Hi, I took a bit of time to clean this up since I posted the RFC. I don't really know the lockdep code much, so this is about as far as I get without asking for review. I don't know if this is considered useful, but if it is, then maybe we can merge it and then fill in the bits for annotating other reclaim contexts. The only problem is the lock usage character string won't scale well with more lock contexts. Why not just print out the hex value of the flags? Simple and easy to decode and extend. --- After noticing some code in mm/filemap.c accidentally perform a __GFP_FS allocation when it should not have been, I thought it might be a good idea to try to catch this kind of thing with lockdep. I coded up a little idea that seems to work. It reuses the interrupt context discovery and annotation mechanism to reclaim contexts in order to discover possible deadlocks without having to actually hit them. If a lock is held while performing a __GFP_FS allocation, then that lock must not be taken during __GFP_FS reclaim. And vice versa. Further possibilities: __GFP_IO, and __GFP_WAIT (without IO or FS). But filesystems are probably the most complicated with tricky locking, so let's start here first. Example output: ================================= [ INFO: inconsistent lock state ] 2.6.28-rc6-00007-ged31348-dirty #26 --------------------------------- inconsistent {in-reclaim-W} -> {ov-reclaim-W} usage. modprobe/8526 [HC0[0]:SC0[0]:HE1:SE1] takes: (testlock){--..}, at: [<ffffffffa0020055>] brd_init+0x55/0x216 [brd] {in-reclaim-W} state was registered at: [<ffffffff80267bdb>] __lock_acquire+0x75b/0x1a60 [<ffffffff80268f71>] lock_acquire+0x91/0xc0 [<ffffffff8070f0e1>] mutex_lock_nested+0xb1/0x310 [<ffffffffa002002b>] brd_init+0x2b/0x216 [brd] [<ffffffff8020903b>] _stext+0x3b/0x170 [<ffffffff80272ebf>] sys_init_module+0xaf/0x1e0 [<ffffffff8020c3fb>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b [<ffffffffffffffff>] 0xffffffffffffffff irq event stamp: 3929 hardirqs last enabled at (3929): [<ffffffff8070f2b5>] mutex_lock_nested+0x285/0x310 hardirqs last disabled at (3928): [<ffffffff8070f089>] mutex_lock_nested+0x59/0x310 softirqs last enabled at (3732): [<ffffffff8061f623>] sk_filter+0x83/0xe0 softirqs last disabled at (3730): [<ffffffff8061f5b6>] sk_filter+0x16/0xe0 other info that might help us debug this: 1 lock held by modprobe/8526: #0: (testlock){--..}, at: [<ffffffffa0020055>] brd_init+0x55/0x216 [brd] stack backtrace: Pid: 8526, comm: modprobe Not tainted 2.6.28-rc6-00007-ged31348-dirty #26 Call Trace: [<ffffffff80265483>] print_usage_bug+0x193/0x1d0 [<ffffffff80266530>] mark_lock+0xaf0/0xca0 [<ffffffff80266735>] mark_held_locks+0x55/0xc0 [<ffffffffa0020000>] ? brd_init+0x0/0x216 [brd] [<ffffffff802667ca>] trace_reclaim_fs+0x2a/0x60 [<ffffffff80285005>] __alloc_pages_internal+0x475/0x580 [<ffffffff8070f29e>] ? mutex_lock_nested+0x26e/0x310 [<ffffffffa0020000>] ? brd_init+0x0/0x216 [brd] [<ffffffffa002006a>] brd_init+0x6a/0x216 [brd] [<ffffffffa0020000>] ? brd_init+0x0/0x216 [brd] [<ffffffff8020903b>] _stext+0x3b/0x170 [<ffffffff8070f8b9>] ? mutex_unlock+0x9/0x10 [<ffffffff8070f83d>] ? __mutex_unlock_slowpath+0x10d/0x180 [<ffffffff802669ec>] ? trace_hardirqs_on_caller+0x12c/0x190 [<ffffffff80272ebf>] sys_init_module+0xaf/0x1e0 [<ffffffff8020c3fb>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@xxxxxxx> --- include/linux/lockdep.h | 14 +++ include/linux/sched.h | 1 kernel/lockdep.c | 186 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---- mm/page_alloc.c | 13 +++ 4 files changed, 201 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) Index: linux-2.6/include/linux/lockdep.h =================================================================== --- linux-2.6.orig/include/linux/lockdep.h 2009-01-20 18:36:58.000000000 +1100 +++ linux-2.6/include/linux/lockdep.h 2009-01-20 18:44:41.000000000 +1100 @@ -27,12 +27,16 @@ enum lock_usage_bit LOCK_USED = 0, LOCK_USED_IN_HARDIRQ, LOCK_USED_IN_SOFTIRQ, + LOCK_USED_IN_RECLAIM_FS, LOCK_ENABLED_SOFTIRQS, LOCK_ENABLED_HARDIRQS, + LOCK_HELD_OVER_RECLAIM_FS, LOCK_USED_IN_HARDIRQ_READ, LOCK_USED_IN_SOFTIRQ_READ, + LOCK_USED_IN_RECLAIM_FS_READ, LOCK_ENABLED_SOFTIRQS_READ, LOCK_ENABLED_HARDIRQS_READ, + LOCK_HELD_OVER_RECLAIM_FS_READ, LOCK_USAGE_STATES }; @@ -42,22 +46,29 @@ enum lock_usage_bit #define LOCKF_USED (1 << LOCK_USED) #define LOCKF_USED_IN_HARDIRQ (1 << LOCK_USED_IN_HARDIRQ) #define LOCKF_USED_IN_SOFTIRQ (1 << LOCK_USED_IN_SOFTIRQ) +#define LOCKF_USED_IN_RECLAIM_FS (1 << LOCK_USED_IN_RECLAIM_FS) #define LOCKF_ENABLED_HARDIRQS (1 << LOCK_ENABLED_HARDIRQS) #define LOCKF_ENABLED_SOFTIRQS (1 << LOCK_ENABLED_SOFTIRQS) +#define LOCKF_HELD_OVER_RECLAIM_FS (1 << LOCK_HELD_OVER_RECLAIM_FS) #define LOCKF_ENABLED_IRQS (LOCKF_ENABLED_HARDIRQS | LOCKF_ENABLED_SOFTIRQS) #define LOCKF_USED_IN_IRQ (LOCKF_USED_IN_HARDIRQ | LOCKF_USED_IN_SOFTIRQ) #define LOCKF_USED_IN_HARDIRQ_READ (1 << LOCK_USED_IN_HARDIRQ_READ) #define LOCKF_USED_IN_SOFTIRQ_READ (1 << LOCK_USED_IN_SOFTIRQ_READ) +#define LOCKF_USED_IN_RECLAIM_FS_READ (1 << LOCK_USED_IN_RECLAIM_FS_READ) #define LOCKF_ENABLED_HARDIRQS_READ (1 << LOCK_ENABLED_HARDIRQS_READ) #define LOCKF_ENABLED_SOFTIRQS_READ (1 << LOCK_ENABLED_SOFTIRQS_READ) +#define LOCKF_HELD_OVER_RECLAIM_FS_READ (1 << LOCK_HELD_OVER_RECLAIM_FS_READ) #define LOCKF_ENABLED_IRQS_READ \ (LOCKF_ENABLED_HARDIRQS_READ | LOCKF_ENABLED_SOFTIRQS_READ) #define LOCKF_USED_IN_IRQ_READ \ (LOCKF_USED_IN_HARDIRQ_READ | LOCKF_USED_IN_SOFTIRQ_READ) +#define LOCKDEP_PF_RECLAIM_FS_BIT 1 /* Process is with a GFP_FS + * allocation context */ + #define MAX_LOCKDEP_SUBCLASSES 8UL /* @@ -324,7 +335,7 @@ static inline void lock_set_subclass(str lock_set_class(lock, lock->name, lock->key, subclass, ip); } -# define INIT_LOCKDEP .lockdep_recursion = 0, +# define INIT_LOCKDEP .lockdep_recursion = 0, .lockdep_flags = 0, #define lockdep_depth(tsk) (debug_locks ? (tsk)->lockdep_depth : 0) @@ -402,6 +413,7 @@ static inline void early_init_irq_lock_c extern void early_boot_irqs_off(void); extern void early_boot_irqs_on(void); extern void print_irqtrace_events(struct task_struct *curr); +extern void trace_reclaim_fs(void); #else static inline void early_boot_irqs_off(void) { Index: linux-2.6/kernel/lockdep.c =================================================================== --- linux-2.6.orig/kernel/lockdep.c 