On Fri, 14 Jul 2017 12:33:02 +0200 Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@xxxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote: > On 14.07.2017 11:40, Lars-Peter Clausen wrote: > > On 07/14/2017 11:00 AM, Guenter Roeck wrote: > >> On 07/14/2017 01:07 AM, Jonathan Cameron wrote: > >>> On Wed, 12 Jul 2017 15:19:40 +0200 > >>> Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@xxxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote: > >>> > >>>> On Wed, 12 Jul 2017 14:51:01 +0200 > >>>> Greg KH <gregkh@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote: > >>>> > >>>>> On Wed, Jul 12, 2017 at 02:18:54PM +0200, Christian Gromm wrote: > >>>>>> > >>>>>> Hi, > >>>>>> > >>>>>> Microchip is planning to introduce a driver for a new companion > >>>>>> chip series capable of electical energy measurement. However, we > >>>>>> are not sure which location in the source tree is the most > >>>>>> suitable. First thought was to put it into /drivers/powercap. But > >>>>>> now we are in discussions whether it would make even more sense to > >>>>>> introduce a new driver for electrical energy measuring or > >>>>>> monitoring. > >>>>> > >>>>> Why not just have it be an IIO device, I think they have energy > >>>>> sensors already (adding the iio mailing list to find out...) > >>>> > >>>> We thought about hwmon, but not IIO. > >>>> > >>>>> > >>>>>> > >>>>>> Following is a rough overview of the part we want the driver for. > >>>>>> Any input on this will be appreciated. > >>>>>> > >>>>>> thanks, > >>>>>> Chris > >>>>>> > >>>>>> === Introduction > >>>>>> > >>>>>> Following the recent focus on low-power systems, Microchip has > >>>>>> designed a companion chip series capable of measuring the > >>>>>> electrical energy flow of an electrical system. The series in > >>>>>> question, EM Chip is capable of measuring the energy flow (in or > >>>>>> out) of an electrical system by monitoring one or more power > >>>>>> rails. The 1st chip of the series, EM Chip is able to measure the > >>>>>> net energy flow over 4 different power rails. The chip itself is a > >>>>>> small QFN16 (4mm x 4mm x 0.5mm) or WLCSP16 (2.25mm x 2.2mm) package. > >>>>>> > >>>>>> === Theory of Operation > >>>>>> > >>>>>> In order to measure the amount of energy entering/exiting a system, > >>>>>> a small shunt resistor is interleaved on a power rail. By measuring > >>>>>> the small voltage drop across the shunt resistor (a known value), > >>>>>> the electrical current is measured. > >>>>>> > >>>>>> I = U/R > >>>>>> > >>>>>> Depending on whether the system is consuming or producing energy, > >>>>>> the measured current value can be either a positive or negative > >>>>>> number. > >>>>>> > >>>>>> To get the instantaneous power figure we will have to measure the > >>>>>> power rail’s voltage and multiply it with the measured value for > >>>>>> the current > >>>>>> > >>>>>> P = V * I = V * U_shunt/R > >>>>>> > >>>>>> Knowing the instantaneous power and by making a high enough sample > >>>>>> rate (for measuring the current and the power rail voltage), we can > >>>>>> assume the measured value for power is equal to the average power > >>>>>> figure for the amount of time between 2 sampling moments. > >>>>>> > >>>>>> Now that we also know the average power for a given time interval > >>>>>> (dt_x = time between 2 sampling moments; sampling speed is known), > >>>>>> we can measure the energy amount entering or exiting the system > >>>>>> between 2 sampling moments > >>>>>> > >>>>>> E_partial_x = P * dt_x > >>>>>> > >>>>>> Having the energy information available, we can continue to add the > >>>>>> subsequent energy values for as long as the system is active. The > >>>>>> amount of energy is the sum of all the partial energy values > >>>>>> measured for each time interval E = Sum (E_partial_x), where x can > >>>>>> take values from 0 till infinite. > >>>>>> > >>>>>> > >>>>>> === Chip Operation > >>>>>> > >>>>>> The EM Chip chip uses the same principles of operation as presented > >>>>>> in the “Theory of Operation” and it does so for a number of 4 > >>>>>> channels. 4 independent power rails can be energy monitored in the > >>>>>> same time. The chip is controlled over I2C/SMBus by an I2C/SMBus > >>>>>> master. > >>>>>> > >>>>>> In order to reduce the amount of information traffic between the EM > >>>>>> Chip and the entity asking for its information, the chip features > >>>>>> large accumulator energy registers for the accumulated energy > >>>>>> values. It can accumulate up to 2^24 power values. Depending on the > >>>>>> selected chip’s sampling speed, such a number of samples are > >>>>>> produced in about 4.5 hours (fastest sampling speed) up to 582.5 > >>>>>> hours or more than 24 days (lowest sampling speed). > >>>>>> > >>>>>> EM Chip measures the power as a 28-bits number. The 28-bits number > >>>>>> is the multiplication result of the 16-bits number used to measure > >>>>>> the power rail voltage and the 12-bits number used for measuring > >>>>>> the voltage drop across the power rail shunt resistor. > >>>>>> > >>>>>> If bidirectional energy flow is required, the power is measured as a > >>>>>> 27-bits number and 1 bit for the sign. When no bidirectional flow is > >>>>>> needed, the power value is measured as an unsigned 28-bits number. > >>>>>> > >>>>>> Due to the relatively large size of the accumulated energy > >>>>>> registers inside the chip (48 bits), in the worst case scenario > >>>>>> (power values are full scale numbers), a number of 2^20 full-scale > >>>>>> power values can be measured before energy register’s overflow. > >>>>>> Using the fastest sampling speed, the accumulated energy registers > >>>>>> overflows only after a bit over 17 minutes, while at the lowest > >>>>>> sampling speed, it would overflow in over 36 hours. > >>>>>> > >>>>>> Thus, the chip requires infrequent reads of the accumulated energy > >>>>>> registers. Even in the worst case scenario, the time between 2 > >>>>>> consecutive energy accumulator reads can be over 17 minutes ! > >>>>>> > >>>>>> In order to keep a longer history of energy measurements, an > >>>>>> I2C/SMBus master (e.g. SoC) would read the accumulated energy > >>>>>> register values and then use larger “soft” accumulated energy > >>>>>> registers to extend the maximum overflow period. > >>>>>> > >>>>>> The EM Chip chip can monitor rails up to 32V. It can monitor the > >>>>>> energy amounts used by various sub-components of a system (e.g. > >>>>>> CPU, GPU, memory, hard-drives, USB ports, backlight, wireless > >>>>>> adapters, cameras, displays, …) > >>>>>> > >>>>>> EM Chip is able to start operating immediately after power-up with > >>>>>> no CPU intervention at all. Such a feature is useful, because it > >>>>>> can show the amount of energy consumed by a system before the > >>>>>> latter finished booting its operating system. > >>>>>> > >>>>>> The chip’s own current draw is around 20uA (in low-power mode, > >>>>>> lowest sampling speed - 8 samples/sec) to 675uA (for the highest > >>>>>> sampling speed - 1024 samples/sec) > >>>>>> > >>>>>> When operated in low-power mode, it can be used to monitor the > >>>>>> stand-by energy draw of the system. As an example, such a mode is > >>>>>> useful when a system is suspended to RAM or to measure the energy > >>>>>> usage from the power on till the booting process is finished. > >>>>>> > >>>>>> === Linux Driver > >>>>>> > >>>>>> While the chip is due to be publicly released in Q3 2017, a > >>>>>> selected number of PC OEM manufacturers will include one or more EM > >>>>>> Chip chips on their systems. We would like to include a driver for > >>>>>> EM Chip chip and its follow-up products, such that Linux Kernel > >>>>>> will be able to provide the energy information as soon as computing > >>>>>> systems using this series of chips will become available. > >>>>>> > >>>>>> By providing accurate energy measurements, the computing systems > >>>>>> along with their operating systems will be able to run more > >>>>>> efficiently. > >>>>> > >>>>> > >>>>> Do you have any kernel code already to show how this will get hooked > >>>>> up to the device? Do you need device tree bindings for the sensors, > >>>>> or are they on a discoverable bus? > >>>> > >>>> No, I don't. I wanted to bring this up on the mailing list first, > >>>> before I get started. > >>>> Sensors are attached via I2C. > >>> > >>> Sure, I don't blame you having myself gone through several subsystems with > >>> a driver in the past! > >>> > >>> As Greg mentioned there are existing IIO drivers doing similar power > >>> measurements. So yes, a driver for such a part would be welcome. > >>> > >>> I can see we may be 'straining' some of the interfaces a bit for those > >>> 48 bit values, but we can probably do something simple using the > >>> two 32 bit values available from a raw read in IIO. > >>> > >>> Going to get awkward the first time we get a 65+ bit device though. > >>> There goes my assumptions again :( > >>> > >>> Anyhow, nice sounding part so looking forward to seeing some code when > >>> you are ready. > >>> > >>> Note we do have additional energy drivers still in staging (dating back > >>> to the early days of IIO) but those are 3 phase units so not so relevant > >>> (and their interfaces need some work which is why they are still in > >>> staging). > >>> > >>> The adc/ina2xx_adc.c driver is probably a better place to start. > >>> > >>> Hmm. The only thing that makes me doubt IIO as the obvious place is > >>> that the focus is clearly on PC energy monitoring. Now you can bridge > >>> IIO to hwmon but I'd like a bit of input from Guenter on > >>> whether that is a sensible approach here. > >>> > >> > >> I don't think I have enough information for a sensible answer. What > >> else besides raw energy measurement do the chips support ? Do they have > >> limits / alarms ? Do they measure voltage and current as well ? > >> If not, iio would be the better place. If the chips support PMBus > >> (which would make sense, but it doesn't sound like it), hwmon would > >> obviously be better, since it already has the necessary infrastructure. > > > > There is also some precedence for these kinds of devices in the power-supply > > framework. E.g. the LTC2941 and similar work in a similar way to whats > > described above > > (https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/drivers/power/supply/ltc2941-battery-gauge.c > > http://cds.linear.com/docs/en/datasheet/2941fb.pdf). Isn't it lovely to have > > so much choice? > > > > We already know from customers that USB-C net energy measurement > (in and out) is also an aimed target of operation for the chip. > > So, we really don't know where it fits best. > And yes it is lovely to have so much choice and he who has a > choice, has the doldrums. > > thanks, > Chris My gut feeling is IIO and bridge to other subsystems as needed. J -- To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-iio" in the body of a message to majordomo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html
