2013/1/10 Jan Kara <jack@xxxxxxx>:
> On Wed 09-01-13 17:26:36, Namjae Jeon wrote:
> <snip>
>> But in one normal scenario, the changes actually results in
>> performance degradation.
>>
>> Results for ‘dd’ thread on two devices:
>> Before applying Patch:
>> #> dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/sdb2/file1 bs=1048576 count=800 &
>> #> dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/sda6/file2 bs=1048576 count=2000 &
>> #>
>> #> 2000+0 records in
>> 2000+0 records out
>> 2097152000 bytes (2.0GB) copied, 77.205276 seconds, 25.9MB/s -> USB
>> HDD WRITE Speed
>>
>> [2]+ Done dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/sda6/file2 bs=1048576 count=2000
>> #>
>> #>
>> #> 800+0 records in
>> 800+0 records out
>> 838860800 bytes (800.0MB) copied, 154.528362 seconds, 5.2MB/s -> USB
>> Flash WRITE Speed
>>
>> After applying patch:
>> #> dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/sdb2/file1 bs=1048576 count=800 &
>> dd if=/
>> #> dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/sda6/file2 bs=1048576 count=2000 &
>> #>
>> #> 2000+0 records in
>> 2000+0 records out
>> 2097152000 bytes (2.0GB) copied, 123.844770 seconds, 16.1MB/s ->USB
>> HDD WRITE Speed
>> 800+0 records in
>> 800+0 records out
>> 838860800 bytes (800.0MB) copied, 141.352945 seconds, 5.7MB/s -> USB
>> Flash WRITE Speed
>>
>> [2]+ Done dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/sda6/file2 bs=1048576 count=2000
>> [1]+ Done dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/sdb2/file1 bs=1048576 count=800
>>
>> So, after applying our changes:
>> 1) USB HDD Write speed dropped from 25.9 -> 16.1 MB/s
>> 2) USB Flash Write speed increased marginally from 5.2 -> 5.7 MB/s
>>
>> Normally if we have a USB Flash and HDD plugged in system. And if we
>> initiate the ‘dd’ on both the devices. Once dirty memory is more than
>> the background threshold, flushing starts for all BDI (The write-back
>> for the devices will be kicked by the condition):
>> If (global_page_state(NR_FILE_DIRTY) +
>> global_page_state(NR_UNSTABLE_NFS) > background_thresh))
>> return true;
>> As the slow device and the fast device always make sure that there is
>> enough DIRTY data in memory to kick write-back.
>> Since, USB Flash is slow, the DIRTY pages corresponding to this device
>> is much higher, resulting in returning ‘true’ everytime from
>> over_bground_thresh. So, even though HDD might have only few KB of
>> dirty data, it is also flushed immediately.
>> This frequent flushing of HDD data results in gradually increasing the
>> bdi_dirty_limit() for HDD.
> Interesting. Thanks for testing! So is this just a problem with initial
> writeout fraction estimation. I.e. if you first let dd to USB HDD run for a
> couple of seconds to ramp up its fraction and only then start writeout to
> USB flash, is there still a problem with USB HDD throughput with the
> changed over_bground_thresh() function?
#> dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/sda6/file2 bs=1048576 count=4000 &
-> sleep for 10 seconds so that USB HDD gets chance to fill cache and
its bdi_dirty_limit
becomes high.