2009-01-20 18:36:58.000000000 +1100 +++ linux-2.6/kernel/lockdep.c 2009-01-20 19:19:59.000000000 +1100 @@ -310,12 +310,14 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(lockdep_on); #if VERBOSE # define HARDIRQ_VERBOSE 1 # define SOFTIRQ_VERBOSE 1 +# define RECLAIM_VERBOSE 1 #else # define HARDIRQ_VERBOSE 0 # define SOFTIRQ_VERBOSE 0 +# define RECLAIM_VERBOSE 0 #endif -#if VERBOSE || HARDIRQ_VERBOSE || SOFTIRQ_VERBOSE +#if VERBOSE || HARDIRQ_VERBOSE || SOFTIRQ_VERBOSE || RECLAIM_VERBOSE /* * Quick filtering for interesting events: */ @@ -454,6 +456,10 @@ static const char *usage_str[] = [LOCK_USED_IN_SOFTIRQ_READ] = "in-softirq-R", [LOCK_ENABLED_SOFTIRQS_READ] = "softirq-on-R", [LOCK_ENABLED_HARDIRQS_READ] = "hardirq-on-R", + [LOCK_USED_IN_RECLAIM_FS] = "in-reclaim-W", + [LOCK_USED_IN_RECLAIM_FS_READ] = "in-reclaim-R", + [LOCK_HELD_OVER_RECLAIM_FS] = "ov-reclaim-W", + [LOCK_HELD_OVER_RECLAIM_FS_READ] = "ov-reclaim-R", }; const char * __get_key_name(struct lockdep_subclass_key *key, char *str) @@ -462,9 +468,10 @@ const char * __get_key_name(struct lockd } void -get_usage_chars(struct lock_class *class, char *c1, char *c2, char *c3, char *c4) +get_usage_chars(struct lock_class *class, char *c1, char *c2, char *c3, + char *c4, char *c5, char *c6) { - *c1 = '.', *c2 = '.', *c3 = '.', *c4 = '.'; + *c1 = '.', *c2 = '.', *c3 = '.', *c4 = '.', *c5 = '.', *c6 = '.'; if (class->usage_mask & LOCKF_USED_IN_HARDIRQ) *c1 = '+'; @@ -493,14 +500,29 @@ get_usage_chars(struct lock_class *class if (class->usage_mask & LOCKF_ENABLED_SOFTIRQS_READ) *c4 = '?'; } + + if (class->usage_mask & LOCKF_USED_IN_RECLAIM_FS) + *c5 = '+'; + else + if (class->usage_mask & LOCKF_HELD_OVER_RECLAIM_FS) + *c5 = '-'; + + if (class->usage_mask & LOCKF_HELD_OVER_RECLAIM_FS_READ) + *c6 = '-'; + if (class->usage_mask & LOCKF_USED_IN_SOFTIRQ_READ) { + *c6 = '+'; + if (class->usage_mask & LOCKF_HELD_OVER_RECLAIM_FS_READ) + *c6 = '?'; + } + } static void print_lock_name(struct lock_class *class) { - char str[KSYM_NAME_LEN], c1, c2, c3, c4; + char str[KSYM_NAME_LEN], c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6; const char *name; - get_usage_chars(class, &c1, &c2, &c3, &c4); + get_usage_chars(class, &c1, &c2, &c3, &c4, &c5, &c6); name = class->name; if (!name) { @@ -513,7 +535,7 @@ static void print_lock_name(struct lock_ if (class->subclass) printk("/%d", class->subclass); } - printk("){%c%c%c%c}", c1, c2, c3, c4); + printk("){%c%c%c%c%c%c}", c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6); } static void print_lockdep_cache(struct lockdep_map *lock) @@ -1949,6 +1971,14 @@ static int softirq_verbose(struct lock_c return 0; } +static int reclaim_verbose(struct lock_class *class) +{ +#if RECLAIM_VERBOSE + return class_filter(class); +#endif + return 0; +} + #define STRICT_READ_CHECKS 1 static int mark_lock_irq(struct task_struct *curr, struct held_lock *this, @@ -2007,6 +2037,31 @@ static int mark_lock_irq(struct task_str if (softirq_verbose(hlock_class(this))) ret = 2; break; + case LOCK_USED_IN_RECLAIM_FS: + if (!valid_state(curr, this, new_bit, LOCK_HELD_OVER_RECLAIM_FS)) + return 0; + if (!valid_state(curr, this, new_bit, + LOCK_HELD_OVER_RECLAIM_FS_READ)) + return 0; + /* + * just marked it reclaim-fs-safe, check that this lock + * took no reclaim-fs-unsafe lock in the past: + */ + if (!check_usage_forwards(curr, this, + LOCK_HELD_OVER_RECLAIM_FS, "reclaim-fs")) + return 0; +#if STRICT_READ_CHECKS + /* + * just marked it reclaim-fs-safe, check that this lock + * took no reclaim-fs-unsafe-read lock in the past: + */ + if (!check_usage_forwards(curr, this, + LOCK_HELD_OVER_RECLAIM_FS_READ, "reclaim-fs-read")) + return 0; +#endif + if (reclaim_verbose(hlock_class(this))) + ret = 2; + break; case LOCK_USED_IN_HARDIRQ_READ: if (!valid_state(curr, this, new_bit, LOCK_ENABLED_HARDIRQS)) return 0; @@ -2033,6 +2088,19 @@ static int mark_lock_irq(struct task_str if (softirq_verbose(hlock_class(this))) ret = 2; break; + case LOCK_USED_IN_RECLAIM_FS_READ: + if (!valid_state(curr, this, new_bit, LOCK_HELD_OVER_RECLAIM_FS)) + return 0; + /* + * just marked it reclaim-fs-read-safe, check that this lock + * took no reclaim-fs-unsafe lock in the past: + */ + if (!check_usage_forwards(curr, this, + LOCK_HELD_OVER_RECLAIM_FS, "reclaim-fs")) + return 0; + if (reclaim_verbose(hlock_class(this))) + ret = 2; + break; case LOCK_ENABLED_HARDIRQS: if (!valid_state(curr, this, new_bit, LOCK_USED_IN_HARDIRQ)) return 0; @@ -2085,6 +2153,32 @@ static int mark_lock_irq(struct task_str if (softirq_verbose(hlock_class(this))) ret = 2; break; + case LOCK_HELD_OVER_RECLAIM_FS: + if (!valid_state(curr, this, new_bit, LOCK_USED_IN_RECLAIM_FS)) + return 0; + if (!valid_state(curr, this, new_bit, + LOCK_USED_IN_RECLAIM_FS_READ)) + return 0; + /* + * just marked it reclaim-fs-unsafe, check that no reclaim-fs-safe + * lock in the system ever took it in the past: + */ + if (!check_usage_backwards(curr, this, + LOCK_USED_IN_RECLAIM_FS, "reclaim-fs")) + return 0; +#if STRICT_READ_CHECKS + /* + * just marked it softirq-unsafe, check that no + * softirq-safe-read lock in the system ever took + * it in the past: + */ + if (!check_usage_backwards(curr, this, + LOCK_USED_IN_RECLAIM_FS_READ, "reclaim-fs-read")) + return 0; +#endif + if (reclaim_verbose(hlock_class(this))) + ret = 2; + break; case LOCK_ENABLED_HARDIRQS_READ: if (!valid_state(curr, this, new_bit, LOCK_USED_IN_HARDIRQ)) return 0; @@ -2115,6 +2209,21 @@ static int mark_lock_irq(struct task_str if (softirq_verbose(hlock_class(this))) ret = 2; break; + case LOCK_HELD_OVER_RECLAIM_FS_READ: + if (!valid_state(curr, this, new_bit, LOCK_USED_IN_RECLAIM_FS)) + return 0; +#if STRICT_READ_CHECKS + /* + * just marked it reclaim-fs-read-unsafe, check that no + * reclaim-fs-safe lock in the system ever took it in the past: + */ + if (!check_usage_backwards(curr, this, + LOCK_USED_IN_RECLAIM_FS, "reclaim-fs")) + return 0; +#endif + if (reclaim_verbose(hlock_class(this))) + ret = 2; + break; default: WARN_ON(1); break; @@ -2123,11 +2232,17 @@ static int mark_lock_irq(struct task_str return ret; } +enum mark_type { + HARDIRQ, + SOFTIRQ, + RECLAIM_FS, +}; + /* * Mark all held locks with a usage bit: */ static int -mark_held_locks(struct task_struct *curr, int hardirq) +mark_held_locks(struct task_struct *curr, enum mark_type