On Wed, Jun 15, 2022 at 05:34:02PM +0100, Matthew Wilcox wrote:
> On Wed, Jun 15, 2022 at 10:43:33AM -0400, Brian Foster wrote:
> > Interesting, thanks. I'll have to dig more into this to grok the current
> > state of the radix-tree interface vs. the underlying data structure. If
> > I follow correctly, you're saying the radix-tree api is essentially
> > already a translation layer to the xarray these days, and we just need
> > to move legacy users off the radix-tree api so we can eventually kill it
> > off...
>
> If only it were that easy ... the XArray has a whole bunch of debugging
> asserts to make sure the users are actually using it correctly, and a
> lot of radix tree users don't (they're probably not buggy, but they
> don't use the XArray's embedded lock).
>
> Anyway, here's a first cut at converting the PID allocator from the IDR
> to the XArray API. It boots, but I haven't tried to do anything tricky
> with PID namespaces or CRIU.
It'd be great to see that conversion done.
Fwiw, there's test cases for e.g. nested pid namespace creation with
specifically requested PIDs in
tools/selftests/clone3
and there's additional tests in
tools/selftests/pidfd
>
>
> diff --git a/fs/proc/loadavg.c b/fs/proc/loadavg.c
> index f32878d9a39f..cec85a07184a 100644
> --- a/fs/proc/loadavg.c
> +++ b/fs/proc/loadavg.c
> @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ static int loadavg_proc_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
> LOAD_INT(avnrun[1]), LOAD_FRAC(avnrun[1]),
> LOAD_INT(avnrun[2]), LOAD_FRAC(avnrun[2]),
> nr_running(), nr_threads,
> - idr_get_cursor(&task_active_pid_ns(current)->idr) - 1);
> + task_active_pid_ns(current)->cursor - 1);
> return 0;
> }
>
> diff --git a/include/linux/pid_namespace.h b/include/linux/pid_namespace.h
> index 07481bb87d4e..68aaaf78491b 100644
> --- a/include/linux/pid_namespace.h
> +++ b/include/linux/pid_namespace.h
> @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
> #include <linux/threads.h>
> #include <linux/nsproxy.h>
> #include <linux/ns_common.h>
> -#include <linux/idr.h>
> +#include <linux/xarray.h>
>
> /* MAX_PID_NS_LEVEL is needed for limiting size of 'struct pid' */
> #define MAX_PID_NS_LEVEL 32
> @@ -17,8 +17,9 @@
> struct fs_pin;
>
> struct pid_namespace {
> - struct idr idr;
> + struct xarray xa;
> struct rcu_head rcu;
> + unsigned int cursor;
> unsigned int pid_allocated;
> struct task_struct *child_reaper;
> struct kmem_cache *pid_cachep;
> @@ -37,6 +38,20 @@ extern struct pid_namespace init_pid_ns;
>
> #define PIDNS_ADDING (1U << 31)
>
> +/*
> + * Note: disable interrupts while the xarray lock is held as an
> + * interrupt might come in and do read_lock(&tasklist_lock).
> + *
> + * If we don't disable interrupts there is a nasty deadlock between
> + * detach_pid()->free_pid() and another cpu that locks the PIDs
> + * followed by an interrupt routine that does read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
> + *
> + * After we clean up the tasklist_lock and know there are no
> + * irq handlers that take it we can leave the interrupts enabled.
> + * For now it is easier to be safe than to prove it can't happen.
> + */
> +#define PID_XA_FLAGS (XA_FLAGS_TRACK_FREE | XA_FLAGS_LOCK_IRQ)
> +
> #ifdef CONFIG_PID_NS
> static inline struct pid_namespace *get_pid_ns(struct pid_namespace *ns)
> {
> @@ -84,7 +99,7 @@ static inline int reboot_pid_ns(struct pid_namespace *pid_ns, int cmd)
>
> extern struct pid_namespace *task_active_pid_ns(struct task_struct *tsk);
> void pidhash_init(void);
> -void pid_idr_init(void);
> +void pid_init(void);
>
> static inline bool task_is_in_init_pid_ns(struct task_struct *tsk)
> {
> diff --git a/include/linux/threads.h b/include/linux/threads.h
> index c34173e6c5f1..37e4391ee89f 100644
> --- a/include/linux/threads.h
> +++ b/include/linux/threads.h
> @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
> * Define a minimum number of pids per cpu. Heuristically based
> * on original pid max of 32k for 32 cpus. Also, increase the
> * minimum settable value for pid_max on the running system based
> - * on similar defaults. See kernel/pid.c:pid_idr_init() for details.