#>
#> dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/sdb2/file1 bs=1048576 count=800 &
#> 800+0 records in
800+0 records out
838860800 bytes (800.0MB) copied, 146.240434 seconds, 5.5MB/s
4000+0 records in
4000+0 records out
4194304000 bytes (3.9GB) copied, 220.184229 seconds, 18.2MB/s
[2]+ Done dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/sdb2/file1
bs=1048576 count=800
[1]+ Done dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/sda6/file2
bs=1048576 count=4000
But still there is drop in USB HDD WRITE speed from 25 MB/s -> 18.2 MB/s
>
>> But, when we introduce the change to control per BDI i.e.,
>> if (global_page_state(NR_FILE_DIRTY) +
>> global_page_state(NR_UNSTABLE_NFS) > background_thresh &&
>> reclaimable * 2 + bdi_stat_error(bdi) * 2 > bdi_bground_thresh)
>>
>> Now, in this case, when we consider the same scenario, writeback for
>> HDD will only be kicked only if ‘reclaimable * 2 + bdi_stat_error(bdi)
>> * 2 > bdi_bground_thresh’
>> But this condition is not true a lot many number of times, so
>> resulting in false.
> I'm surprised it's not true so often... dd(1) should easily fill the
> caches. But maybe we are oscilating between below-background-threshold
> and at-dirty-limit situations rather quickly. Do you have recordings of
> BDI_RECLAIMABLE and BDI_DIRTY from the problematic run?
Yes. below is the log in problematic run with below change:
if (global_page_state(NR_FILE_DIRTY) +
global_page_state(NR_UNSTABLE_NFS) > background_thresh &&
reclaimable * 2 + bdi_stat_error(bdi) * 2 > bdi_bground_thresh)
[Test Setup: ARM dual core cPU, 500 MB RAM, background_/dirty_ratio at
default setting]
#> dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/sda6/file2 bs=1048576 count=2000 &
#> dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/sdb2/file1 bs=1048576 count=800 &
[ 97.257777] [1]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 57152 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 57088 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 0 KB
^ Initial
BDI dirty limit for HDD
[ 97.296096] [1]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 128 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 64 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 0 KB
^ Initial
BDI dirty limit for FLASH
[ 97.321764] [1]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 704 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 640 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 0 KB
[ 97.358775] [1]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1664 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 64 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 0 KB
[ 97.382956] [1]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 2176 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 512 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 0 KB
[ 97.393325] [1]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 2816 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 1152 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 52 KB
[ 97.410622] [2]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 4096 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 0 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 108 KB
[ 97.422451] [1]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 4224 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 128 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 108 KB
[ 97.432777] [1]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 4864 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 768 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 164 KB
[ 97.447658] [2]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 6016 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 0 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 164 KB
[ 97.466556] [2]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 6016 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 64 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 220 KB
[ 97.485760] [1]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 6528 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 512 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 272 KB
[ 97.524776] [1]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 7552 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 384 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 380 KB
[ 97.535172] [1]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 7808 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 640 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 380 KB
[ 97.594639] [1]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 11904 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 3456 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 484 KB
[ 97.604975] [1]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 12224 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 3776 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 536 KB
[ 97.667729] [1]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 16512 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 3200 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 696 KB
[ 97.678127] [1]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 17152 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 3840 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 696 KB
[ 97.729258] [1]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 20608 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 1536 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 744 KB
[ 97.739654] [1]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 20992 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 1856 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 740 KB
[ 99.412177] [1]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 102656 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 36608 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 14476 KB
[ 100.942829] [1]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 140288 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 35840 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 21392 KB
[ 101.809082] [1]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 86720 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 51328 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 4096 KB
[ 102.266529] [1]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 173056 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 31232 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 26304 KB
[ 103.474246] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 189440 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 16512 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 30660 KB
[ 104.100257] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 207616 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 16704 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 32220 KB
[ 104.110758] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 207616 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 16704 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 32236 KB
[ 104.808133] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 225856 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 18240 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 33536 KB
[ 105.451483] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 244096 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 18240 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 34704 KB
[ 108.993027] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 306048 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 20352 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 39888 KB
[ 109.003379] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 306048 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 20352 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 39888 KB
[ 109.707771] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 322432 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 20352 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 40512 KB
[ 109.718185] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 322432 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 20352 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 40512 KB
[ 110.682318] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 344320 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 21888 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 40832 KB
[ 110.692868] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 344320 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 21888 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 40808 KB
[ 112.607992] [1]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 171328 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 84544 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 8416 KB
[ 115.183151] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 402112 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 20096 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 40012 KB
[ 115.193685] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 402112 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 20096 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 40012 KB
[ 115.756987] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 416960 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 22592 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 40324 KB
[ 115.767339] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 416960 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 22592 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 40324 KB
[ 118.357719] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 440768 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 20096 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 40396 KB