mark) { enum lock_usage_bit usage_bit; struct held_lock *hlock; @@ -2136,17 +2251,32 @@ mark_held_locks(struct task_struct *curr for (i = 0; i < curr->lockdep_depth; i++) { hlock = curr->held_locks + i; - if (hardirq) { + switch (mark) { + case HARDIRQ: if (hlock->read) usage_bit = LOCK_ENABLED_HARDIRQS_READ; else usage_bit = LOCK_ENABLED_HARDIRQS; - } else { + break; + + case SOFTIRQ: if (hlock->read) usage_bit = LOCK_ENABLED_SOFTIRQS_READ; else usage_bit = LOCK_ENABLED_SOFTIRQS; + break; + + case RECLAIM_FS: + if (hlock->read) + usage_bit = LOCK_HELD_OVER_RECLAIM_FS_READ; + else + usage_bit = LOCK_HELD_OVER_RECLAIM_FS; + break; + + default: + BUG(); } + if (!mark_lock(curr, hlock, usage_bit)) return 0; } @@ -2200,7 +2330,7 @@ void trace_hardirqs_on_caller(unsigned l * We are going to turn hardirqs on, so set the * usage bit for all held locks: */ - if (!mark_held_locks(curr, 1)) + if (!mark_held_locks(curr, HARDIRQ)) return; /* * If we have softirqs enabled, then set the usage @@ -2208,7 +2338,7 @@ void trace_hardirqs_on_caller(unsigned l * this bit from being set before) */ if (curr->softirqs_enabled) - if (!mark_held_locks(curr, 0)) + if (!mark_held_locks(curr, SOFTIRQ)) return; curr->hardirq_enable_ip = ip; @@ -2288,7 +2418,7 @@ void trace_softirqs_on(unsigned long ip) * enabled too: */ if (curr->hardirqs_enabled) - mark_held_locks(curr, 0); + mark_held_locks(curr, SOFTIRQ); } /* @@ -2317,6 +2447,18 @@ void trace_softirqs_off(unsigned long ip debug_atomic_inc(&redundant_softirqs_off); } +void trace_reclaim_fs(void) +{ + struct task_struct *curr = current; + + if (unlikely(!debug_locks)) + return; + if (DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(irqs_disabled())) + return; + + mark_held_locks(curr, RECLAIM_FS); +} + static int mark_irqflags(struct task_struct *curr, struct held_lock *hlock) { /* @@ -2362,6 +2504,22 @@ static int mark_irqflags(struct task_str } } + /* + * We reuse the irq context infrastructure more broadly as a general + * context checking code. This tests GFP_FS recursion (a lock taken + * during reclaim for a GFP_FS allocation is held over a GFP_FS + * allocation). + */ + if (!hlock->trylock && test_bit(LOCKDEP_PF_RECLAIM_FS_BIT, + &curr->lockdep_flags)) { + if (hlock->read) + if (!mark_lock(curr, hlock, LOCK_USED_IN_RECLAIM_FS_READ)) + return 0; + else + if (!mark_lock(curr, hlock, LOCK_USED_IN_RECLAIM_FS)) + return 0; + } + return 1; } @@ -2453,6 +2611,10 @@ static int mark_lock(struct task_struct case LOCK_ENABLED_SOFTIRQS: case LOCK_ENABLED_HARDIRQS_READ: case LOCK_ENABLED_SOFTIRQS_READ: + case LOCK_USED_IN_RECLAIM_FS: + case LOCK_USED_IN_RECLAIM_FS_READ: + case LOCK_HELD_OVER_RECLAIM_FS: + case LOCK_HELD_OVER_RECLAIM_FS_READ: ret = mark_lock_irq(curr, this, new_bit); if (!ret) return 0; Index: linux-2.6/mm/page_alloc.c =================================================================== --- linux-2.6.orig/mm/page_alloc.c 2009-01-20 18:36:58.000000000 +1100 +++ linux-2.6/mm/page_alloc.c 2009-01-20 18:37:50.000000000 +1100 @@ -1479,6 +1479,11 @@ __alloc_pages_internal(gfp_t gfp_mask, u unsigned long did_some_progress; unsigned long pages_reclaimed = 0; +#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP + if ((gfp_mask & (__GFP_WAIT|__GFP_FS)) == (__GFP_WAIT|__GFP_FS) && !