This series adds zoned block device support to btrfs. Some of the patches in the previous series are already merged as preparation patches. This series and related changes to userland tools are also available on github. Kernel https://github.com/naota/linux/tree/btrfs-zoned-v15 Userland https://github.com/naota/btrfs-progs/tree/btrfs-zoned xfstests https://github.com/naota/fstests/tree/btrfs-zoned Userland tool depends on patched util-linux (libblkid and wipefs) to handle log-structured superblock. To ease the testing, pre-compiled static linked userland tools are available here: https://wdc.app.box.com/s/fnhqsb3otrvgkstq66o6bvdw6tk525kp Followup work will address several areas that can be improved. - Splitting an ordered extent: as we need to enforce the rule one BIO == one ordered extent, the BIO submission path could be improved to not require splitting ordered extents, but rather, to create ordered extents that can be processed with a single BIO. - Redirtying freed tree blocks: switch to keeping the blocks dirty - Dedicated tree-log block group: We need a tree-log for zoned device for performance reasons. Dbench (32 clients) is 85% slower with "-o notreelog". However, we need to separate tree-log block group from other metadata space_info to avoid premature ENOSPC problem - Relocation: Use normal write command for relocation. Also, relocated device extents must be reset and they should be discarded on regular btrfs too. - Support for zone capacity smaller than zone size (NVMe ZNS devices) - Support device open and active zones limits (NVMe ZNS devices) Also, we are leaving a fix for "btrfs: serialize log transaction on zoned filesystem" for later. Filipe pointed out that fsync() on zoned filesystem fallback to a full transaction commit even without concurrency, leading to performance degradation. There is a fix for this issue itself. However, the fix revealed other failures in fsync() path. Current code is slower but working. So, we leave this performance fix for later. Changes from v14(+ fixed in for-next) - Fix commit log, messages and comment styles (David) - Added some comments to code - Do not always call inode_need_compress() (patch 29) - Fix double unlock in mark_block_group_to_copy() (patch 33) - Do not limit parallelism for non-zoned FS (patch 41) btrfs-progs and xfstests series will follow. This version of ZONED btrfs switched from normal write command to zone append write command. You do not need to specify LBA (at the write pointer) to write for zone append write command. Instead, you only select a zone to write with its start LBA. Then the device (NVMe ZNS), or the emulation of zone append command in the sd driver in the case of SAS or SATA HDDs, automatically writes the data at the write pointer position and return the written LBA as a command reply. The benefit of using the zone append write command is that write command issuing order does not matter. So, we can eliminate block group lock and utilize asynchronous checksum, which can reorder the IOs. Eliminating the lock improves performance. In particular, on a workload with massive competing to the same zone [1], we observed 36% performance improvement compared to normal write. [1] Fio running 16 jobs with 4KB random writes for 5 minutes However, there are some limitations. We cannot use the non-SINGLE profile. Supporting non-SINGLE profile with zone append writing is not trivial. For example, in the DUP profile, we send a zone append writing IO to two zones on a device. The device reply with written LBAs for the IOs. If the offsets of the returned addresses from the beginning of the zone are different, then it results in different logical addresses. For the same reason, we cannot issue multiple IOs for one ordered extent. Thus, the size of an ordered extent is limited under max_zone_append_size. This limitation will cause fragmentation and increased usage of metadata. In the future, we can add optimization to merge ordered extents after end_bio. * Patch series description A zoned block device consists of a number of zones. Zones are either conventional and accepting random writes or sequential and requiring that writes be issued in LBA order from each zone write pointer position. This patch series ensures that the sequential write constraint of sequential zones is respected while fundamentally not changing BtrFS block and I/O management for block stored in conventional zones. To achieve this, the default chunk size of btrfs is changed on zoned block devices so that chunks are always aligned to a zone. Allocation of blocks within a chunk is changed so that the allocation is always sequential from the beginning of the chunks. To do so, an allocation pointer is added to block groups and used as the allocation hint. The allocation changes also ensure that blocks freed below the allocation pointer are ignored, resulting in sequential block allocation regardless of the chunk usage. The zone of a chunk is reset to allow reuse of the zone only when the block group is being freed, that is, when all the chunks of the block group are unused. For btrfs volumes composed of multiple zoned disks, a restriction is added to ensure that all disks have the same zone size. This