[ 118.377761] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 441600 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 20928 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 40388 KB
[ 118.878817] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 453504 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 20608 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 40824 KB
[ 118.892183] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 453632 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 20736 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 40828 KB
[ 119.986119] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 477248 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 21824 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 41436 KB
[ 119.996632] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 477248 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 21824 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 41436 KB
[ 120.760551] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 499136 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 21888 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 42000 KB
[ 120.771384] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 499904 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 22592 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 41952 KB
[ 122.980263] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 561472 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 21696 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 43116 KB
[ 122.995903] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 561728 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 21888 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 43124 KB
[ 123.751970] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 574336 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 22336 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 43516 KB
[ 123.776339] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 575616 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 23680 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 43456 KB
[ 124.829712] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 598016 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 21760 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 43696 KB
[ 124.841836] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 598144 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 21888 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 43704 KB
[ 124.856201] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 599360 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 23104 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 43672 KB
[ 125.966983] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 624640 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 22912 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 43816 KB
[ 125.977299] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 624640 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 22912 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 43816 KB
^ Max HDD BDI dirty limit during parallel write on
USB FLASH and HDD
[ 130.396626] [1]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 259904 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 83072 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 12644 KB
[ 131.898466] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 684864 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 21184 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 40572 KB
[ 131.908962] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 684864 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 21184 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 40572 KB
[ 132.357273] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 692608 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 20736 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 40756 KB
[ 132.367774] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 692608 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 20736 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 40756 KB
[ 135.066501] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 713856 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 21312 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 40092 KB
[ 135.076876] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 713856 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 21312 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 40084 KB
[ 138.678435] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 755456 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 20480 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 38848 KB
[ 138.688844] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 755456 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 20480 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 38848 KB
[ 139.980078] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 763008 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 19776 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 38052 KB
[ 139.990835] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 763008 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 19776 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 38020 KB
[ 145.847841] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 797568 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 18112 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 36100 KB
[ 145.859417] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 797568 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 18112 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 36104 KB
[ 146.574201] [1]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 336576 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 76416 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 19796 KB
[ 147.284058] [1]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 346176 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 86016 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 18892 KB
[ 149.589827] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 819904 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 16768 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 33584 KB
[ 149.604891] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 820736 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 17600 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 33576 KB
[ 149.867466] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 825344 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 18112 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 33876 KB
[ 149.877809] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 825344 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 18112 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 33848 KB
[ 152.115439] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 843584 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 18176 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 33704 KB
[ 152.125781] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 843584 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 18176 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 33692 KB
[ 153.339221] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 861824 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 18176 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 34540 KB
[ 153.349732] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 861824 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 18176 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 34540 KB
[ 155.404477] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 880064 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 18176 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 34528 KB
[ 155.414933] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 880064 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 18176 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 34528 KB
[ 158.695935] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 896512 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 16384 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 32540 KB
[ 158.706260] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 896512 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 16384 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 32540 KB
[ 161.719063] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 912896 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 16320 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 32368 KB
[ 161.729534] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 912896 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 16320 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 32368 KB
[ 164.056751] [1]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 434048 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 86656 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 22952 KB
[ 166.220028] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 929088 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 16128 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 30928 KB
[ 166.230538] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 929088 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 16128 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 30928 KB
[ 166.241768] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 929088 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 16128 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 30912 KB