(p->flags & PF_MEMALLOC)) + trace_reclaim_fs(); +#endif + might_sleep_if(wait); if (should_fail_alloc_page(gfp_mask, order)) @@ -1578,12 +1583,20 @@ nofail_alloc: */ cpuset_update_task_memory_state(); p->flags |= PF_MEMALLOC; +#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP + if ((gfp_mask & (__GFP_WAIT|__GFP_FS)) == (__GFP_WAIT|__GFP_FS)) + set_bit(LOCKDEP_PF_RECLAIM_FS_BIT, &p->lockdep_flags); +#endif reclaim_state.reclaimed_slab = 0; p->reclaim_state = &reclaim_state; did_some_progress = try_to_free_pages(zonelist, order, gfp_mask); p->reclaim_state = NULL; +#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP + if ((gfp_mask & (__GFP_WAIT|__GFP_FS)) == (__GFP_WAIT|__GFP_FS)) + clear_bit(LOCKDEP_PF_RECLAIM_FS_BIT, &p->lockdep_flags); +#endif p->flags &= ~PF_MEMALLOC; cond_resched(); Index: linux-2.6/include/linux/sched.h =================================================================== --- linux-2.6.orig/include/linux/sched.h 2009-01-20 18:36:58.000000000 +1100 +++ linux-2.6/include/linux/sched.h 2009-01-20 18:37:50.000000000 +1100 @@ -1307,6 +1307,7 @@ struct task_struct { int lockdep_depth; unsigned int lockdep_recursion; struct held_lock held_locks[MAX_LOCK_DEPTH]; + unsigned long lockdep_flags; #endif /* journalling filesystem info */ Index: linux-2.6/kernel/lockdep_internals.h =================================================================== --- linux-2.6.orig/kernel/lockdep_internals.h 2009-01-20 19:19:54.000000000 +1100 +++ linux-2.6/kernel/lockdep_internals.h 2009-01-20 19:19:59.000000000 +1100 @@ -32,7 +32,8 @@ extern struct list_head all_lock_classes extern struct lock_chain lock_chains[]; extern void -get_usage_chars(struct lock_class *class, char *c1, char *c2, char *c3, char *c4); +get_usage_chars(struct lock_class *class, char *c1, char *c2, char *c3, + char *c4, char *c5, char *c6); extern const char * __get_key_name(struct lockdep_subclass_key *key, char *str); Index: linux-2.6/kernel/lockdep_proc.c =================================================================== --- linux-2.6.orig/kernel/lockdep_proc.c 2009-01-20 19:19:54.000000000 +1100 +++ linux-2.6/kernel/lockdep_proc.c 2009-01-20 19:19:59.000000000 +1100 @@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ static int l_show(struct seq_file *m, vo { struct lock_class *class = v; struct lock_list *entry; - char c1, c2, c3, c4; + char c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6; if (v == SEQ_START_TOKEN) { seq_printf(m, "all lock classes:\n"); @@ -100,8 +100,8 @@ static int l_show(struct seq_file *m, vo seq_printf(m, " BD:%5ld", lockdep_count_backward_deps(class)); #endif - get_usage_chars(class, &c1, &c2, &c3, &c4); - seq_printf(m, " %c%c%c%c", c1, c2, c3, c4); + get_usage_chars(class, &c1, &c2, &c3, &c4, &c5, &c6); + seq_printf(m, " %c%c%c%c%c%c", c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6); seq_printf(m, ": "); print_name(m, class); -- To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-fsdevel" in the body of a message to majordomo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html