On Fri, Mar 8, 2024 at 12:55 PM Simon Glass <sjg@xxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote: > > Hi Masahiro, > > On Thu, 22 Feb 2024 at 01:38, Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@xxxxxxxxxx> wrote: > > > > On Sat, Feb 3, 2024 at 2:30 AM Simon Glass <sjg@xxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote: > > > > > > Add a script which produces a Flat Image Tree (FIT), a single file > > > containing the built kernel and associated devicetree files. > > > Compression defaults to gzip which gives a good balance of size and > > > performance. > > > > > > The files compress from about 86MB to 24MB using this approach. > > > > > > The FIT can be used by bootloaders which support it, such as U-Boot > > > and Linuxboot. It permits automatic selection of the correct > > > devicetree, matching the compatible string of the running board with > > > the closest compatible string in the FIT. There is no need for > > > filenames or other workarounds. > > > > > > Add a 'make image.fit' build target for arm64, as well. > > > > > > The FIT can be examined using 'dumpimage -l'. > > > > > > This uses the 'dtbs-list' file but processes only .dtb files, ignoring > > > the overlay .dtbo files. > > > > > > This features requires pylibfdt (use 'pip install libfdt'). It also > > > requires compression utilities for the algorithm being used. Supported > > > compression options are the same as the Image.xxx files. Use > > > FIT_COMPRESSION to select an algorithm other than gzip. > > > > > > While FIT supports a ramdisk / initrd, no attempt is made to support > > > this here, since it must be built separately from the Linux build. > > > > > > Signed-off-by: Simon Glass <sjg@xxxxxxxxxxxx> > > > --- > > > > > > Changes in v10: > > > - Make use of dtbs-list file > > > - Mention dtbs-list and FIT_COMPRESSION > > > - Update copyright year > > > - Update cover letter to take account of an applied patch > > > > > > Changes in v9: > > > - Move the compression control into Makefile.lib > > > > > > Changes in v8: > > > - Drop compatible string in FDT node > > > - Correct sorting of MAINTAINERS to before ARM64 PORT > > > - Turn compress part of the make_fit.py comment in to a sentence > > > - Add two blank lines before parse_args() and setup_fit() > > > - Use 'image.fit: dtbs' instead of BUILD_DTBS var > > > - Use '$(<D)/dts' instead of '$(dir $<)dts' > > > - Add 'mkimage' details Documentation/process/changes.rst > > > - Allow changing the compression used > > > - Tweak cover letter since there is only one clean-up patch > > > > > > Changes in v7: > > > - Add Image as a dependency of image.fit > > > - Drop kbuild tag > > > - Add dependency on dtbs > > > - Drop unnecessary path separator for dtbs > > > - Rebase to -next > > > > > > Changes in v5: > > > - Drop patch previously applied > > > - Correct compression rule which was broken in v4 > > > > > > Changes in v4: > > > - Use single quotes for UIMAGE_NAME > > > > > > Changes in v3: > > > - Drop temporary file image.itk > > > - Drop patch 'Use double quotes for image name' > > > - Drop double quotes in use of UIMAGE_NAME > > > - Drop unnecessary CONFIG_EFI_ZBOOT condition for help > > > - Avoid hard-coding "arm64" for the DT architecture > > > > > > Changes in v2: > > > - Drop patch previously applied > > > - Add .gitignore file > > > - Move fit rule to Makefile.lib using an intermediate file > > > - Drop dependency on CONFIG_EFI_ZBOOT > > > - Pick up .dtb files separately from the kernel > > > - Correct pylint too-many-args warning for write_kernel() > > > - Include the kernel image in the file count > > > - Add a pointer to the FIT spec and mention of its wide industry usage > > > - Mention the kernel version in the FIT description > > > > > > Documentation/process/changes.rst | 9 + > > > MAINTAINERS | 7 + > > > arch/arm64/Makefile | 7 +- > > > arch/arm64/boot/.gitignore | 1 + > > > arch/arm64/boot/Makefile | 