On Sun, Nov 24, 2024 at 02:08:55AM +0800, Jinliang Zheng wrote: > According to Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/fs.rst, fs.nr_open and > fs.file-max represent the number of file-handles that can be opened > by each process and the entire system, respectively. > > Therefore, it's necessary to maintain a relative size between them, > meaning we should ensure that files_stat.max_files is not less than > sysctl_nr_open. NAK. You are confusing descriptors (nr_open) and open IO channels (max_files). We very well _CAN_ have more of the former. For further details, RTFM dup(2) or any introductory Unix textbook.