.
> diff --git a/man2/clone.2 b/man2/clone.2
> index 8e73afe38..e0fe7545f 100644
> --- a/man2/clone.2
> +++ b/man2/clone.2
> @@ -104,7 +104,6 @@ In the remainder of this page, the terminology "the clone call" is used
> when noting details that apply to all of these interfaces,
> .\"
> .SS The clone() wrapper function
> -.PP
> When the child process is created with the
> .BR clone ()
> wrapper function,
> @@ -156,7 +155,6 @@ The remaining arguments to
> are discussed below.
> .\"
> .SS clone3()
> -.PP
> The
> .BR clone3 ()
> system call provides a superset of the functionality of the older
> @@ -235,7 +233,6 @@ The remaining fields in the
> argument are discussed below.
> .\"
> .SS Equivalence between clone() and clone3() arguments
> -.PP
> Unlike the older
> .BR clone ()
> interface, where arguments are passed individually, in the newer
> @@ -275,7 +272,6 @@ tls tls See CLONE_SETTLS
> .RE
> .\"
> .SS The child termination signal
> -.PP
> When the child process terminates, a signal may be sent to the parent.
> The termination signal is specified in the low byte of
> .I flags
> @@ -295,7 +291,6 @@ If no signal (i.e., zero) is specified, then the parent process is not signaled
> when the child terminates.
> .\"
> .SS The set_tid array
> -.PP
> By default, the kernel chooses the next sequential PID for the new
> process in each of the PID namespaces where it is present.
> When creating a process with
> @@ -380,7 +375,6 @@ Otherwise the PID
> entry for this PID namespace must be 1.
> .\"
> .SS The flags mask
> -.PP
> Both
> .BR clone ()
> and
> @@ -1527,7 +1521,6 @@ These system calls
> are Linux-specific and should not be used in programs
> intended to be portable.
> .SH NOTES
> -.PP
> One use of these systems calls
> is to implement threads: multiple flows of control in a program that
> run concurrently in a shared address space.
> @@ -1559,7 +1552,6 @@ system call can be used to test whether two processes share various
> resources such as a file descriptor table,
> System V semaphore undo operations, or a virtual address space.
> .PP
> -.PP
> Handlers registered using
> .BR pthread_atfork (3)
> are not executed during a clone call.
> diff --git a/man2/eventfd.2 b/man2/eventfd.2
> index 9d4b4271e..e966ac20a 100644
> --- a/man2/eventfd.2
> +++ b/man2/eventfd.2
> @@ -358,7 +358,6 @@ eventfd file descriptor,
> returning 0 if the correct number of bytes was transferred,
> or \-1 otherwise.
> .SH EXAMPLES
> -.PP
> The following program creates an eventfd file descriptor
> and then forks to create a child process.
> While the parent briefly sleeps,
> diff --git a/man2/fork.2 b/man2/fork.2
> index 05754663f..85cc681d8 100644
> --- a/man2/fork.2
> +++ b/man2/fork.2
> @@ -279,7 +279,6 @@ System call was interrupted by a signal and will be restarted.
> .SH CONFORMING TO
> POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, SVr4, 4.3BSD.
> .SH NOTES
> -.PP
> Under Linux,
> .BR fork ()
> is implemented using copy-on-write pages, so the only penalty that it incurs
> diff --git a/man2/futex.2 b/man2/futex.2
> index dd1464752..2c0c1259a 100644
> --- a/man2/futex.2
> +++ b/man2/futex.2
> @@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ futex \- fast user-space locking
> .IR Note :
> There is no glibc wrapper for this system call; see NOTES.
> .SH DESCRIPTION
> -.PP
> The
> .BR futex ()
> system call provides a method for waiting until a certain condition becomes
> @@ -726,7 +725,6 @@ If
> .I timeout
> is NULL, the operation can block indefinitely.
> .IP
> -.IP
> The
> .I uaddr2
> argument is ignored.
> @@ -1315,7 +1313,6 @@ operation.
> .\""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
> .\"
> .SH RETURN VALUE
> -.PP
> In the event of an error (and assuming that
> .BR futex ()
> was invoked via
> @@ -1685,7 +1682,6 @@ and the timeout expired before the operation completed.
> .\""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
> .\"
> .SH VERSIONS
> -.PP
> Futexes were first made available in a stable kernel release
> with Linux 2.6.0.
> .PP
> diff --git a/man2/getgroups.2 b/man2/getgroups.2
> index ef446d284..4f718915e 100644
> --- a/man2/getgroups.2
> +++ b/man2/getgroups.2
> @@ -54,7 +54,6 @@ Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
> Glibc 2.19 and earlier:
> _BSD_SOURCE
> .SH DESCRIPTION
> -.PP
> .BR getgroups ()
> returns the supplementary group IDs of the calling process in
> .IR list .
