Re: [PATCH] USB: ftdi_sio: add GPIO support

[Johan Hovold <johan@xxxxxxxxxx>]

On Mon, Jun 09, 2014 at 03:21:55PM +0200, Sascha Silbe wrote:
> Most FTDI USB serial / parallel adapter chips support an asynchronous
> "bitbang" mode. Make this functionality available as a GPIO controller
> so they can be used with the Linux GPIO API instead of requiring
> special user space software that only works with this particular
> family of chips.

Finally a patch that implements this using gpiolib rather than driver-
specific ioctl or sysfs-entries. :)

> The chips can operate either in regular or in bitbang mode.

Ok, so we're not extending the serial driver with support for
controlling some unused pins (e.g. CBUS) but rather implementing support
for a mutually exclusive mode.

Given that these pins will always be configured as regular UART pins at
power-on and what you mention below about toggling, I'm a bit sceptic
about how useful this device will be as a gpio controller. I also
understand there's already support for this in libftdi?

Would this patch interfere with adding support for using the CBUS pins
as GPIOs while operating in normal UART mode?

> Care was taken to prevent using GPIOs if the serial device is in use
> and vice versa.

There are still some issues related to this that need to be addressed,
see comments below.

> At least the FT245RL will toggle several of its pins multiple times
> during initialisation (even if connected to a dumb USB power supply,
> so not a driver issue). Using synchronous bitbang mode might help
> coping with this if the hardware connected to the FTDI chip supports
> it. However, as synchronous mode isn't supported by the hardware used
> for testing (SainSmart 8-channel USB relay card) and is not as
> straightforward to use (reading the inputs requires the outputs to be
> written first) it's left as a potential future enhancement.
> 
> Serial mode and GPIO mode were tested on FT232RL using a simple
> loopback setup (TXD connected to RXD). In addition, GPIO output mode
> was tested on FT245RL (8 channels).
> 
> Signed-off-by: Sascha Silbe <x-linux@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
> ---
> Is making the GPIO support conditional on CONFIG_GPIOLIB enough or
> should I introduce a new configuration option USB_SERIAL_FTDI_SIO_GPIO
> that depends on CONFIG_GPIOLIB?

A new option seems appropriate.

> Signed-off-by: Sascha Silbe <x-linux@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx>

Second Signed-off-by?

> ---
>  drivers/usb/serial/ftdi_sio.c | 264 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
>  drivers/usb/serial/ftdi_sio.h |  26 +++++
>  2 files changed, 289 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/usb/serial/ftdi_sio.c b/drivers/usb/serial/ftdi_sio.c
> index edf3b12..92f5c14 100644
> --- a/drivers/usb/serial/ftdi_sio.c
> +++ b/drivers/usb/serial/ftdi_sio.c
> @@ -33,6 +33,9 @@
>  
>  #include <linux/kernel.h>
>  #include <linux/errno.h>
> +#ifdef CONFIG_GPIOLIB
> +#include <linux/gpio.h>
> +#endif
>  #include <linux/slab.h>
>  #include <linux/tty.h>
>  #include <linux/tty_driver.h>
> @@ -53,6 +56,7 @@
>  
>  struct ftdi_private {
>  	enum ftdi_chip_type chip_type;
> +	struct usb_serial_port *port;
>  				/* type of device, either SIO or FT8U232AM */
>  	int baud_base;		/* baud base clock for divisor setting */
>  	int custom_divisor;	/* custom_divisor kludge, this is for
> @@ -77,6 +81,15 @@ struct ftdi_private {
>  	unsigned int latency;		/* latency setting in use */
>  	unsigned short max_packet_size;
>  	struct mutex cfg_lock; /* Avoid mess by parallel calls of config ioctl() and change_speed() */
> +#ifdef CONFIG_GPIOLIB
> +	struct gpio_chip gc;
> +	bool serial_open;
> +	unsigned char open_gpios;
> +	unsigned int bitmode;
> +	unsigned char gpio_direction; /* data direction in bitbang
> +				       * mode, 0=in / 1=out */

Can you shorten the comment to just the essential /* 0=in / 1=out */?