> + * on similar defaults. See kernel/pid.c:pid_init() for details.
> */
> #define PIDS_PER_CPU_DEFAULT 1024
> #define PIDS_PER_CPU_MIN 8
> diff --git a/init/main.c b/init/main.c
> index 0ee39cdcfcac..3944dcd10c09 100644
> --- a/init/main.c
> +++ b/init/main.c
> @@ -73,7 +73,6 @@
> #include <linux/sched.h>
> #include <linux/sched/init.h>
> #include <linux/signal.h>
> -#include <linux/idr.h>
> #include <linux/kgdb.h>
> #include <linux/ftrace.h>
> #include <linux/async.h>
> @@ -1100,7 +1099,7 @@ asmlinkage __visible void __init __no_sanitize_address start_kernel(void)
> late_time_init();
> sched_clock_init();
> calibrate_delay();
> - pid_idr_init();
> + pid_init();
> anon_vma_init();
> #ifdef CONFIG_X86
> if (efi_enabled(EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES))
> diff --git a/kernel/pid.c b/kernel/pid.c
> index 2fc0a16ec77b..de0b4614bdb8 100644
> --- a/kernel/pid.c
> +++ b/kernel/pid.c
> @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
> #include <linux/anon_inodes.h>
> #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
> #include <linux/sched/task.h>
> -#include <linux/idr.h>
> +#include <linux/xarray.h>
> #include <net/sock.h>
> #include <uapi/linux/pidfd.h>
>
> @@ -66,15 +66,10 @@ int pid_max = PID_MAX_DEFAULT;
> int pid_max_min = RESERVED_PIDS + 1;
> int pid_max_max = PID_MAX_LIMIT;
>
> -/*
> - * PID-map pages start out as NULL, they get allocated upon
> - * first use and are never deallocated. This way a low pid_max
> - * value does not cause lots of bitmaps to be allocated, but
> - * the scheme scales to up to 4 million PIDs, runtime.
> - */
> struct pid_namespace init_pid_ns = {
> .ns.count = REFCOUNT_INIT(2),
> - .idr = IDR_INIT(init_pid_ns.idr),
> + .xa = XARRAY_INIT(init_pid_ns.xa, PID_XA_FLAGS),
> + .cursor = 1,
> .pid_allocated = PIDNS_ADDING,
> .level = 0,
> .child_reaper = &init_task,
> @@ -86,22 +81,6 @@ struct pid_namespace init_pid_ns = {
> };
> EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(init_pid_ns);
>
> -/*
> - * Note: disable interrupts while the pidmap_lock is held as an
> - * interrupt might come in and do read_lock(&tasklist_lock).
> - *
> - * If we don't disable interrupts there is a nasty deadlock between
> - * detach_pid()->free_pid() and another cpu that does
> - * spin_lock(&pidmap_lock) followed by an interrupt routine that does
> - * read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
> - *
> - * After we clean up the tasklist_lock and know there are no
> - * irq handlers that take it we can leave the interrupts enabled.
> - * For now it is easier to be safe than to prove it can't happen.
> - */
> -
> -static __cacheline_aligned_in_smp DEFINE_SPINLOCK(pidmap_lock);
> -
> void put_pid(struct pid *pid)
> {
> struct pid_namespace *ns;
> @@ -129,10 +108,11 @@ void free_pid(struct pid *pid)
> int i;
> unsigned long flags;
>
> - spin_lock_irqsave(&pidmap_lock, flags);
> for (i = 0; i <= pid->level; i++) {
> struct upid *upid = pid->numbers + i;
> struct pid_namespace *ns = upid->ns;
> +
> + xa_lock_irqsave(&ns->xa, flags);
> switch (--ns->pid_allocated) {
> case 2:
> case 1:
> @@ -149,9 +129,9 @@ void free_pid(struct pid *pid)
> break;
> }
>
> - idr_remove(&ns->idr, upid->nr);
> + __xa_erase(&ns->xa, upid->nr);
> + xa_unlock_irqrestore(&ns->xa, flags);
> }
> - spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pidmap_lock, flags);
>
> call_rcu(&pid->rcu, delayed_put_pid);
> }
> @@ -161,7 +141,7 @@ struct pid *alloc_pid(struct pid_namespace *ns, pid_t *set_tid,
> {
> struct pid *pid;
> enum pid_type type;
> - int i, nr;
> + int i;
> struct pid_namespace *tmp;
> struct upid *upid;
> int retval = -ENOMEM;
> @@ -205,43 +185,42 @@ struct pid *alloc_pid(struct pid_namespace *ns, pid_t *set_tid,
> set_tid_size--;
> }
>
> - idr_preload(GFP_KERNEL);
> - spin_lock_irq(&pidmap_lock);
> -
> if (tid) {
> - nr = idr_alloc(&tmp->idr, NULL, tid,
> - tid + 1, GFP_ATOMIC);
> + retval = xa_insert_irq(&tmp->xa, tid, NULL, GFP_KERNEL);
> +
> /*
> - * If ENOSPC is returned it means that the PID is
> + * If EBUSY is returned it means that the PID is
> * alreay in use. Return EEXIST in that case.