> diff --git a/man2/getrusage.2 b/man2/getrusage.2
> index a8e8f89c3..d27301c00 100644
> --- a/man2/getrusage.2
> +++ b/man2/getrusage.2
> @@ -46,7 +46,6 @@ getrusage \- get resource usage
> .PP
> .BI "int getrusage(int " who ", struct rusage *" usage );
> .SH DESCRIPTION
> -.PP
> .BR getrusage ()
> returns resource usage measures for
> .IR who ,
> @@ -184,7 +183,6 @@ completed (usually to await availability of a resource).
> The number of times a context switch resulted due to a higher
> priority process becoming runnable or because the current process
> exceeded its time slice.
> -.PP
> .SH RETURN VALUE
> On success, zero is returned.
> On error, \-1 is returned, and
> diff --git a/man2/getsid.2 b/man2/getsid.2
> index a912b651f..1f9a8fbec 100644
> --- a/man2/getsid.2
> +++ b/man2/getsid.2
> @@ -45,7 +45,6 @@ Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
> .RS 4
> _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500
> .\" || _XOPEN_SOURCE\ &&\ _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
> -.br
> || /* Since glibc 2.12: */ _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200809L
> .RE
> .PD
> diff --git a/man2/init_module.2 b/man2/init_module.2
> index a4d41318b..96a6172fd 100644
> --- a/man2/init_module.2
> +++ b/man2/init_module.2
> @@ -287,7 +287,6 @@ See the Linux kernel source file
> .I include/linux/module.h
> for some useful background information.
> .SS Linux 2.4 and earlier
> -.PP
> In Linux 2.4 and earlier, the
> .BR init_module ()
> system call was rather different:
> diff --git a/man2/io_cancel.2 b/man2/io_cancel.2
> index a685b5b6a..68129896e 100644
> --- a/man2/io_cancel.2
> +++ b/man2/io_cancel.2
> @@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ io_cancel \- cancel an outstanding asynchronous I/O operation
> .IR Note :
> There is no glibc wrapper for this system call; see NOTES.
> .SH DESCRIPTION
> -.PP
> The
> .BR io_cancel ()
> system call
> @@ -54,10 +53,8 @@ The AIO context specified by \fIctx_id\fP is invalid.
> .BR io_cancel ()
> is not implemented on this architecture.
> .SH VERSIONS
> -.PP
> The asynchronous I/O system calls first appeared in Linux 2.5.
> .SH CONFORMING TO
> -.PP
> .BR io_cancel ()
> is Linux-specific and should not be used
> in programs that are intended to be portable.
> diff --git a/man2/io_destroy.2 b/man2/io_destroy.2
> index 155fc48c5..e7cdf0203 100644
> --- a/man2/io_destroy.2
> +++ b/man2/io_destroy.2
> @@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ io_destroy \- destroy an asynchronous I/O context
> .IR Note :
> There is no glibc wrapper for this system call; see NOTES.
> .SH DESCRIPTION
> -.PP
> The
> .BR io_destroy ()
> system call
> @@ -43,10 +42,8 @@ The AIO context specified by \fIctx_id\fP is invalid.
> .BR io_destroy ()
> is not implemented on this architecture.
> .SH VERSIONS
> -.PP
> The asynchronous I/O system calls first appeared in Linux 2.5.
> .SH CONFORMING TO
> -.PP
> .BR io_destroy ()
> is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs
> that are intended to be portable.
> diff --git a/man2/io_getevents.2 b/man2/io_getevents.2
> index 601e8bf6b..a7d955041 100644
> --- a/man2/io_getevents.2
> +++ b/man2/io_getevents.2
> @@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ io_getevents \- read asynchronous I/O events from the completion queue
> .IR Note :
> There is no glibc wrapper for this system call; see NOTES.
> .SH DESCRIPTION
> -.PP
> The
> .BR io_getevents ()
> system call
> @@ -80,10 +79,8 @@ out of range.
> .BR io_getevents ()
> is not implemented on this architecture.
> .SH VERSIONS
> -.PP
> The asynchronous I/O system calls first appeared in Linux 2.5.
> .SH CONFORMING TO
> -.PP
> .BR io_getevents ()
> is Linux-specific and should not be used in
> programs that are intended to be portable.
> @@ -123,7 +120,6 @@ An invalid
> may cause a segmentation fault instead of generating the error
> .BR EINVAL .