> +	unsigned char gpo_values; /* GPIO output values */
> +#endif
>  };
>  
>  /* struct ftdi_sio_quirk is used by devices requiring special attention. */
> @@ -973,6 +986,7 @@ static int  ftdi_sio_probe(struct usb_serial *serial,
>  static int  ftdi_sio_port_probe(struct usb_serial_port *port);
>  static int  ftdi_sio_port_remove(struct usb_serial_port *port);
>  static int  ftdi_open(struct tty_struct *tty, struct usb_serial_port *port);
> +static void ftdi_close(struct usb_serial_port *port);
>  static void ftdi_dtr_rts(struct usb_serial_port *port, int on);
>  static void ftdi_process_read_urb(struct urb *urb);
>  static int ftdi_prepare_write_buffer(struct usb_serial_port *port,
> @@ -996,6 +1010,15 @@ static __u32 ftdi_232bm_baud_to_divisor(int baud);
>  static __u32 ftdi_2232h_baud_base_to_divisor(int baud, int base);
>  static __u32 ftdi_2232h_baud_to_divisor(int baud);
>  
> +#ifdef CONFIG_GPIOLIB
> +static int ftdi_gpio_get(struct gpio_chip *gc, unsigned int gpio);
> +static void ftdi_gpio_set(struct gpio_chip *gc, unsigned int gpio, int val);
> +static int ftdi_gpio_dir_in(struct gpio_chip *gc, unsigned int gpio);
> +static int ftdi_gpio_dir_out(struct gpio_chip *gc, unsigned int gpio, int val);
> +static int ftdi_gpio_request(struct gpio_chip *chip, unsigned offset);
> +static void ftdi_gpio_free(struct gpio_chip *chip, unsigned offset);
> +#endif
> +
>  static struct usb_serial_driver ftdi_sio_device = {
>  	.driver = {
>  		.owner =	THIS_MODULE,
> @@ -1010,6 +1033,7 @@ static struct usb_serial_driver ftdi_sio_device = {
>  	.port_probe =		ftdi_sio_port_probe,
>  	.port_remove =		ftdi_sio_port_remove,
>  	.open =			ftdi_open,
> +	.close =			ftdi_close,

Why the odd indentation?

>  	.dtr_rts =		ftdi_dtr_rts,
>  	.throttle =		usb_serial_generic_throttle,
>  	.unthrottle =		usb_serial_generic_unthrottle,
> @@ -1379,6 +1403,59 @@ static int read_latency_timer(struct usb_serial_port *port)
>  	return rv;
>  }
>  
> +#ifdef CONFIG_GPIOLIB
> +static int write_bitmode(struct usb_serial_port *port)
> +{
> +	struct ftdi_private *priv = usb_get_serial_port_data(port);
> +	struct usb_device *udev = port->serial->dev;
> +	int rv;
> +	int bitmode = priv->bitmode;
> +	int gpio_direction = priv->gpio_direction;

Use a unsigned types here.

> +
> +	dev_dbg(&port->dev, "%s: setting bitmode = %i, direction = %i\n",
> +		__func__, bitmode, gpio_direction);

And %02x here (and '-' instead of ':' for consistency?)

