[RFC][PATCH V3 2/4] ext4: sort and merge inode PA

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New inode PA is only added to i_prealloc_list in struct ext4_inode_info.
By implementation of EXT4_IOC_CONTROL_PA, we can create new inode PA freely.
So, the contiguous inode PA (both physical block and file offset are
bigger/smaller than the other inode PA's one) will be created more frequently.
Thus, ext4_mb_new_inode_pa() sorts and merges inode PA to get rid of
the contiguous one. This change will lead to saving memory usage, and
to improve the operation for i_prealloc_list.

The ffsb result on 20G SATA is as follows:

sequential (Transaction/sec)
                       read    write   create  append  delete
2.6.37-rc2+patch queue 2810.8  2727.9  2742.4  2752.4  10.8
apply this patch       2924.0  2800.0  2876.5  2889.4  11.3

There is some improvement, but I think it's the margin of error. So this patch
has an insignificant impact on the read/write performance.

Signed-off-by: Kazuya Mio <k-mio@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Akira Fujita <a-fujita@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
---
 fs/ext4/mballoc.c |  110 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 103 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/ext4/mballoc.c b/fs/ext4/mballoc.c
index e8effb6..cf501b3 100644
--- a/fs/ext4/mballoc.c
+++ b/fs/ext4/mballoc.c
@@ -3416,6 +3416,49 @@ static void ext4_mb_put_pa(struct ext4_allocation_context *ac,
 	call_rcu(&(pa)->u.pa_rcu, ext4_mb_pa_callback);
 }
 
+/**
+ * ext4_mb_merge_preallocations - Merge two preallocations
+ *
+ * @pa1:	a preallocation
+ * @pa2:	a preallocation that is absorbed by @pa1
+ *
+ * Merge PAs into @pa1 if possible.
+ * If success to merge, return 1. Otherwise return 0.
+ */
+static noinline_for_stack int
+ext4_mb_merge_preallocations(struct ext4_prealloc_space *pa1,
+				struct ext4_prealloc_space *pa2)
+{
+	struct super_block *sb = pa1->pa_inode->i_sb;
+	ext4_group_t pa1_grp, pa2_grp;
+
+	ext4_get_group_no_and_offset(sb, pa1->pa_pstart, &pa1_grp, NULL);
+	ext4_get_group_no_and_offset(sb, pa2->pa_pstart, &pa2_grp, NULL);
+
+	if (pa1_grp != pa2_grp)
+		return 0;
+	/* TODO: eliminate this restriction by moving all extents in @pa1 */
+	if ((pa1->pa_pstart > pa2->pa_pstart &&
+				pa1->pa_lstart < pa2->pa_lstart) ||
+			(pa1->pa_pstart < pa2->pa_pstart &&
+				pa1->pa_lstart > pa2->pa_lstart))
+		return 0;
+	if (pa1->pa_lstart + pa1->pa_len != pa2->pa_lstart &&
+	    pa2->pa_lstart + pa2->pa_len != pa1->pa_lstart)
+		return 0;
+	if (pa1->pa_pstart + pa1->pa_len != pa2->pa_pstart &&
+	    pa2->pa_pstart + pa2->pa_len != pa1->pa_pstart)
+		return 0;
+
+	pa1->pa_pstart = min(pa1->pa_pstart, pa2->pa_pstart);
+	pa1->pa_lstart = min(pa1->pa_lstart, pa2->pa_lstart);
+
+	pa1->pa_len += pa2->pa_len;
+	pa1->pa_free += pa2->pa_free;
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
 /*
  * creates new preallocated space for given inode
  */
@@ -3423,9 +3466,10 @@ static noinline_for_stack int
 ext4_mb_new_inode_pa(struct ext4_allocation_context *ac)
 {
 	struct super_block *sb = ac->ac_sb;
-	struct ext4_prealloc_space *pa;
+	struct ext4_prealloc_space *pa, *tmp_pa, *prev = NULL, *next = NULL;
 	struct ext4_group_info *grp;
 	struct ext4_inode_info *ei;
+	int merged = 0;
 
 	if (ac->ac_flags & EXT4_MB_HINT_PA_ONLY) {
 		/* EXT4_MB_HINT_PA_ONLY makes all found space preallocated */
@@ -3508,13 +3552,65 @@ ext4_mb_new_inode_pa(struct ext4_allocation_context *ac)
 	pa->pa_obj_lock = &ei->i_prealloc_lock;
 	pa->pa_inode = ac->ac_inode;
 
-	ext4_lock_group(sb, ac->ac_b_ex.fe_group);
-	list_add(&pa->pa_group_list, &grp->bb_prealloc_list);
-	ext4_unlock_group(sb, ac->ac_b_ex.fe_group);
+	spin_lock(&ei->i_prealloc_lock);
+	rcu_read_lock();
+	list_for_each_entry_rcu(tmp_pa, &ei->i_prealloc_list, pa_inode_list) {
+		if (tmp_pa->pa_deleted)
+			continue;
+		if (tmp_pa->pa_lstart > pa->pa_lstart) {
+			next = tmp_pa;
+			break;
+		}
+		prev = tmp_pa;
+	}
+	rcu_read_unlock();
 
-	spin_lock(pa->pa_obj_lock);
-	list_add_rcu(&pa->pa_inode_list, &ei->i_prealloc_list);
-	spin_unlock(pa->pa_obj_lock);
+	if (next) {
+		BUG_ON(pa->pa_lstart + pa->pa_len > next->pa_lstart);
+		spin_lock(&next->pa_lock);
+		merged += ext4_mb_merge_preallocations(next, pa);
+	}
+
+	if (prev) {
+		BUG_ON(prev->pa_lstart + prev->pa_len > pa->pa_lstart);
+		spin_lock_nested(&prev->pa_lock, SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING);
+
+		if (merged) {
+			merged += ext4_mb_merge_preallocations(prev, next);
+
+			if (merged == 2) {
+				/* Prepare to discard next */
+				atomic_inc(&next->pa_count);
+				next->pa_free = 0;
+			}
+		} else {
+			merged += ext4_mb_merge_preallocations(prev, pa);
+		}
+		spin_unlock(&prev->pa_lock);
+	}
+
+	if (next)
+		spin_unlock(&next->pa_lock);
+
+	if (!merged) {
+		if (prev)
+			list_add_rcu(&pa->pa_inode_list, &prev->pa_inode_list);
+		else
+			list_add_rcu(&pa->pa_inode_list, &ei->i_prealloc_list);
+
+		spin_unlock(&ei->i_prealloc_lock);
+		ext4_lock_group(sb, ac->ac_b_ex.fe_group);
+		list_add(&pa->pa_group_list, &grp->bb_prealloc_list);
+		ext4_unlock_group(sb, ac->ac_b_ex.fe_group);
+	} else {
+		spin_unlock(&ei->i_prealloc_lock);
+		ac->ac_pa = NULL;
+		kmem_cache_free(ext4_pspace_cachep, pa);
+
+		/* If prev and next are merged, discard next */
+		if (merged == 2)
+			ext4_mb_put_pa(NULL, sb, next);
+	}
 
 	return 0;
 }
--
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