> .SH SEE ALSO
> -.PP
> .BR io_cancel (2),
> .BR io_destroy (2),
> .BR io_setup (2),
> diff --git a/man2/io_setup.2 b/man2/io_setup.2
> index b11d77635..f54cc938c 100644
> --- a/man2/io_setup.2
> +++ b/man2/io_setup.2
> @@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ io_setup \- create an asynchronous I/O context
> .IR Note :
> There is no glibc wrapper for this system call; see NOTES.
> .SH DESCRIPTION
> -.PP
> The
> .BR io_setup ()
> system call
> @@ -58,10 +57,8 @@ Insufficient kernel resources are available.
> .BR io_setup ()
> is not implemented on this architecture.
> .SH VERSIONS
> -.PP
> The asynchronous I/O system calls first appeared in Linux 2.5.
> .SH CONFORMING TO
> -.PP
> .BR io_setup ()
> is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs
> that are intended to be portable.
> diff --git a/man2/io_submit.2 b/man2/io_submit.2
> index 2b0981766..145be4f54 100644
> --- a/man2/io_submit.2
> +++ b/man2/io_submit.2
> @@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ io_submit \- submit asynchronous I/O blocks for processing
> .IR Note :
> There is no glibc wrapper for this system call; see NOTES.
> .SH DESCRIPTION
> -.PP
> The
> .BR io_submit ()
> system call
> @@ -233,10 +232,8 @@ but the submitting context does not have the
> .B CAP_SYS_ADMIN
> capability.
> .SH VERSIONS
> -.PP
> The asynchronous I/O system calls first appeared in Linux 2.5.
> .SH CONFORMING TO
> -.PP
> .BR io_submit ()
> is Linux-specific and should not be used in
> programs that are intended to be portable.
> diff --git a/man2/ioctl_ficlonerange.2 b/man2/ioctl_ficlonerange.2
> index c3da7dc1b..652ad5bce 100644
> --- a/man2/ioctl_ficlonerange.2
> +++ b/man2/ioctl_ficlonerange.2
> @@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
> .SH NAME
> ioctl_ficlonerange, ioctl_ficlone \- share some the data of one file with another file
> .SH SYNOPSIS
> -.br
> .B #include <sys/ioctl.h>
> .br
> .B #include <linux/fs.h>
> @@ -86,7 +85,6 @@ ioctl clones entire files.
> On error, \-1 is returned, and
> .I errno
> is set to indicate the error.
> -.PP
> .SH ERRORS
> Error codes can be one of, but are not limited to, the following:
> .TP
> diff --git a/man2/ioctl_fideduperange.2 b/man2/ioctl_fideduperange.2
> index 2c420693b..fa5f87c57 100644
> --- a/man2/ioctl_fideduperange.2
> +++ b/man2/ioctl_fideduperange.2
> @@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
> .SH NAME
> ioctl_fideduperange \- share some the data of one file with another file
> .SH SYNOPSIS
> -.br
> .B #include <sys/ioctl.h>
> .br
> .B #include <linux/fs.h>
> @@ -142,12 +141,10 @@ code is set to
> for success, a negative error code in case of error, or
> .B FILE_DEDUPE_RANGE_DIFFERS
> if the data did not match.
> -.PP
> .SH RETURN VALUE
> On error, \-1 is returned, and
> .I errno
> is set to indicate the error.
> -.PP
> .SH ERRORS
> Error codes can be one of, but are not limited to, the following:
> .TP
> diff --git a/man2/ioctl_fslabel.2 b/man2/ioctl_fslabel.2
> index ef483cbf2..75f54876b 100644
> --- a/man2/ioctl_fslabel.2
> +++ b/man2/ioctl_fslabel.2
> @@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
> .SH NAME
> ioctl_fslabel \- get or set a filesystem label
> .SH SYNOPSIS
> -.br
> .B #include <sys/ioctl.h>
> .br
> .B #include <linux/fs.h>
> @@ -47,7 +46,6 @@ operation requires privilege
> On success zero is returned. On error, \-1 is returned, and
> .I errno
> is set to indicate the error.
> -.PP
> .SH ERRORS
> Error can include (but are not limited to) the following:
> .TP
> diff --git a/man2/ioctl_getfsmap.2 b/man2/ioctl_getfsmap.2
> index f7039b7be..3e1fa9aaa 100644
> --- a/man2/ioctl_getfsmap.2
> +++ b/man2/ioctl_getfsmap.2
> @@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
> .SH NAME
> ioctl_getfsmap \- retrieve the physical layout of the filesystem
> .SH SYNOPSIS
> -.br
> .B #include <sys/ioctl.h>
> .br
> .B #include <linux/fs.h>
> @@ -83,7 +82,6 @@ Filesystem mappings are copied into the
> array, which immediately follows the header data.