> +
> +	rv = usb_control_msg(udev,
> +			     usb_sndctrlpipe(udev, 0),
> +			     FTDI_SIO_SET_BITMODE_REQUEST,
> +			     FTDI_SIO_SET_BITMODE_REQUEST_TYPE,
> +			     gpio_direction | bitmode, priv->interface,
> +			     NULL, 0, WDR_TIMEOUT);
> +	if (rv < 0)
> +		dev_err(&port->dev, "Unable to write bitmode: %i\n", rv);
> +	return rv;
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Returns the GPIO pin values, or negative error code.
> + */
> +static int read_pins(struct usb_serial_port *port)
> +{
> +	struct ftdi_private *priv = usb_get_serial_port_data(port);
> +	struct usb_device *udev = port->serial->dev;
> +	unsigned char *buf;
> +	unsigned char pin_states;
> +	int rv;
> +
> +	buf = kmalloc(1, GFP_KERNEL);
> +	if (!buf)
> +		return -ENOMEM;
> +
> +	rv = usb_control_msg(udev,
> +			     usb_rcvctrlpipe(udev, 0),
> +			     FTDI_SIO_READ_PINS_REQUEST,
> +			     FTDI_SIO_READ_PINS_REQUEST_TYPE,
> +			     0, priv->interface,
> +			     buf, 1, WDR_TIMEOUT);
> +	if (rv < 0)
> +		dev_err(&port->dev, "Unable to read pins: %i\n", rv);
> +
> +	pin_states = buf[0];
> +	kfree(buf);
> +	return (rv < 0) ? rv : pin_states;

Please try to avoid using ?: constructs.

> +}
> +#endif
> +
>  static int get_serial_info(struct usb_serial_port *port,
>  				struct serial_struct __user *retinfo)
>  {
> @@ -1731,7 +1808,7 @@ static int ftdi_sio_port_probe(struct usb_serial_port *port)
>  {
>  	struct ftdi_private *priv;
>  	struct ftdi_sio_quirk *quirk = usb_get_serial_data(port->serial);
> -
> +	int error;
>  
>  	priv = kzalloc(sizeof(struct ftdi_private), GFP_KERNEL);
>  	if (!priv)
> @@ -1752,6 +1829,57 @@ static int ftdi_sio_port_probe(struct usb_serial_port *port)
>  		priv->latency = 16;
>  	write_latency_timer(port);
>  	create_sysfs_attrs(port);
> +
> +#ifdef CONFIG_GPIOLIB
> +	priv->serial_open = false;
> +	priv->gpo_values = 0;
> +	priv->gpio_direction = 0;
> +	priv->open_gpios = 0;

No need to initialise these.

> +	priv->port = port;
> +	priv->gc.owner = THIS_MODULE;
> +	priv->gc.direction_input = ftdi_gpio_dir_in;
> +	priv->gc.direction_output = ftdi_gpio_dir_out;
> +	priv->gc.get = ftdi_gpio_get;
> +	priv->gc.set = ftdi_gpio_set;
> +	priv->gc.request = ftdi_gpio_request;
> +	priv->gc.free = ftdi_gpio_free;
> +	priv->gc.can_sleep = true;
> +	priv->gc.base = -1;
> +	switch (priv->chip_type) {
> +	case SIO:
> +	case FT8U232AM:
> +		priv->gc.ngpio = 0;
> +		break;
> +	case FT232BM:
> +	case FT2232C:
> +	case FT232RL:
> +	case FT2232H:
> +	case FT4232H:
> +	case FT232H:
> +		priv->gc.ngpio = 8;
> +		break;
> +	case FTX:
> +		/* 8 on FT231X and FT240X, but only 4 on FT230X and
> +		 * FT234XD. We don't know of any way to distinguish
> +		 * these chips, so we use the higher value. */
> +		priv->gc.ngpio = 8;
> +		break;

How about a default case?

> +	}
> +	priv->gc.dev = &port->dev;
> +	priv->gc.label = dev_name(&port->dev);
> +
> +	dev_dbg(&port->dev, "ngpio=%d\n", priv->gc.ngpio);

Add "%s -"..., __func__ for consistency?

> +	if (!priv->gc.ngpio)
> +		return 0;
> +
> +	error = gpiochip_add(&priv->gc);
> +	if (error) {
> +		dev_err(&port->dev, "ftdi_sio: Failed to register GPIOs\n");

Drop the ftdi_sio prefix.

