Hi Joe, sorry for late reply. > I couldn't find the upstream patch post for 1d2ad084800e ("s390/nospec: > add an option to use thunk-extern"), so replying off-list here. Feel > free to cc the appropriate list. > > Regarding this change, as I understand it, when CONFIG_EXPOLINE_EXTERN=y > out-of-tree kernel modules will need to link against > arch/s390x/lib/expoline.o, right? > > And if so, shouldn't the top level 'prepare_modules' target create > expoline.o for this purpose? Thanks for bringing this up. I definitely missed out-of-tree kernel modules build case without a prebuilt kernel. On the other hand this post-linking trick is a rip off from powerpc: KBUILD_LDFLAGS_MODULE += arch/powerpc/lib/crtsavres.o So, now I wonder why powerpc doesn't have crtsavres.o in 'prepare_modules'. Anyhow, below is couple of patches to consider. The first one is meant to be backportable, as the second one requires 4efd417f298b. I had to move expoline.S to a separate directory to be able to call into its Makefile for 'prepare_modules' and avoid warnings for other targets defined in the same Makefile. Not sure if there are better kbuild tricks I could use. Another option I thought about is to keep expoline.S where it is and add a condition into that Makefile: expoline_prepare: prepare0 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=arch/s390/lib expoline_prepare=1 arch/s390/lib/expoline.o arch/s390/lib/Makefile: # first target defined obj-$(CONFIG_EXPOLINE_EXTERN) += expoline.o ifndef expoline_prepare # ...other targets... Vasily Gorbik (2): s390/nospec: build expoline.o for modules_prepare target s390/nospec: remove unneeded header includes arch/s390/Makefile | 8 +++++++- arch/s390/include/asm/nospec-insn.h | 2 -- arch/s390/lib/Makefile | 3 ++- arch/s390/lib/expoline/Makefile | 3 +++ arch/s390/lib/{ => expoline}/expoline.S | 0 5 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) create mode 100644 arch/s390/lib/expoline/Makefile rename arch/s390/lib/{ => expoline}/expoline.S (100%) -- 2.35.1