> .\"
> .SS Fields of struct fsmap_head
> -.PP
> The
> .I fmh_iflags
> field is a bit mask passed to the kernel to alter the output.
> @@ -121,7 +119,6 @@ The
> fields must be set to zero.
> .\"
> .SS Keys
> -.PP
> The two key records in
> .I fsmap_head.fmh_keys
> specify the lowest and highest extent records in the keyspace that the caller
> @@ -161,7 +158,6 @@ The function
> provides this functionality.
> .\"
> .SS Fields of struct fsmap
> -.PP
> The
> .I fmr_device
> field uniquely identifies the underlying storage device.
> @@ -326,7 +322,6 @@ Inode bit map.
> On error, \-1 is returned, and
> .I errno
> is set to indicate the error.
> -.PP
> .SH ERRORS
> The error placed in
> .I errno
> diff --git a/man2/memfd_create.2 b/man2/memfd_create.2
> index 8fdb32fa7..a66940239 100644
> --- a/man2/memfd_create.2
> +++ b/man2/memfd_create.2
> @@ -205,7 +205,6 @@ The
> .BR memfd_create ()
> system call is Linux-specific.
> .SH NOTES
> -.PP
> .\" See also http://lwn.net/Articles/593918/
> .\" and http://lwn.net/Articles/594919/ and http://lwn.net/Articles/591108/
> The
> diff --git a/man2/mlock.2 b/man2/mlock.2
> index b7a176a61..4a52773c2 100644
> --- a/man2/mlock.2
> +++ b/man2/mlock.2
> @@ -89,7 +89,6 @@ Lock pages that are currently resident and mark the entire range so
> that the remaining nonresident pages are locked when they are populated
> by a page fault.
> .PP
> -.PP
> If
> .I flags
> is 0,
> diff --git a/man2/mmap.2 b/man2/mmap.2
> index 6f2600e1f..d92806265 100644
> --- a/man2/mmap.2
> +++ b/man2/mmap.2
> @@ -670,7 +670,6 @@ is defined in \fI<unistd.h>\fP to a value greater than 0.
> .\" -1: unavailable, 0: ask using sysconf().
> .\" glibc defines it to 1.
> .SH NOTES
> -.PP
> Memory mapped by
> .BR mmap ()
> is preserved across
> @@ -907,7 +906,6 @@ however, this doesn't work on
> .SH EXAMPLES
> .\" FIXME . Add an example here that uses an anonymous shared region for
> .\" IPC between parent and child.
> -.PP
> The following program prints part of the file specified in
> its first command-line argument to standard output.
> The range of bytes to be printed is specified via offset and length
> diff --git a/man2/mprotect.2 b/man2/mprotect.2
> index 397597b7b..992f3887b 100644
> --- a/man2/mprotect.2
> +++ b/man2/mprotect.2
> @@ -285,7 +285,6 @@ is equivalent to
> .BR mprotect ().
> .SH EXAMPLES
> .\" sigaction.2 refers to this example
> -.PP
> The program below demonstrates the use of
> .BR mprotect ().
> The program allocates four pages of memory, makes the third
> diff --git a/man2/mremap.2 b/man2/mremap.2
> index 4728fdf81..9577041bc 100644
> --- a/man2/mremap.2
> +++ b/man2/mremap.2
> @@ -265,7 +265,6 @@ intended to be portable.
> .\" .BR mremap (2)
> .\" call with completely different semantics.
> .SH NOTES
> -.PP
> .BR mremap ()
> changes the
> mapping between virtual addresses and memory pages.
> diff --git a/man2/open.2 b/man2/open.2
> index db2367dba..eb75437ff 100644
> --- a/man2/open.2
> +++ b/man2/open.2
> @@ -1696,7 +1696,6 @@ the corresponding conventional APIs.
> .\"
> .\"
> .SS O_DIRECT
> -.PP
> The
> .B O_DIRECT
> flag may impose alignment restrictions on the length and address
> diff --git a/man2/pciconfig_read.2 b/man2/pciconfig_read.2
> index 90139041d..ee60b364e 100644
> --- a/man2/pciconfig_read.2
> +++ b/man2/pciconfig_read.2
> @@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ pciconfig_read, pciconfig_write, pciconfig_iobase \- pci device information hand
> .BI " unsigned long " devfn );
> .fi
> .SH DESCRIPTION
> -.PP
> Most of the interaction with PCI devices is already handled by the
> kernel PCI layer,
> and thus these calls should not normally need to be accessed from user space.