> */
> - if (nr == -ENOSPC)
> - nr = -EEXIST;
> + if (retval == -EBUSY)
> + retval = -EEXIST;
> } else {
> int pid_min = 1;
> +
> + xa_lock_irq(&tmp->xa);
> /*
> * init really needs pid 1, but after reaching the
> * maximum wrap back to RESERVED_PIDS
> */
> - if (idr_get_cursor(&tmp->idr) > RESERVED_PIDS)
> + if (tmp->cursor > RESERVED_PIDS)
> pid_min = RESERVED_PIDS;
>
> /*
> * Store a null pointer so find_pid_ns does not find
> * a partially initialized PID (see below).
> */
> - nr = idr_alloc_cyclic(&tmp->idr, NULL, pid_min,
> - pid_max, GFP_ATOMIC);
> + retval = __xa_alloc_cyclic(&tmp->xa, &tid, NULL,
> + XA_LIMIT(pid_min, pid_max),
> + &tmp->cursor, GFP_KERNEL);
> + xa_unlock_irq(&tmp->xa);
> + if (retval == -EBUSY)
> + retval = -EAGAIN;
> }
> - spin_unlock_irq(&pidmap_lock);
> - idr_preload_end();
>
> - if (nr < 0) {
> - retval = (nr == -ENOSPC) ? -EAGAIN : nr;
> + if (retval < 0)
> goto out_free;
> - }
>
> - pid->numbers[i].nr = nr;
> + pid->numbers[i].nr = tid;
> pid->numbers[i].ns = tmp;
> tmp = tmp->parent;
> }
> @@ -266,34 +245,35 @@ struct pid *alloc_pid(struct pid_namespace *ns, pid_t *set_tid,
> INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&pid->inodes);
>
> upid = pid->numbers + ns->level;
> - spin_lock_irq(&pidmap_lock);
> + xa_lock_irq(&ns->xa);
> if (!(ns->pid_allocated & PIDNS_ADDING))
> goto out_unlock;
> for ( ; upid >= pid->numbers; --upid) {
> /* Make the PID visible to find_pid_ns. */
> - idr_replace(&upid->ns->idr, pid, upid->nr);
> + if (upid->ns != ns)
> + xa_lock_irq(&ns->xa);
> + __xa_store(&upid->ns->xa, upid->nr, pid, 0);
> upid->ns->pid_allocated++;
> + xa_unlock_irq(&ns->xa);
> }
> - spin_unlock_irq(&pidmap_lock);
>
> return pid;
>
> out_unlock:
> - spin_unlock_irq(&pidmap_lock);
> + xa_unlock_irq(&ns->xa);
> put_pid_ns(ns);
>
> out_free:
> - spin_lock_irq(&pidmap_lock);
> while (++i <= ns->level) {
> upid = pid->numbers + i;
> - idr_remove(&upid->ns->idr, upid->nr);
> + xa_erase_irq(&upid->ns->xa, upid->nr);
> }
>
> + xa_lock_irq(&ns->xa);
> /* On failure to allocate the first pid, reset the state */
> if (ns->pid_allocated == PIDNS_ADDING)
> - idr_set_cursor(&ns->idr, 0);
> -
> - spin_unlock_irq(&pidmap_lock);
> + ns->cursor = 0;
> + xa_unlock_irq(&ns->xa);
>
> kmem_cache_free(ns->pid_cachep, pid);
> return ERR_PTR(retval);
> @@ -301,14 +281,14 @@ struct pid *alloc_pid(struct pid_namespace *ns, pid_t *set_tid,
>
> void disable_pid_allocation(struct pid_namespace *ns)
> {
> - spin_lock_irq(&pidmap_lock);
> + xa_lock_irq(&ns->xa);
> ns->pid_allocated &= ~PIDNS_ADDING;
> - spin_unlock_irq(&pidmap_lock);
> + xa_unlock_irq(&ns->xa);
> }
>
> struct pid *find_pid_ns(int nr, struct pid_namespace *ns)
> {
> - return idr_find(&ns->idr, nr);
> + return xa_load(&ns->xa, nr);
> }
> EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(find_pid_ns);
>
> @@ -517,7 +497,9 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(task_active_pid_ns);
> */
> struct pid *find_ge_pid(int nr, struct pid_namespace *ns)
> {
> - return idr_get_next(&ns->idr, &nr);
> + unsigned long index = nr;
> +
> + return xa_find(&ns->xa, &index, ULONG_MAX, XA_PRESENT);
> }
>
> struct pid *pidfd_get_pid(unsigned int fd, unsigned int *flags)