[ 168.417606] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 945280 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 16256 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 31044 KB
[ 168.427966] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 945280 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 16256 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 31044 KB
[ 171.461426] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 961472 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 16128 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 29900 KB
[ 171.471806] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 961472 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 16128 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 29880 KB
[ 174.109197] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 976768 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 15168 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 29808 KB
[ 174.119557] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 976768 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 15168 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 29792 KB
[ 177.967806] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 991552 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 14784 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 28540 KB
[ 177.978373] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 991552 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 14784 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 28544 KB
[ 180.922946] [1]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 518976 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 84864 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 26508 KB
[ 180.933314] [1]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 518976 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 84864 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 26508 KB
^ Max FLASH BDI dirty limit during parallel write
on USB FLASH and HDD
[ 182.799533] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1006528 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 14912 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 28460 KB
[ 182.809937] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1006528 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 14912 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 28460 KB
[ 185.829707] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1020352 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 13824 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 27788 KB
[ 185.852849] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1021120 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 14592 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 27760 KB
[ 190.442186] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1045824 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 14464 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 28316 KB
[ 190.452755] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1045824 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 14464 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 28320 KB
[ 193.282394] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1060288 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 14400 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 28052 KB
[ 193.292821] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1060288 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 14400 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 28052 KB
[ 193.849873] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1074880 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 14592 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 29168 KB
[ 193.860446] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1074880 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 14592 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 29168 KB
[ 194.456956] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1091264 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 16384 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 30524 KB
[ 194.470853] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1092480 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 17536 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 30528 KB
[ 195.117999] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1111232 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 16832 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 32060 KB
[ 195.128626] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1111232 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 16832 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 32052 KB
[ 195.582384] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1129088 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 16832 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 33404 KB
[ 195.593001] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1129088 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 16832 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 33424 KB
[ 198.305291] [1]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 596928 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 78016 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 19580 KB
[ 199.022989] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1163904 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 18240 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 35628 KB
[ 199.033513] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1163904 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 18240 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 35628 KB
[ 204.688042] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1196800 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 18240 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 34556 KB
[ 204.698595] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1196800 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 18240 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 34524 KB
[ 206.925717] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1213888 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 17088 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 34332 KB
[ 206.936049] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1213888 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 17088 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 34332 KB
[ 209.405238] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1232320 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 18368 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 33764 KB
[ 209.415601] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1232320 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 18368 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 33744 KB
[ 212.195798] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1249216 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 16896 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 33256 KB
[ 212.209552] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1249536 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 17152 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 33240 KB
[ 213.773098] [1]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 680320 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 83392 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 22124 KB
[ 213.783536] [1]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 680320 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 83392 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 22124 KB
[ 214.675144] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1267776 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 16704 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 33116 KB
[ 214.685498] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1267776 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 16704 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 33128 KB
[ 218.501301] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1284224 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 16384 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 32932 KB
[ 218.511646] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1284224 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 16384 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 32904 KB
[ 219.339245] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1302272 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 18048 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 34132 KB
[ 219.352808] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1303168 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 18944 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 34104 KB
[ 220.050747] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1322368 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 18240 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 35176 KB
[ 220.064885] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1323264 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 19136 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 35188 KB
[ 220.723480] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1344256 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 18944 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 36832 KB
[ 220.734171] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1344256 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 18944 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 36832 KB
[ 221.401320] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1364352 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 20032 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 38000 KB