> diff --git a/man2/perf_event_open.2 b/man2/perf_event_open.2
> index 3e3626207..7d24ba47d 100644
> --- a/man2/perf_event_open.2
> +++ b/man2/perf_event_open.2
> @@ -74,7 +74,6 @@ event periodically writes measurements to a buffer that can then
> be accessed via
> .BR mmap (2).
> .SS Arguments
> -.PP
> The
> .I pid
> and
> @@ -2813,7 +2812,6 @@ in a process's context.
> To restore the old behavior, write the value 2 to
> .IR /sys/devices/cpu/rdpmc .
> .SS perf_event ioctl calls
> -.PP
> Various ioctls act on
> .BR perf_event_open ()
> file descriptors:
> @@ -3008,7 +3006,6 @@ to the calling process or inherited events from a parent process.
> Only group leaders are enabled and disabled,
> not any other members of the groups.
> .SS perf_event related configuration files
> -.PP
> Files in
> .I /proc/sys/kernel/
> .RS 4
> diff --git a/man2/pidfd_open.2 b/man2/pidfd_open.2
> index 9f6e328d3..909f3a2d6 100644
> --- a/man2/pidfd_open.2
> +++ b/man2/pidfd_open.2
> @@ -143,7 +143,6 @@ with the
> flag.
> .\"
> .SS Use cases for PID file descriptors
> -.PP
> A PID file descriptor returned by
> .BR pidfd_open ()
> (or by
> diff --git a/man2/pivot_root.2 b/man2/pivot_root.2
> index 9be7ac75a..81760810d 100644
> --- a/man2/pivot_root.2
> +++ b/man2/pivot_root.2
> @@ -214,7 +214,6 @@ Helper programs for this process exist; see
> .BR switch_root (8).
> .\"
> .SS pivot_root(\(dq.\(dq, \(dq.\(dq)
> -.PP
> .I new_root
> and
> .I put_old
> @@ -275,7 +274,6 @@ was first implemented and will not change now.
> .\" FIXME
> .\" Would it be better, because simpler, to use unshare(2)
> .\" rather than clone(2) in the example below?
> -.PP
> The program below demonstrates the use of
> .BR pivot_root ()
> inside a mount namespace that is created using
> diff --git a/man2/prctl.2 b/man2/prctl.2
> index ce03e4186..d18f6ec9e 100644
> --- a/man2/prctl.2
> +++ b/man2/prctl.2
> @@ -377,7 +377,6 @@ Note that modern MIPS implementations (MIPS R6 and newer) support
> .B FR=1
> mode only.
> .IP
> -.IP
> Applications that use the O32 FP32 ABI can operate only when this bit is
> .I unset
> .RB ( FR=0 ;
> diff --git a/man2/ptrace.2 b/man2/ptrace.2
> index bf95748d3..83f9dc753 100644
> --- a/man2/ptrace.2
> +++ b/man2/ptrace.2
> @@ -421,7 +421,6 @@ for dumping signals from the process-wide signal queue.
> If this flag is not set,
> signals are read from the per-thread queue of the specified thread.
> .in
> -.PP
> .TP
> .BR PTRACE_GETSIGMASK " (since Linux 3.11)"
> .\" commit 29000caecbe87b6b66f144f72111f0d02fbbf0c1
> @@ -2680,7 +2679,6 @@ check\(emfor example,
> .BR ptrace ()
> .BR PTRACE_ATTACH .
> (See the "Ptrace access mode checking" discussion above.)
> -.IP
> .IP *
> .BR ptrace ()
> .BR PTRACE_TRACEME .
> diff --git a/man2/quotactl.2 b/man2/quotactl.2
> index 7af12bf2a..239d8a9d8 100644
> --- a/man2/quotactl.2
> +++ b/man2/quotactl.2
> @@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ quotactl \- manipulate disk quotas
> ", caddr_t " addr );
> .fi
> .SH DESCRIPTION
> -.PP
> The quota system can be used to set per-user, per-group, and per-project limits
> on the amount of disk space used on a filesystem.
> For each user and/or group,
> @@ -688,7 +687,6 @@ The
> .IR special ", " id " and " addr
> arguments are ignored.
> .SH RETURN VALUE
> -.PP
> On success,
> .BR quotactl ()
> returns 0; on error \-1
> diff --git a/man2/readv.2 b/man2/readv.2
> index 481b2f3d2..ba59d6788 100644
> --- a/man2/readv.2
> +++ b/man2/readv.2
> @@ -184,7 +184,6 @@ The file referred to by
> .I fd
> must be capable of seeking.