> @@ -646,7 +628,7 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE2(pidfd_open, pid_t, pid, unsigned int, flags)
> return fd;
> }
>
> -void __init pid_idr_init(void)
> +void __init pid_init(void)
> {
> /* Verify no one has done anything silly: */
> BUILD_BUG_ON(PID_MAX_LIMIT >= PIDNS_ADDING);
> @@ -658,8 +640,6 @@ void __init pid_idr_init(void)
> PIDS_PER_CPU_MIN * num_possible_cpus());
> pr_info("pid_max: default: %u minimum: %u\n", pid_max, pid_max_min);
>
> - idr_init(&init_pid_ns.idr);
> -
> init_pid_ns.pid_cachep = KMEM_CACHE(pid,
> SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN | SLAB_PANIC | SLAB_ACCOUNT);
> }
> diff --git a/kernel/pid_namespace.c b/kernel/pid_namespace.c
> index f4f8cb0435b4..947e25fb8546 100644
> --- a/kernel/pid_namespace.c
> +++ b/kernel/pid_namespace.c
> @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
> #include <linux/export.h>
> #include <linux/sched/task.h>
> #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
> -#include <linux/idr.h>
> +#include <linux/xarray.h>
>
> static DEFINE_MUTEX(pid_caches_mutex);
> static struct kmem_cache *pid_ns_cachep;
> @@ -92,15 +92,15 @@ static struct pid_namespace *create_pid_namespace(struct user_namespace *user_ns
> if (ns == NULL)
> goto out_dec;
>
> - idr_init(&ns->idr);
> + xa_init_flags(&ns->xa, PID_XA_FLAGS);
>
> ns->pid_cachep = create_pid_cachep(level);
> if (ns->pid_cachep == NULL)
> - goto out_free_idr;
> + goto out_free_xa;
>
> err = ns_alloc_inum(&ns->ns);
> if (err)
> - goto out_free_idr;
> + goto out_free_xa;
> ns->ns.ops = &pidns_operations;
>
> refcount_set(&ns->ns.count, 1);
> @@ -112,8 +112,8 @@ static struct pid_namespace *create_pid_namespace(struct user_namespace *user_ns
>
> return ns;
>
> -out_free_idr:
> - idr_destroy(&ns->idr);
> +out_free_xa:
> + xa_destroy(&ns->xa);
> kmem_cache_free(pid_ns_cachep, ns);
> out_dec:
> dec_pid_namespaces(ucounts);
> @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ static void destroy_pid_namespace(struct pid_namespace *ns)
> {
> ns_free_inum(&ns->ns);
>
> - idr_destroy(&ns->idr);
> + xa_destroy(&ns->xa);
> call_rcu(&ns->rcu, delayed_free_pidns);
> }
>
> @@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(put_pid_ns);
>
> void zap_pid_ns_processes(struct pid_namespace *pid_ns)
> {
> - int nr;
> + long nr;
> int rc;
> struct task_struct *task, *me = current;
> int init_pids = thread_group_leader(me) ? 1 : 2;
> @@ -198,8 +198,7 @@ void zap_pid_ns_processes(struct pid_namespace *pid_ns)
> */
> rcu_read_lock();
> read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
> - nr = 2;
> - idr_for_each_entry_continue(&pid_ns->idr, pid, nr) {
> + xa_for_each_range(&pid_ns->xa, nr, pid, 2, ULONG_MAX) {
> task = pid_task(pid, PIDTYPE_PID);
> if (task && !__fatal_signal_pending(task))
> group_send_sig_info(SIGKILL, SEND_SIG_PRIV, task, PIDTYPE_MAX);
> @@ -272,12 +271,12 @@ static int pid_ns_ctl_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
> * it should synchronize its usage with external means.
> */
>
> - next = idr_get_cursor(&pid_ns->idr) - 1;
> + next = pid_ns->cursor - 1;
>
> tmp.data = &next;
> ret = proc_dointvec_minmax(&tmp, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
> if (!ret && write)
> - idr_set_cursor(&pid_ns->idr, next + 1);
> + pid_ns->cursor = next + 1;
>
> return ret;
> }
