Hi all, This patchset adds crc32c checksums to most of the ext4 metadata objects. A full design document is on the ext4 wiki[1] but I will summarize that document here. As much as we wish our storage hardware was totally reliable, it is still quite possible for data to be corrupted on disk, corrupted during transfer over a wire, or written to the wrong places. To protect against this sort of non-hostile corruption, it is desirable to store checksums of metadata objects on the filesystem to prevent broken metadata from shredding the filesystem. The crc32c polynomial was chosen for its improved error detection capabilities over crc32 and crc16, and because of its hardware acceleration on current and upcoming Intel and Sparc chips. Each type of metadata object has been retrofitted to store a checksum as follows: - The superblock stores a crc32c of itself. - Each inode stores crc32c(fs_uuid + inode_num + inode_gen + inode + slack_space_after_inode) - Block and inode bitmaps each get their own crc32c(fs_uuid + group_num + bitmap), stored in the block group descriptor. - Each extent tree block stores a crc32c(fs_uuid + inode_num + inode_gen + extent_entries) in unused space at the end of the block. - Each directory leaf block has an unused-looking directory entry big enough to store a crc32c(fs_uuid + inode_num + inode_gen + block) at the end of the block. - Each directory htree block is shortened to contain a crc32c(fs_uuid + inode_num + inode_gen + block) at the end of the block. - Extended attribute blocks store crc32c(fs_uuid + id + ea_block) in the header, where id is, depending on the refcount, either the inode_num and inode_gen; or the block number. - MMP blocks store crc32c(fs_uuid + mmpblock) at the end of the MMP block. - Block groups can now use crc32c instead of crc16. - The journal now has a v2 checksum feature flag. - crc32c(j_uuid + block) checksums have been inserted into descriptor blocks, commit blocks, revoke blocks, and the journal superblock. - Each block tag in a descriptor block has a checksum of the related data block. The patchset for e2fsprogs will be sent under separate cover only to linux-ext4 as it is quite lengthy (~51 patches). As far as performance impact goes, I see nearly no change with a standard mail server ffsb simulation. On a test that involves only file creation and deletion and extent tree modifications, I see a drop of about 50 percent with the current kernel crc32c implementation; this improves to a drop of about 20 percent with the enclosed crc32c implementation. However, given that metadata is usually a small fraction of total IO, it doesn't seem like the cost of enabling this feature is unreasonable. There are a few unresolved issues: - I haven't fixed it up to checksum the exclude bitmap yet. I'll probably submit that as an add-on to the snapshot patchset. - Using the journal commit hooks to delay crc32c calculation until dirty buffers are actually being written to disk. - Interaction with online resize code. Yongqiang seems to be in the process of rewriting this not to use custom metadata block write functions, but I haven't looked at it very closely yet. Please have a look at the design document and patches, and please feel free to suggest any changes. v2: Checksum the MMP block, store the checksum type in the superblock, include the inode generation in file checksums, and finally solve the problem of limited space in block groups by splitting the checksum into two halves. v2.1: Checksum the reserved parts of the htree tail structure. Fix some flag handling bugs with the mb cache init routine wherein bitmaps could fail to be checksummed at read time. v2.2: Reincorporate the FS UUID in the bitmap checksum calcuations. Move all disk layout changes to the front and the feature flag enablement to the end of the patch set. Fail journal recovery if revoke block fails checksum. v2.3: Update the design document URL, and various minor naming cleanups. This patchset has been tested on 3.2.0-rc7 on x64, i386, ppc64, and ppc32. The patches seems to work fine on all four platforms. --D [1] https://ext4.wiki.kernel.org/articles/e/x/t/Ext4_Metadata_Checksums_4d24.html -- To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-fsdevel" in the body of a message to majordomo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html