> .SS preadv2() and pwritev2()
> -.PP
> These system calls are similar to
> .BR preadv ()
> and
> diff --git a/man2/recvmmsg.2 b/man2/recvmmsg.2
> index a00c88ac1..fd40f2aa8 100644
> --- a/man2/recvmmsg.2
> +++ b/man2/recvmmsg.2
> @@ -190,7 +190,6 @@ In the current implementation, however, the error code can be overwritten
> in the meantime by an unrelated network event on a socket,
> for example an incoming ICMP packet.
> .SH EXAMPLES
> -.PP
> The following program uses
> .BR recvmmsg ()
> to receive multiple messages on a socket and stores
> diff --git a/man2/s390_guarded_storage.2 b/man2/s390_guarded_storage.2
> index 26c417933..528a3e26d 100644
> --- a/man2/s390_guarded_storage.2
> +++ b/man2/s390_guarded_storage.2
> @@ -170,6 +170,5 @@ header.
> .\" .UR https://developer.ibm.com/javasdk/2017/09/25/concurrent-scavenge-using-guarded-storage-facility-works/
> .\" the article with the description of its usage in the Java Garbage Collection
> .\" .UE
> -.PP
> .SH SEE ALSO
> .BR syscall (2)
> diff --git a/man2/select.2 b/man2/select.2
> index 744eb10b4..7f4343ba3 100644
> --- a/man2/select.2
> +++ b/man2/select.2
> @@ -237,7 +237,6 @@ is specified as NULL,
> blocks indefinitely waiting for a file descriptor to become ready.
> .\"
> .SS pselect()
> -.PP
> The
> .BR pselect ()
> system call allows an application to safely wait until either
> @@ -316,7 +315,6 @@ pthread_sigmask(SIG_SETMASK, &origmask, NULL);
> .EE
> .in
> .PP
> -.PP
> The reason that
> .BR pselect ()
> is needed is that if one wants to wait for either a signal
> @@ -512,7 +510,6 @@ or reading from a pipe that may be empty,
> nonblocking I/O is used when reading from and writing to the pipe.)
> .\"
> .SS Emulating usleep(3)
> -.PP
> Before the advent of
> .BR usleep (3),
> some code employed a call to
> @@ -622,7 +619,6 @@ for a discussion of the difference between the kernel and libc
> notion of the signal set.
> .\"
> .SS Historical glibc details
> -.PP
> Glibc 2.0 provided an incorrect version of
> .BR pselect ()
> that did not take a
> diff --git a/man2/select_tut.2 b/man2/select_tut.2
> index a41065f09..f683dd49d 100644
> --- a/man2/select_tut.2
> +++ b/man2/select_tut.2
> @@ -33,7 +33,6 @@
> .SH NAME
> select, pselect \- synchronous I/O multiplexing
> .SH SYNOPSIS
> -.PP
> See
> .BR select (2)
> .SH DESCRIPTION
> @@ -54,7 +53,6 @@ and
> .BR pselect (),
> see
> .BR select (2).
> -.PP
> .\"
> .SS Combining signal and data events
> .BR pselect ()
> diff --git a/man2/semget.2 b/man2/semget.2
> index 8c7930b88..1fcbd5dc1 100644
> --- a/man2/semget.2
> +++ b/man2/semget.2
> @@ -395,7 +395,6 @@ $ \fB./t_semget link p 1\fP # Generates same key as \(aqmykey\(aq
> ID = 9
> .EE
> .in
> -.PP
> .SS Program source
> \&
> .nf
> diff --git a/man2/set_mempolicy.2 b/man2/set_mempolicy.2
> index 8fd0922ab..c63734260 100644
> --- a/man2/set_mempolicy.2
> +++ b/man2/set_mempolicy.2
> @@ -184,7 +184,6 @@ node ID specified in
> and so forth, until none of the specified nodes contain free memory.
> Pages will not be allocated from any node not specified in the
> .IR nodemask .
> -.IP
> .TP
> .B MPOL_INTERLEAVE
> This mode interleaves page allocations across the nodes specified in
> diff --git a/man2/setns.2 b/man2/setns.2
> index 126847505..28ed7d294 100644
> --- a/man2/setns.2
> +++ b/man2/setns.2
> @@ -142,7 +142,6 @@ int fd = pidfd_open(1234, 0);
> setns(fd, CLONE_NEWUSER | CLONE_NEWNET | CLONE_NEWUTS);
> .EE
> .in
> -.PP
> .\"
> .SS Details for specific namespace types
> Note the following details and restrictions when reassociating with
> diff --git a/man2/setpgid.2 b/man2/setpgid.2
> index 29f20f3ef..cc06d8791 100644
> --- a/man2/setpgid.2
> +++ b/man2/setpgid.2
> @@ -75,7 +75,6 @@ Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
> .RS 4
> _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500
> .\" || _XOPEN_SOURCE\ &&\ _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
> -.br
> || /* Since glibc 2.12: */ _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200809L
> .RE
> .PP
> diff --git a/man2/shmop.2 b/man2/shmop.2
> index d5b6e9da1..e7a4f7aed 100644
> --- a/man2/shmop.2
> +++ b/man2/shmop.2
> @@ -240,7 +240,6 @@ from
> into
> .IR "void\ *" .