> +		/* We can still use it as a serial port. Just mark the
> +		 * GPIOs as unused for ftdi_sio_port_remove(). */

Comment style should be

	/*
	 * ...
	 */

> +		priv->gc.ngpio = 0;
> +	}
> +#endif
>  	return 0;
>  }
>  
> @@ -1881,7 +2009,15 @@ static int ftdi_mtxorb_hack_setup(struct usb_serial *serial)
>  static int ftdi_sio_port_remove(struct usb_serial_port *port)
>  {
>  	struct ftdi_private *priv = usb_get_serial_port_data(port);
> +	int error;

Here we'd get a compiler warning if !CONFIG_GPIOLIB.

>  
> +#ifdef CONFIG_GPIOLIB
> +	if (priv->gc.ngpio) {
> +		error = gpiochip_remove(&priv->gc);
> +		if (error)
> +			return error;

Wow, you don't want to be returning on errors or you'll be leaking
memory.

Please add a warning here too.

Have you tested your code when disconnected the device? I noticed that
disconnecting while having gpios requested leaves lingering sysfs
entries.

> +	}
> +#endif
>  	remove_sysfs_attrs(port);
>  
>  	kfree(priv);
> @@ -1893,6 +2029,19 @@ static int ftdi_open(struct tty_struct *tty, struct usb_serial_port *port)
>  {
>  	struct usb_device *dev = port->serial->dev;
>  	struct ftdi_private *priv = usb_get_serial_port_data(port);
> +	int error;

Compiler warning again.

Please try building you code without CONFIG_GPIOLIB.

> +
> +#ifdef CONFIG_GPIOLIB
> +	if (priv->open_gpios)
> +		return -ENXIO;

You need to check this while holding cfg_lock to avoid racing with
ftdi_gpio_request.

And you should add a dedicated gpio_lock rather than reuse cfg_lock.

As Alan already mentioned, -EBUSY might be better.

> +
> +	mutex_lock(&priv->cfg_lock);
> +	priv->bitmode = FTDI_SIO_SET_BITMODE_RESET;

How about only updating the bitmode if it has actually changed?

> +	error = write_bitmode(port);
> +	mutex_unlock(&priv->cfg_lock);
> +	if (error)
> +		return -EIO;
> +#endif
>  
>  	/* No error checking for this (will get errors later anyway) */
>  	/* See ftdi_sio.h for description of what is reset */
> @@ -1909,9 +2058,20 @@ static int ftdi_open(struct tty_struct *tty, struct usb_serial_port *port)
>  	if (tty)
>  		ftdi_set_termios(tty, port, NULL);
>  
> +#ifdef CONFIG_GPIOLIB
> +	priv->serial_open = true;
> +#endif
>  	return usb_serial_generic_open(tty, port);

What if generic open fails?

>  }
>  
> +static void ftdi_close(struct usb_serial_port *port)
> +{
> +	struct ftdi_private *priv = usb_get_serial_port_data(port);
> +
> +	priv->serial_open = false;
> +	usb_serial_generic_close(port);

You must clear the open flag after generic close returns.

> +}
> +
>  static void ftdi_dtr_rts(struct usb_serial_port *port, int on)
>  {
>  	struct ftdi_private *priv = usb_get_serial_port_data(port);
> @@ -2452,6 +2612,108 @@ static int ftdi_ioctl(struct tty_struct *tty,
>  	return -ENOIOCTLCMD;
>  }
>  
> +#ifdef CONFIG_GPIOLIB
> +static inline struct ftdi_private *gc_to_ftdi_private(struct gpio_chip *gc)
> +{
> +	return container_of(gc, struct ftdi_private, gc);
> +}
> +
> +static int ftdi_gpio_get(struct gpio_chip *gc, unsigned int gpio)
> +{
> +	struct ftdi_private *priv = gc_to_ftdi_private(gc);
> +	struct usb_serial_port *port = priv->port;
> +	int value = read_pins(priv->port);

Separate definitions from code using a newline and also split
definitions and non-trivial initialisations (i.e. read_pins).

