On Saturday 10 November 2012, Martin Steigerwald wrote:
> Command (m for help): n
> Partition type:
> p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
> e extended
> Select (default p): p
> Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
> First sector (2048-4095998, default 2048):
> Using default value 2048
> Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-4095998, default 4095998):
> Using default value 4095998
This is almost certainly not the right setting for f2fs, which only works
at its design point if the segments are aligned to erase blocks. All modern
flash devices have erase blocks larger than 1 MB, so starting the partition
at a 1 MB offset will cause it to be misaligned. Also, some USB sticks
have an area optimized for random writes in the beginning of the drive
where both FAT32 and f2fs store their metadata. It may be worth testing
again without a partition table, using just the raw device.
I would also recommend using flashbench to find out the optimum parameters
for your device. You can download it from
git://git.linaro.org/people/arnd/flashbench.git
In the long run, we should automate those tests and make them part of
mkfs.f2fs, but for now, try to find out the erase block size and the number
of concurrently used erase blocks on your device using a timing attack
in flashbench. The README file in there explains how to interpret the
results from "./flashbench -a /dev/sdb --blocksize=1024" to guess
the erase block size, although that sometimes doesn't work.
With the correct guess, compare the performance you get using
$ ERASESIZE=$[2*1024*1024] # replace with guess from flashbench -a
$ ./flashbench /dev/sdb --open-au --open-au-nr=1 --blocksize=4096 --erasesize=${ERASESIZE}
$ ./flashbench /dev/sdb --open-au --open-au-nr=3 --blocksize=4096 --erasesize=${ERASESIZE}
$ ./flashbench /dev/sdb --open-au --open-au-nr=5 --blocksize=4096 --erasesize=${ERASESIZE}
$ ./flashbench /dev/sdb --open-au --open-au-nr=7 --blocksize=4096 --erasesize=${ERASESIZE}
$ ./flashbench /dev/sdb --open-au --open-au-nr=13 --blocksize=4096 --erasesize=${ERASESIZE}
The first one of those should always be the fastest, hopefully followed by
some that are equally fast and then some much slower ones (especially for the
smaller block sizes). The "active_logs=N" mount option should be one less
than the highest number above that is still "fast", and only "2", "4" and "6"
are valid at the moment. If you are lucky, your device is still fast with
"--open-au-nr=7" and slow only for higher numbers, then the default of "6"
is ok.
If the erase size is larger than 2 MB, then you have to "-s" option in
mkfs.f2fs to configure how many 2 MB segments there are in one erase block.
For a 2 GB USB stick, I would guess that the erase block size is 1, 2 or
4 MB. Newer (larger) sticks will have larger erase blocks that may also
be a multiple of 3 MB (3, 6, 12, or 24).
Arnd
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