Hi Linus. > But the reason for this email to you is simply to ask whether you > use/have any tools for seeing these kinds of deep include chains. Not exactly what you ask for - but we have make V=2 Example: $ touch include/uapi/linux/elf-em.h $ make V=2 CALL scripts/checksyscalls.sh - due to target missing DESCEND objtool CC init/main.o - due to: include/uapi/linux/elf-em.h CHK include/generated/compile.h CC init/version.o - due to: include/uapi/linux/elf-em.h CC init/do_mounts.o - due to: include/uapi/linux/elf-em.h CC init/do_mounts_initrd.o - due to: include/uapi/linux/elf-em.h CC init/do_mounts_md.o - due to: include/uapi/linux/elf-em.h ... With V=2 kbuild will try to tell you why a target is rebuild. This can sometimes be useful. Here kbuild will tell you: - due to: include/uapi/linux/elf-em.h Which may be a good clue. But you need to figure out yourself why a certain file depends on include/uapi/linux/elf-em.h One way is to look at the .cmd file for a target: $ cat init/.do_mounts_md.o.cmd ... include/linux/module.h \ $(wildcard include/config/modules/tree/lookup.h) \ $(wildcard include/config/module/sig.h) \ $(wildcard include/config/module/unload.h) \ $(wildcard include/config/constructors.h) \ $(wildcard include/config/function/error/injection.h) \ include/linux/kmod.h \ include/linux/umh.h \ include/linux/elf.h \ arch/x86/include/asm/elf.h \ arch/x86/include/asm/user.h \ arch/x86/include/asm/user_64.h \ arch/x86/include/asm/fsgsbase.h \ arch/x86/include/asm/msr-index.h \ arch/x86/include/asm/vdso.h \ $(wildcard include/config/x86/x32.h) \ include/uapi/linux/elf.h \ include/uapi/linux/elf-em.h \ ... In the above all the $(wildcard ...) is the CONFIG_ symbols in the files that trigger a possible dependency on a file representing the CONFIG_ symbol. We can see that the target depends on elf-em.h and if we follow it back we end up with module.h included from do_mounts_md.c Sam