> +	dev_dbg(&port->dev, "%s - value=%d\n", __func__, value);
> +	if (value < 0)
> +		return value;
> +	return (value & (1 << gpio)) ? 1 : 0;
> +}
> +
> +static void ftdi_gpio_set(struct gpio_chip *gc, unsigned int gpio, int val)
> +{
> +	struct ftdi_private *priv = gc_to_ftdi_private(gc);
> +	struct usb_serial_port *port = priv->port;
> +	struct tty_struct *tty = tty_port_tty_get(&port->port);

tty_port_tty_get can fail and you also must put the reference when
you're done with it.

Again, split definition and non-trivial initialisation.

> +	struct device *dev = &port->dev;
> +	int sent;
> +
> +	mutex_lock(&priv->cfg_lock);
> +	if (val)
> +		priv->gpo_values |= 1 << gpio;
> +	else
> +		priv->gpo_values &= ~(1 << gpio);
> +	dev_dbg(dev, "%s - gpo_values=%d\n", __func__, priv->gpo_values);

Use %02x, and please add spaces around '='.

> +	sent = port->serial->type->write(tty, port, &(priv->gpo_values), 1);
> +	mutex_unlock(&priv->cfg_lock);
> +	if (sent < 1)
> +		dev_err(dev, "error %d setting outputs (ignored)\n", sent);

Please rephrase as "error setting outputs: %d\n".

> +}
> +
> +static int ftdi_gpio_dir_in(struct gpio_chip *gc, unsigned int gpio)
> +{
> +	struct ftdi_private *priv = gc_to_ftdi_private(gc);
> +	struct usb_serial_port *port = priv->port;
> +	struct device *dev = &port->dev;
> +	int error;
> +
> +	mutex_lock(&priv->cfg_lock);
> +	priv->gpio_direction &= ~(1 << gpio);
> +	dev_dbg(dev, "%s - direction=%d\n", __func__, priv->gpio_direction);
> +	error = write_bitmode(priv->port);
> +	mutex_unlock(&priv->cfg_lock);
> +	dev_dbg(dev, "%s - error=%d\n", __func__, error);
> +	return error ? -EIO : 0;

Please add some new lines, for example, after unlocking and before
returning to increase readability.

> +}
> +
> +static int ftdi_gpio_dir_out(struct gpio_chip *gc, unsigned int gpio, int val)
> +{
> +	struct ftdi_private *priv = gc_to_ftdi_private(gc);
> +	struct usb_serial_port *port = priv->port;
> +	struct device *dev = &port->dev;
> +	int error;
> +
> +	gc->set(gc, gpio, val);
> +	mutex_lock(&priv->cfg_lock);
> +	priv->gpio_direction |= (1 << gpio);
> +	dev_dbg(dev, "%s - direction=%d\n", __func__, priv->gpio_direction);

%02x

> +	error = write_bitmode(priv->port);
> +	mutex_unlock(&priv->cfg_lock);
> +	dev_dbg(dev, "%s - error=%d\n", __func__, error);
> +	return error ? -EIO : 0;

Same here (and throughout).

> +}
> +
> +static int ftdi_gpio_request(struct gpio_chip *gc, unsigned offset)
> +{
> +	struct ftdi_private *priv = gc_to_ftdi_private(gc);
> +	struct usb_serial_port *port = priv->port;
> +	int error;
> +
> +	if (priv->serial_open)
> +		return -ENXIO;

What if you get a concurrent open request here?

> +
> +	mutex_lock(&priv->cfg_lock);
> +	priv->bitmode = FTDI_SIO_SET_BITMODE_BITBANG;

Only update if bitmode has changed.