[ 221.414822] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1365440 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 21184 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 38000 KB
[ 222.091724] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1385792 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 19584 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 38760 KB
[ 222.106450] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1386048 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 19840 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 38740 KB
[ 225.070245] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1443328 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 21248 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 41072 KB
[ 225.082125] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1443328 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 21248 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 41044 KB
[ 225.814516] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1456128 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 21760 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 41092 KB
[ 225.825050] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1456128 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 21760 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 41076 KB
[ 225.835457] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1456128 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 21760 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 41080 KB
[ 227.177970] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1478272 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 22080 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 41208 KB
[ 227.188482] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1478272 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 22080 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 41208 KB
[ 231.043363] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1510528 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 19456 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 39068 KB
[ 231.054717] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1510528 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 19456 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 39076 KB
[ 231.344643] [1]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 757312 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 76928 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 16704 KB
[ 231.494398] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1519616 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 20480 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 39264 KB
[ 231.505586] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1519616 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 20480 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 39260 KB
[ 234.975996] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1561024 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 20096 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 39032 KB
[ 234.987831] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1561024 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 20096 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 39036 KB
[ 235.468408] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1570176 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 20992 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 39212 KB
[ 235.480320] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1570176 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 20992 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 39204 KB
[ 240.183116] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1606336 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 19712 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 37944 KB
[ 240.194988] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1606336 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 19712 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 37932 KB
[ 242.622183] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1626368 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 20096 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 37244 KB
[ 242.632629] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1626368 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 20096 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 37244 KB
[ 243.988458] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1662848 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 19584 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 38784 KB
[ 244.002712] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1663936 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 20672 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 38760 KB
[ 244.307739] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1672000 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 20608 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 39248 KB
[ 244.322895] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1673152 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 21696 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 39244 KB
[ 245.009029] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1695680 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 20352 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 40196 KB
[ 245.023455] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1696960 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 21632 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 40196 KB
[ 246.891877] [1]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 819200 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 61888 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 14336 KB
[ 247.095847] [1]:flush-8:16 : BDI_DIRTIED = 819200 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 61888 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 14592 KB
[ 247.255127] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1719808 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 20480 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 41132 KB
[ 247.269750] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1720192 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 20864 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 41124 KB
[ 248.087937] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1741056 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 20736 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 41624 KB
[ 248.098499] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1741056 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 20736 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 41624 KB
800+0 records in
800+0 records out
838860800 bytes (800.0MB) copied, 152.778511 seconds, 5.2MB/s ->
'dd' finished for USB flash
[ 251.958577] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1846656 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 22400 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 45012 KB
[ 251.973748] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1846976 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 22720 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 45024 KB
[ 252.520107] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1871360 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 22464 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 45136 KB
[ 252.534412] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1871744 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 22784 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 45120 KB
[ 252.548297] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 1872256 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 23360 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 45120 KB
[ 257.032160] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 2001536 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 43712 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 45680 KB
[ 257.046248] [2]:flush-8:0 : BDI_DIRTIED = 2001856 KB,
BDI_RECLAIMABLE = 44032 KB, bdi_dirty_limit = 45652 KB
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
After USB flash write is finished, HDD takes over completely and its
BDI dirty limit is increased.
2000+0 records in
2000+0 records out
2097152000 bytes (2.0GB) copied, 161.683544 seconds, 12.4MB/s
>
>> This continuous failure to start write-back for HDD actually results
>> in lowering the bdi_dirty_limit for HDD, in a way PAUSING the writer
>> thread for HDD.
>> This is actually resulting in less number of WRITE operations per
>> second for HDD. As, the ‘dd’ on USB HDD will be put to long sleep(MAX
>> PAUSE) in balance_dirty_pages.
>>
>> While for USB Flash, its bdi_dirty_limit is kept on increasing as it
>> is getting more chance to flush dirty data in over_bground_thresh. As,
>> bdi_reclaimable > bdi_dirty_limit is true. So, resulting more number
>> of WRITE operation per second for USB Flash.
>> From these observations, we feel that these changes might not be
>> needed. Please let us know in case we are missing on any point here,
>> we can further check more on this.
> Well, at least we know changing the condition has unexpected side
> effects. I'd like to understand those before discarding the idea - because
> in your setup flusher thread must end up writing rather small amount of
> pages in each run when it's running continuously and that's not too good
> either...
Yes, we were also surprised about drop in write speed with this change.
we are keen to check more on this, pls let us know if you need any
other information.
>
> Honza
> --
> Jan Kara <jack@xxxxxxx>
> SUSE Labs, CR
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