> .SH NOTES
> -.PP
> After a
> .BR fork (2),
> the child inherits the attached shared memory segments.
> @@ -292,7 +291,6 @@ The implementation places no intrinsic per-process limit on the
> number of shared memory segments
> .RB ( SHMSEG ).
> .SH EXAMPLES
> -.PP
> The two programs shown below exchange a string using a shared memory segment.
> Further details about the programs are given below.
> First, we show a shell session demonstrating their use.
> @@ -332,7 +330,6 @@ shared memory segment by the writer:
> Hello, world
> .EE
> .in
> -.PP
> .\"
> .SS Program source: svshm_string.h
> The following header file is included by the "reader" and "writer" programs.
> diff --git a/man2/sigpending.2 b/man2/sigpending.2
> index bc2dc65c8..9391626c9 100644
> --- a/man2/sigpending.2
> +++ b/man2/sigpending.2
> @@ -44,7 +44,6 @@ Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
> _POSIX_C_SOURCE
> .ad b
> .SH DESCRIPTION
> -.PP
> .BR sigpending ()
> returns the set of signals that are pending for delivery to the calling
> thread (i.e., the signals which have been raised while blocked).
> diff --git a/man2/sigprocmask.2 b/man2/sigprocmask.2
> index 6e59c5a58..015ad4a6b 100644
> --- a/man2/sigprocmask.2
> +++ b/man2/sigprocmask.2
> @@ -165,7 +165,6 @@ and
> as NULL.
> .\"
> .SS C library/kernel differences
> -.PP
> The kernel's definition of
> .I sigset_t
> differs in size from that used
> diff --git a/man2/sigsuspend.2 b/man2/sigsuspend.2
> index 4d2aca6f2..f4d97d10e 100644
> --- a/man2/sigsuspend.2
> +++ b/man2/sigsuspend.2
> @@ -85,7 +85,6 @@ The call was interrupted by a signal;
> .SH CONFORMING TO
> POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
> .SH NOTES
> -.PP
> Normally,
> .BR sigsuspend ()
> is used in conjunction with
> diff --git a/man2/stat.2 b/man2/stat.2
> index 998c5e82e..a5f983b67 100644
> --- a/man2/stat.2
> +++ b/man2/stat.2
> @@ -67,12 +67,9 @@ Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
> .BR lstat ():
> .RS 4
> /* glibc 2.19 and earlier */ _BSD_SOURCE
> -.br
> || /* Since glibc 2.20 */ _DEFAULT_SOURCE
> -.br
> || _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500
> .\" _XOPEN_SOURCE\ &&\ _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
> -.br
> || /* Since glibc 2.10: */ _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200112L
> .RE
> .PP
> @@ -90,7 +87,6 @@ _ATFILE_SOURCE
> .PD
> .ad
> .SH DESCRIPTION
> -.PP
> These functions return information about a file, in the buffer pointed to by
> .IR statbuf .
> No permissions are required on the file itself, but\(emin the case of
> @@ -356,7 +352,6 @@ The
> can be used in tools that scan directories
> to prevent mass-automounting of a directory of automount points.
> .IP
> -.IP
> This flag is Linux-specific; define
> .B _GNU_SOURCE
> .\" Before glibc 2.16, defining _ATFILE_SOURCE sufficed
> diff --git a/man2/statx.2 b/man2/statx.2
> index 1e9e6a199..33d110f9f 100644
> --- a/man2/statx.2
> +++ b/man2/statx.2
> @@ -41,9 +41,7 @@ statx \- get file status (extended)
> .BI "int statx(int " dirfd ", const char *" pathname ", int " flags ","
> .BI " unsigned int " mask ", struct statx *" statxbuf );
> .fi
> -.PP
> .SH DESCRIPTION
> -.PP
> This function returns information about a file, storing it in the buffer
> pointed to by
> .IR statxbuf .
> @@ -100,7 +98,6 @@ struct statx_timestamp {
> (Note that reserved space and padding is omitted.)