> +	error = write_bitmode(priv->port);
> +	if (!error)
> +		priv->open_gpios |= 1 << offset;
> +	dev_dbg(&port->dev, "%s - open_gpios=%d\n", __func__, priv->open_gpios);

%02x

> +	mutex_unlock(&priv->cfg_lock);
> +	dev_dbg(&port->dev, "%s - error=%d\n", __func__, error);
> +	return error ? -EIO : 0;
> +}
> +
> +static void ftdi_gpio_free(struct gpio_chip *gc, unsigned offset)
> +{
> +	struct ftdi_private *priv = gc_to_ftdi_private(gc);
> +	struct usb_serial_port *port = priv->port;
> +
> +	mutex_lock(&priv->cfg_lock);
> +	priv->open_gpios &= ~(1 << offset);
> +	dev_dbg(&port->dev, "%s - open_gpios=%d\n", __func__, priv->open_gpios);

%02x

> +	mutex_unlock(&priv->cfg_lock);
> +}
> +#endif
> +
>  module_usb_serial_driver(serial_drivers, id_table_combined);
>  
>  MODULE_AUTHOR(DRIVER_AUTHOR);
> diff --git a/drivers/usb/serial/ftdi_sio.h b/drivers/usb/serial/ftdi_sio.h
> index ed58c6f..53ea96d 100644
> --- a/drivers/usb/serial/ftdi_sio.h
> +++ b/drivers/usb/serial/ftdi_sio.h
> @@ -35,6 +35,8 @@
>  #define FTDI_SIO_SET_ERROR_CHAR		7 /* Set the error character */
>  #define FTDI_SIO_SET_LATENCY_TIMER	9 /* Set the latency timer */
>  #define FTDI_SIO_GET_LATENCY_TIMER	10 /* Get the latency timer */
> +#define FTDI_SIO_SET_BITMODE		11 /* Set transfer mode */
> +#define FTDI_SIO_READ_PINS		12 /* Read pin values in GPIO mode */
>  
>  /* Interface indices for FT2232, FT2232H and FT4232H devices */
>  #define INTERFACE_A		1
> @@ -345,6 +347,30 @@ enum ftdi_sio_baudrate {
>   */
>  
>  /*
> + * FTDI_SIO_SET_BITMODE
> + */
> +#define FTDI_SIO_SET_BITMODE_REQUEST FTDI_SIO_SET_BITMODE
> +#define FTDI_SIO_SET_BITMODE_REQUEST_TYPE 0x40
> +
> +#define FTDI_SIO_SET_BITMODE_MASK 0x4F
> +#define FTDI_SIO_SET_BITMODE_RESET (0x00 << 8)
> +#define FTDI_SIO_SET_BITMODE_BITBANG (0x01 << 8)
> +#define FTDI_SIO_SET_BITMODE_MPSSE (0x02 << 8)
> +#define FTDI_SIO_SET_BITMODE_SYNCBB (0x04 << 8)
> +#define FTDI_SIO_SET_BITMODE_MCU (0x08 << 8)
> +#define FTDI_SIO_SET_BITMODE_OPTO (0x10 << 8)
> +#define FTDI_SIO_SET_BITMODE_CBUS (0x20 << 8)
> +#define FTDI_SIO_SET_BITMODE_SYNCFF (0x40 << 8)

Please do the shift in write_bitmode instead and use unsigned char for
bitmode in struct ftdi_private.

Also use tabs to align the values.

> +
> +/*
> + * FTDI_SIO_READ_PINS
> + *
> + * Read the GPIO pin values without any buffering.
> + */
> +#define  FTDI_SIO_READ_PINS_REQUEST FTDI_SIO_READ_PINS
> +#define  FTDI_SIO_READ_PINS_REQUEST_TYPE 0xC0
> +
> +/*
>   * FTDI_SIO_SET_EVENT_CHAR
>   *
>   * Set the special event character for the specified communications port.

Thanks,
Johan
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