Hello: I am doing some test for kernel 6.4, util-linux version:2.39.1. Have you encountered similar problems? If there is a fix, please let me know. Thank you very much -------------------------------------------------- util-linux version 2.39.1 call mount use fsopen->fsconfig->fsmount->close instead of mount syscall. And use this shell test: #!/bin/bash mkdir -p /tmp/cgroup/cgrouptest while true do mount -t cgroup -o none,name=foo cgroup /tmp/cgroup/cgrouptest ret=$? if [ $ret -ne 0 ];then echo "mount failed , $ret" fi umount /tmp/cgroup/cgrouptest ret=$? if [ $ret -ne 0 ];then echo "umount failed, $ret" fi done And as a result, we mount cgroup immediately after umount, it will return failed. in fsconfig syscall, we find this stack: SYSCALL_DEFINE5(fsconfig, ...) vfs_fsconfig_locked if (fc->phase != FS_CONTEXT_CREATE_PARAMS) return -EBUSY; vfs_get_tree fc->ops->get_tree // cgroup1_get_tree if (!ret && !percpu_ref_tryget_live (&ctx->root->cgrp.self.refcnt)) ret = 1; ... if (unlikely(ret > 0)) { msleep(10); restart_syscall(); } ... fc->phase = FS_CONTEXT_FAILED; in mount syscall, no function will check fs->phase, and fc is recreate in monnt syscall. However, in fdconfig syscall, fc->phase is not initial as FS_CONTEXT_CREATE_PARAMS, restart_syscall will return -EBUSY. fc is created in fsopen syscall.