6 +- > > > scripts/Makefile.lib | 16 ++ > > > scripts/make_fit.py | 298 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ > > > 7 files changed, 341 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) > > > create mode 100755 scripts/make_fit.py > > > > > > diff --git a/Documentation/process/changes.rst b/Documentation/process/changes.rst > > > index 50b3d1cb1115..a8110965e4e1 100644 > > > --- a/Documentation/process/changes.rst > > > +++ b/Documentation/process/changes.rst > > > @@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 2.4.4 sphinx-build --version > > > cpio any cpio --version > > > GNU tar 1.28 tar --version > > > gtags (optional) 6.6.5 gtags --version > > > +mkimage (optional) 2017.01 mkimage --version > > > ====================== =============== ======================================== > > > > > > .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation > > > @@ -189,6 +190,14 @@ The kernel build requires GNU GLOBAL version 6.6.5 or later to generate > > > tag files through ``make gtags``. This is due to its use of the gtags > > > ``-C (--directory)`` flag. > > > > > > +mkimage > > > +------- > > > + > > > +This tool is used when building a Flat Image Tree (FIT), commonly used on ARM > > > +platforms. The tool is available via the ``u-boot-tools`` package or can be > > > +built from the U-Boot source code. See the instructions at > > > +https://docs.u-boot.org/en/latest/build/tools.html#building-tools-for-linux > > > + > > > System utilities > > > **************** > > > > > > diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS > > > index 61117c3afa80..10c2753d7bcc 100644 > > > --- a/MAINTAINERS > > > +++ b/MAINTAINERS > > > @@ -3026,6 +3026,13 @@ F: drivers/mmc/host/sdhci-of-arasan.c > > > N: zynq > > > N: xilinx > > > > > > +ARM64 FIT SUPPORT > > > +M: Simon Glass <sjg@xxxxxxxxxxxx> > > > +L: linux-arm-kernel@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (moderated for non-subscribers) > > > +S: Maintained > > > +F: arch/arm64/boot/Makefile > > > +F: scripts/make_fit.py > > > + > > > ARM64 PORT (AARCH64 ARCHITECTURE) > > > M: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@xxxxxxx> > > > M: Will Deacon <will@xxxxxxxxxx> > > > diff --git a/arch/arm64/Makefile b/arch/arm64/Makefile > > > index 83cd2b7234b9..5de2b02f549a 100644 > > > --- a/arch/arm64/Makefile > > > +++ b/arch/arm64/Makefile > > > @@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ libs-$(CONFIG_EFI_STUB) += $(objtree)/drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/lib.a > > > # Default target when executing plain make > > > boot := arch/arm64/boot > > > > > > -BOOT_TARGETS := Image vmlinuz.efi > > > +BOOT_TARGETS := Image vmlinuz.efi image.fit > > > > > > PHONY += $(BOOT_TARGETS) > > > > > > @@ -162,7 +162,9 @@ endif > > > > > > all: $(notdir $(KBUILD_IMAGE)) > > > > > > -vmlinuz.efi: Image > > > +image.fit: dtbs > > > + > > > +vmlinuz.efi image.fit: Image > > > $(BOOT_TARGETS): vmlinux > > > $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(boot) $(boot)/$@ > > > > > > @@ -215,6 +217,7 @@ virtconfig: > > > define archhelp > > > echo '* Image.gz - Compressed kernel image (arch/$(ARCH)/boot/Image.gz)' > > > echo ' Image - Uncompressed kernel image (arch/$(ARCH)/boot/Image)' > > > + echo ' image.fit - Flat Image Tree (arch/$(ARCH)/boot/image.fit)' > > > echo ' install - Install uncompressed kernel' > > > echo ' zinstall - Install compressed kernel' > > > echo ' Install using (your) ~/bin/installkernel or' > > > diff --git a/arch/arm64/boot/.gitignore b/arch/arm64/boot/.gitignore > > > index af5dc61f8b43..abaae9de1bdd 100644 > > > --- a/arch/arm64/boot/.gitignore > > > +++ b/arch/arm64/boot/.gitignore > > > @@ -2,3 +2,4 @@ > > > Image > > > Image.gz > > > vmlinuz* > > > +image.fit > > > diff --git a/arch/arm64/boot/Makefile b/arch/arm64/boot/Makefile > > > index a5a787371117..ab21af82913e 100644 > > > --- a/arch/arm64/boot/Makefile > > > +++ b/arch/arm64/boot/Makefile > > > @@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ > > > > > > OBJCOPYFLAGS_Image :=-O binary -R .note -R .note.gnu.build-id -R .comment -S > > > > > > -targets := Image Image.bz2 Image.gz Image.lz4 Image.lzma Image.lzo Image.zst > > > +targets := Image Image.bz2 Image.gz Image.lz4 Image.lzma Image.lzo \ > > > + Image.zst image.fit > > > > > > $(obj)/Image: vmlinux FORCE > > > $(call if_changed,objcopy) > > > @@ -39,6 +40,9 @@ $(obj)/Image.lzo: $(obj)/Image FORCE > > > $(obj)/Image.zst: $(obj)/Image FORCE > > > $(call if_changed,zstd) > > > > > > +$(obj)/image.fit: $(obj)/Image FORCE > > > + $(call cmd,fit) > > > > > > > > The point for using dtbs-list is > > to avoid rebuilding image.fit needlessly. > > > > > > This should be: > > > > $(obj)/image.fit: $(obj)/Image $(obj)/dts/dtbs-list FORCE > > $(call if_changed,fit) > > > > > > > > > > > > > + > > > EFI_ZBOOT_PAYLOAD := Image > > > EFI_ZBOOT_BFD_TARGET := elf64-littleaarch64 > > > EFI_ZBOOT_MACH_TYPE := ARM64 > > > diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.lib b/scripts/Makefile.lib > > > index b35d39022a30..4efb5ad07fd7 100644 > > > --- a/scripts/Makefile.lib > > > +++ b/scripts/Makefile.lib > > > @@ -502,6 +502,22 @@ quiet_cmd_uimage = UIMAGE $@ > > > -a $(UIMAGE_LOADADDR) -e $(UIMAGE_ENTRYADDR) \ > > > -n '$(UIMAGE_NAME)' -d $< $@ > > > > > > +# Flat Image Tree (FIT) > > > +# This allows for packaging of a kernel and all devicetrees files, using > > > +# compression. > > > +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- > > > + > > > +MAKE_FIT := $(srctree)/scripts/make_fit.py > > > + > > > +# Use this to override the compression algorithm > > > +FIT_COMPRESSION ?= gzip > > > + > > > +quiet_cmd_fit = FIT $@ > > > + cmd_fit = $(MAKE_FIT) -f $@ --arch $(UIMAGE_ARCH) --os linux \ > > > + --name '$(UIMAGE_NAME)' \ > > > + --compress $(FIT_COMPRESSION) -k $< \ > > > + @arch/$(SRCARCH)/boot/dts/dtbs-list > > > > > > > > > > cmd_fit = $(MAKE_FIT) -f $@ --arch $(UIMAGE_ARCH) --os linux \ > > --name '$(UIMAGE_NAME)' \ > > --compress $(FIT_COMPRESSION) -k $< @$(word 2,$^) > > > > > > > > > > > > > + > > > # XZ > > > # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- > > > # Use xzkern to compress the kernel image and xzmisc to compress other things. > > > diff --git a/scripts/make_fit.py b/scripts/make_fit.py > > > new file mode 100755 > > > index 000000000000..69eee32960ae > > > --- /dev/null > > > +++ b/scripts/make_fit.py > > > @@ -0,0 +1,298 @@ > > > +#!/usr/bin/env python3 > > > +# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ > > > +# > > > +# Copyright 2024 Google LLC > > > +# Written by Simon Glass <sjg@xxxxxxxxxxxx> > > > +# > > > + > > > +"""Build a FIT containing a lot of devicetree files > > > + > > > +Usage: > > > + make_fit.py -A arm64 -n 'Linux-6.6' -O linux > > > + -f arch/arm64/boot/image.fit -k /tmp/kern/arch/arm64/boot/image.itk > > > + @arch/arm64/boot/dts/dtbs-list -E -c gzip > > > + > > > +Creates a FIT containing the supplied kernel and a set of devicetree files, > > > +either specified individually or listed in a file (with an '@' prefix). Files > > > +which don't end in '.dtb' are silently ignored. > > > > > > Why do you need to check the suffix? > > > > > > > > > + > > > +Use -E to generate an external FIT (where the data is placed after the > > > +FIT data structure). This allows parsing of the data without loading > > > +the entire FIT. > > > + > > > +Use -c to compress the data, using bzip2, gzip, lz4, lzma, lzo and > > > +zstd algorithms. > > > + > > > +The resulting FIT can be booted by bootloaders which support FIT, such > > > +as U-Boot, Linuxboot, Tianocore, etc. > > > + > > > +Note that this tool does not yet support adding a ramdisk / initrd. > > > +""" > > > + > > > +import argparse > > > +import collections > > > +import os > > > +import subprocess > > > +import sys > > > +import tempfile > > > +import time > > > + > > > +import libfdt > > > + > > > + > > > +# Tool extension and the name of the command-line tools > > > +CompTool = collections.namedtuple('CompTool', 'ext,tools') > > > + > > > +COMP_TOOLS = { > > > + 'bzip2': CompTool('.bz2', 'bzip2'), > > > + 'gzip': CompTool('.gz', 'pigz,gzip'), > > > + 'lz4': CompTool('.lz4', 'lz4'), > > > + 'lzma': CompTool('.lzma', 'lzma'), > > > + 'lzo': CompTool('.lzo', 'lzop'), > > > + 'zstd': CompTool('.zstd', 'zstd'), > > > +} > > > + > > > + > > > +def parse_args(): > > > + """Parse the program ArgumentParser > > > + > > > + Returns: > > > + Namespace object containing the arguments > > > + """ > > > + epilog = 'Build a FIT from a directory tree containing .dtb files' > > > + parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(epilog=epilog) > > > + parser.add_argument('-A', '--arch', type=str, required=True, > > > + help='Specifies the architecture') > > > + parser.add_argument('-c', '--compress', type=str, default='none', > > > + help='Specifies the compression') > > > + parser.add_argument('-E', '--external', action='store_true', > > > + help='Convert the FIT to use external data') > > > + parser.add_argument('-n', '--name', type=str, required=True, > > > + help='Specifies the name') > > > + parser.add_argument('-O', '--os', type=str, required=True, > > > + help='Specifies the operating system') > > > + parser.add_argument('-f', '--fit', type=str, required=True, > > > + help='Specifies the output file (.fit)') > > > > > > > > I like -o (--output) to specify the output file. > > > > > > > > parser.add_argument('-o', '--output', type=str, required=True, > > help='Specifies the output file (.fit)') > > > > > > > > > > > > > + parser.add_argument('-k', '--kernel', type=str, required=True, > > > + help='Specifies the (uncompressed) kernel input file (.itk)') > > > + parser.add_argument('srcdir', type=str, nargs='*', > > > + help='Specifies the directory tree that contains .dtb files') > > > > > > srcdir? > > > > You changed the positional parameters to take dtb files. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > + > > > + return parser.parse_args() > > > + > > > + > > > +def setup_fit(fsw, name): > > > + """Make a start on writing the FIT > > > + > > > + Outputs the root properties and the 'images' node > > > + > > > + Args: > > > + fsw (libfdt.FdtSw): Object to use for writing > > > + name (str): Name of kernel image > > > + """ > > > + fsw.INC_SIZE = 65536 > > > + fsw.finish_reservemap() > > > + fsw.begin_node('') > > > + fsw.property_string('description', f'{name} with devicetree set') > > > + fsw.property_u32('#address-cells', 1) > > > + > > > + fsw.property_u32('timestamp', int(time.time())) > > > + fsw.begin_node('images') > > > + > > > + > > > +def write_kernel(fsw, data, args): > > > + """Write out the kernel image > > > + > > > + Writes a kernel node along with the required properties > > > + > > > + Args: > > > + fsw (libfdt.FdtSw): Object to use for writing > > > + data (bytes): Data to write (possibly compressed) > > > + args (Namespace): Contains necessary strings: > > > + arch: FIT architecture, e.g. 'arm64' > > > + fit_os: Operating Systems, e.g. 'linux' > > > + name: Name of OS, e.g. 'Linux-6.6.0-rc7' > > > + compress: Compression algorithm to use, e.g. 'gzip' > > > + """ > > > + with fsw.add_node('kernel'): > > > + fsw.property_string('description', args.name) > > > + fsw.property_string('type', 'kernel_noload') > > > + fsw.property_string('arch', args.arch) > > > + fsw.property_string('os', args.os) > > > + fsw.property_string('compression', args.compress) > > > + fsw.property('data', data) > > > + fsw.property_u32('load', 0) > > > + fsw.property_u32('entry', 0) > > > + > > > + > > > +def finish_fit(fsw, entries): > > > + """Finish the FIT ready for use > > > + > > > + Writes the /configurations node and subnodes > > > + > > > + Args: > > > + fsw (libfdt.FdtSw): Object to use for writing > > > + entries (list of tuple): List of configurations: > > > + str: Description of model > > > + str: Compatible stringlist > > > + """ > > > + fsw.end_node() > > > + seq = 0 > > > + with fsw.add_node('configurations'): > > > + for model, compat in entries: > > > + seq += 1 > > > + with fsw.add_node(f'conf-{seq}'): > > > + fsw.property('compatible', bytes(compat)) > > > + fsw.property_string('description', model) > > > + fsw.property_string('fdt', f'fdt-{seq}') > > > + fsw.property_string('kernel', 'kernel') > > > + fsw.end_node() > > > + > > > + > > > +def compress_data(inf, compress): > > > + """Compress data using a selected algorithm > > > + > > > + Args: > > > + inf (IOBase): Filename containing the data to compress > > > + compress (str): Compression algorithm, e.g. 'gzip' > > > + > > > + Return: > > > + bytes: Compressed data > > > + """ > > > + if compress == 'none': > > > + return inf.read() > > > + > > > + comp = COMP_TOOLS.get(compress) > > > + if not comp: > > > + raise ValueError(f"Unknown compression algorithm '{compress}'") > > > + > > > + with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as comp_fname: > > > + with open(comp_fname.name, 'wb') as outf: > > > + done = False > > > + for tool in comp.tools.split(','): > > > + try: > > > + subprocess.call([tool, '-c'], stdin=inf, stdout=outf) > > > + done = True > > > + break > > > + except FileNotFoundError: > > > + pass > > > + if not done: > > > + raise ValueError(f'Missing tool(s): {comp.tools}\n') > > > + with open(comp_fname.name, 'rb') as compf: > > > + comp_data = compf.read() > > > + return comp_data > > > + > > > + > > > +def output_dtb(fsw, seq, fname, arch, compress): > > > + """Write out a single devicetree to the FIT > > > + > > > + Args: > > > + fsw (libfdt.FdtSw): Object to use for writing > > > + seq (int): Sequence number (1 for first) > > > + fmame (str): Filename containing the DTB > > > + arch: FIT architecture, e.g. 'arm64' > > > + compress (str): Compressed algorithm, e.g. 'gzip' > > > + > > > + Returns: > > > + tuple: > > > + str: Model name > > > + bytes: Compatible stringlist > > > + """ > > > + with fsw.add_node(f'fdt-{seq}'): > > > + # Get the compatible / model information > > > + with open(fname, 'rb') as inf: > > > + data = inf.read() > > > + fdt = libfdt.FdtRo(data) > > > + model = fdt.getprop(0, 'model').as_str() > > > + compat = fdt.getprop(0, 'compatible') > > > + > > > + fsw.property_string('description', model) > > > + fsw.property_string('type', 'flat_dt') > > > + fsw.property_string('arch', arch) > > > + fsw.property_string('compression', compress) > > > + fsw.property('compatible', bytes(compat)) > > > + > > > + with open(fname, 'rb') as inf: > > > + compressed = compress_data(inf, compress) > > > + fsw.property('data', compressed) > > > + return model, compat > > > + > > > + > > > +def build_fit(args): > > > + """Build the FIT from the provided files and arguments > > > + > > > + Args: > > > + args (Namespace): Program arguments > > > + > > > + Returns: > > > + tuple: > > > + bytes: FIT data > > > + int: Number of configurations generated > > > + size: Total uncompressed size of data > > > + """ > > > + def add_file(fname): > > > + nonlocal seq, size > > > + > > > + if os.path.splitext(fname)[1] == '.dtb': > > > + seq += 1 > > > + size += os.path.getsize(fname) > > > + model, compat = output_dtb(fsw, seq, fname, args.arch, > > > + args.compress) > > > + entries.append([model, compat]) > > > + return True > > > + > > > + seq = 0 > > > + size = 0 > > > + fsw = libfdt.FdtSw() > > > + setup_fit(fsw, args.name) > > > + entries = [] > > > + > > > + # Handle the kernel > > > + with open(args.kernel, 'rb') as inf: > > > + comp_data = compress_data(inf, args.compress) > > > + size += os.path.getsize(args.kernel) > > > + write_kernel(fsw, comp_data, args) > > > + > > > + for path in args.srcdir: > > > + # Handle a list of devicetree files > > > + if path.startswith('@'): > > > + with