> .SS
> Invoking \fBstatx\fR():
> -.PP
> To access a file's status, no permissions are required on the file itself,
> but in the case of
> .BR statx ()
> @@ -288,7 +285,6 @@ as one or more bits may, in the future, be used to specify an
> extension to the buffer.
> .SS
> The returned information
> -.PP
> The status information for the target file is returned in the
> .I statx
> structure pointed to by
> @@ -420,7 +416,6 @@ For further information on the above fields, see
> .BR inode (7).
> .\"
> .SS File attributes
> -.PP
> The
> .I stx_attributes
> field contains a set of ORed flags that indicate additional attributes
> diff --git a/man2/syscalls.2 b/man2/syscalls.2
> index c6b8d8bf9..0b89f422a 100644
> --- a/man2/syscalls.2
> +++ b/man2/syscalls.2
> @@ -904,7 +904,6 @@ There was briefly
> added in Linux 2.6.13, and removed in 2.6.16;
> this system call was never available to user space.
> .SH NOTES
> -.PP
> Roughly speaking, the code belonging to the system call
> with number __NR_xxx defined in
> .I /usr/include/asm/unistd.h
> diff --git a/man2/sysctl.2 b/man2/sysctl.2
> index 687333fbd..523489d2a 100644
> --- a/man2/sysctl.2
> +++ b/man2/sysctl.2
> @@ -124,7 +124,6 @@ Furthermore,
> glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call,
> necessitating the use of
> .BR syscall (2).
> -.PP
> .SH BUGS
> The object names vary between kernel versions,
> making this system call worthless for applications.
> diff --git a/man2/truncate.2 b/man2/truncate.2
> index b69119835..fe5825b90 100644
> --- a/man2/truncate.2
> +++ b/man2/truncate.2
> @@ -62,7 +62,6 @@ Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
> .RS 4
> _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500
> .\" || _XOPEN_SOURCE\ &&\ _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
> -.br
> || /* Since glibc 2.12: */ _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200809L
> || /* Glibc versions <= 2.19: */ _BSD_SOURCE
> .RE
> diff --git a/man2/uname.2 b/man2/uname.2
> index 55c139a56..166e39849 100644
> --- a/man2/uname.2
> +++ b/man2/uname.2
> @@ -136,7 +136,6 @@ Part of the utsname information is also accessible via
> .IR version ,
> .IR domainname }.
> .SS C library/kernel differences
> -.PP
> Over time, increases in the size of the
> .I utsname
> structure have led to three successive versions of
> diff --git a/man2/userfaultfd.2 b/man2/userfaultfd.2
> index 0a7b65f22..8fb851fa7 100644
> --- a/man2/userfaultfd.2
> +++ b/man2/userfaultfd.2
> @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ single threaded non-cooperative userfaultfd manager implementations.
> .\" problematic for multi-threaded monitor. I even suspect that it would be
> .\" impossible to ensure synchronization between page faults and non-page
> .\" fault events in multi-threaded monitor.
> -.PP
> +.\".PP
> .\" FIXME elaborate about non-cooperating mode, describe its limitations
> .\" for kernels before 4.11, features added in 4.11
> .\" and limitations remaining in 4.11
> @@ -211,7 +211,6 @@ Up to Linux 4.11,
> userfaultfd can be used only with anonymous private memory mappings.
> Since Linux 4.11,
> userfaultfd can be also used with hugetlbfs and shared memory mappings.
> -.PP
> .\"
> .SS Reading from the userfaultfd structure
> Each
> @@ -766,4 +765,3 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
> .PP
> .I Documentation/admin-guide/mm/userfaultfd.rst
> in the Linux kernel source tree
> -.PP
> diff --git a/man2/vfork.2 b/man2/vfork.2
> index 7787cd290..491f0395d 100644
> --- a/man2/vfork.2
> +++ b/man2/vfork.2
> @@ -175,7 +175,6 @@ remaining blocked until the child either terminates or calls
> and cannot rely on any specific behavior with respect to shared memory.
> .\" In AIXv3.1 vfork is equivalent to fork.
> .SH NOTES
> -.PP
> Some consider the semantics of
> .BR vfork ()
> to be an architectural blemish, and the 4.2BSD man page stated:
> @@ -308,7 +307,6 @@ Since 2.2.0-pre9 (on i386, somewhat later on
> other architectures) it is an independent system call.
> Support was added in glibc 2.0.112.
> .SH BUGS
> -.PP
> Details of the signal handling are obscure and differ between systems.
> The BSD man page states:
> "To avoid a possible deadlock situation, processes that are children
>
--
Michael Kerrisk
Linux man-pages maintainer; http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/
Linux/UNIX System Programming Training: http://man7.org/training/
