Hi Masahiro, My distribution recently updated their version of make to 4.4 from 4.3, after which I notice the following error from nm when building ARCH=arm kernels, which I thought that this was supposed to be resolved with commit 3ec8a5b33dea ("kbuild: do not export LDFLAGS_vmlinux") but the tree clearly has this and it is not visible while just running clean (I have to build zImage to see it): $ git show -s --format='%h ("%s")' 512dee0c00ad ("Merge tag 'x86-urgent-2023-01-04' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip") $ make --version | head -1 GNU Make 4.4 $ make -skj"$(nproc)" ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- O=build defconfig zImage arm-linux-gnueabi-nm: 'arch/arm/boot/compressed/../../../../vmlinux': No such file vs. $ make --version | head -1 GNU Make 4.3 $ make -skj"$(nproc)" ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- O=build defconfig zImage I bisected make to see what change causes this and I landed on commit 98da874c ("[SV 10593] Export variables to $(shell ...) commands") [1], which certainly seems like a reasonable commit to blame but I am not sure how exactly it factors in here. If you need any more information on reproducing this, I am happy to provide it (CROSS_COMPILE is just the toolchains from kernel.org). [1]: https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/make.git/commit/?id=98da874c43035a490cdca81331724f233a3d0c9a Cheers, Nathan