open(path[1:], 'r', encoding='utf-8') as inf: > > > + for fname in inf.read().splitlines(): > > > + add_file(fname) > > > > > > > > > > You missed the point of my suggestion. > > > > > > I did not mean the "@file" syntax > > specifically for containing the device trees. > > > > > > It is common for tools to support the "@file" syntax > > to avoid "Argument list too long" error. > > > > > > > > See "man ar", "man ld", etc. for example. > > > > > > @file > > Read command‐line options from file. The options read are inserted in > > place of the original @file option. If file does not exist, or cannot > > be read, then the option will be treated literally, and not removed. > > > > > > > > > > It must be generic enough to contain any command line parameters. > > > > > > And, you do not even implement it yourself because > > it is just a matter of adding fromfile_prefix_chars='@' > > > > > > See the document. > > > > https://docs.python.org/3/library/argparse.html#fromfile-prefix-chars > > > > > > > > > > > > > + else: > > > + add_file(path) > > > + > > > + finish_fit(fsw, entries) > > > + > > > + # Include the kernel itself in the returned file count > > > + return fsw.as_fdt().as_bytearray(), seq + 1, size > > > + > > > + > > > +def run_make_fit(): > > > + """Run the tool's main logic""" > > > + args = parse_args() > > > + > > > + out_data, count, size = build_fit(args) > > > + with open(args.fit, 'wb') as outf: > > > + outf.write(out_data) > > > + > > > + ext_fit_size = None > > > + if args.external: > > > + mkimage = os.environ.get('MKIMAGE', 'mkimage') > > > + subprocess.check_call([mkimage, '-E', '-F', args.fit], > > > + stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL) > > > + > > > + with open(args.fit, 'rb') as inf: > > > + data = inf.read() > > > + ext_fit = libfdt.FdtRo(data) > > > + ext_fit_size = ext_fit.totalsize() > > > > > > > > I still do not understand why mkimage is needed. > > > > > > When external data is used, you can insert "data-size" > > and "data-offset" to the dt structure, > > and at the same time, concatenate the payload data. > > Finally, you can combine the two. > > Is it complex to implement? > > Yes it is somewhat complex, since there are options like alignment and > the like which are implemented in that tool. So, do you mean you need to pass not only -E, -F but also more options to mkimage? > Is there a problem with > using the tool? After all, people are using it today and will be > expecting this script to use it, I believe. If we start adding mkimage > functionality here then we will have to maintain it in two places and > worry about whether they are consistent. Also if we want to support > signatures, etc. then it would be quite an undertaking to write all > that code again in Python. Not a problem, but I think it is unfortunate. I thought this script would be a standalone, self-contained tool to produce a FIT image. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > + > > > + comp_size = len(out_data) > > > + print(f'FIT size {comp_size:#x}/{comp_size / 1024 / 1024:.1f} MB', end='') > > > + if ext_fit_size: > > > + print(f', header {ext_fit_size:#x}/{ext_fit_size / 1024:.1f} KB', end='') > > > + print(f', {count} files, uncompressed {size / 1024 / 1024:.1f} MB') > > > > > > Maybe, you can print this only when args.verbose == True ? > > This and other comments seem OK to me and I will address them in v11. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > At last, I still do not know how to distinguish the nodes > > when the compatible strings are the same. > > It is like trying to distinguish two devices with the same compatible > string. Really, it should not be done. If you would like me to change > the script in some way, please suggest something. I cannot suggest anything at this moment. I believe we need a way to distinguish two devices, but I do not see any consensus. -- Best Regards Masahiro Yamada