restriction matches the existing constraint that all chunks in a block group must have the same size. * Enabling tree-log The tree-log feature does not work on ZONED mode as is. Blocks for a tree-log tree are allocated mixed with other metadata blocks, and btrfs writes and syncs the tree-log blocks to devices at the time of fsync(), which is different timing than a global transaction commit. As a result, both writing tree-log blocks and writing other metadata blocks become non-sequential writes which ZONED mode must avoid. This series introduces a dedicated block group for tree-log blocks to create two metadata writing streams, one for tree-log blocks and the other for metadata blocks. As a result, each write stream can now be written to devices separately and sequentially. * Log-structured superblock Superblock (and its copies) is the only data structure in btrfs which has a fixed location on a device. Since we cannot overwrite in a sequential write required zone, we cannot place superblock in the zone. This series implements superblock log writing. It uses two zones as a circular buffer to write updated superblocks. Once the first zone is filled up, start writing into the second zone. The first zone will be reset once both zones are filled. We can determine the postion of the latest superblock by reading the write pointer information from a device. * Patch series organization Patches 1 and 2 are preparing patches for block and iomap layer. Patches 3 to 7 are fixes for previous patches or preparing for the latter patches. Patch 8 implements emulated zoned mode for non-zoned devices. Patches 9 and 10 tweak the device extent allocation for ZONED mode and add verification to check if a device extent is properly aligned to zones. Patches 11 to 14 implements sequential block allocator for ZONED mode. Patches 15 and 16 tweak some btrfs features work with emulated ZONED mode. These include re-dirtying (and pinning) of once-freed metadata blocks to prevent write holes, and advancing the allocation offset for tree-log node blocks. Patches 17 and later are for real zoned devices. Patch 17 implement a zone reset for unused block groups. Patches 18 to 31 implement the writing path for several types of IO (non-compressed data, direct IO, and metadata). These include re-dirtying once-freed metadata blocks to prevent write holes. Patches 32 to 41 tweak some btrfs features work with ZONED mode. These include device-replace, relocation, repairing IO error, and tree-log. Patch 42 adds the ZONED feature to the list of supported features. * Patch testing note ** Zone-aware util-linux Since the log-structured superblock feature changed the location of superblock magic, the current util-linux (libblkid) cannot detect ZONED btrfs anymore. You need to apply a to-be posted patch to util-linux to make it "zone aware". ** Testing device You need devices with zone append writing command support to run ZONED btrfs. Other than real devices, null_blk supports zone append write command. You can use memory backed null_blk to run the test on it. Following script creates 12800 MB /dev/nullb0. sysfs=/sys/kernel/config/nullb/nullb0 size=12800 # MB # drop nullb0 if [[ -d $sysfs ]]; then echo 0 > "${sysfs}"/power rmdir $sysfs fi lsmod | grep -q null_blk && rmmod null_blk modprobe null_blk nr_devices=0 mkdir "${sysfs}" echo "${size}" > "${sysfs}"/size echo 1 > "${sysfs}"/zoned echo 0 > "${sysfs}"/zone_nr_conv echo 1 > "${sysfs}"/memory_backed echo 1 > "${sysfs}"/power udevadm settle Zoned SCSI devices such as SMR HDDs or scsi_debug also support the zone append command as an emulated command within the SCSI sd driver. This emulation is completely transparent to the user and provides the same semantic as a NVMe ZNS native drive support. Also, there is a qemu patch available to enable NVMe ZNS device. ** xfstests We ran xfstests on ZONED btrfs, and, if we omit some cases that are known to fail currently, all test cases pass. Cases that can be ignored: 1) failing also with the regular btrfs on regular devices, 2) trying to test fallocate feature without testing with "_require_xfs_io_command "falloc"", 3) trying to test incompatible features for ZONED btrfs (e.g. RAID5/6) 4) trying to use incompatible setup for ZONED btrfs (e.g. dm-linear not aligned to zone boundary, swap) 5) trying to create a file system with too small size, (we require at least 9 zones to initiate a ZONED btrfs) 6) dropping original MKFS_OPTIONS ("-O zoned"), so it cannot create ZONED btrfs (btrfs/003) 7) having ENOSPC which incurred by larger metadata block group size I will send a patch series for xfstests to handle these cases (2-6) properly. Patched xfstests is available here: https://github.com/naota/fstests/tree/btrfs-zoned Also, you need to apply the following patch if you run xfstests with tcmu devices. xfstests btrfs/003 failed to "_devmgt_add" after "_devmgt_remove" without this patch. https://marc.info/?l=linux-scsi&m=156498625421698&w=2 v14 https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/SN4PR0401MB359814032CDF9889ED2DA7FA9BB89@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx/T/ v13 https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/cover.1611295439.git.naohiro.aota@xxxxxxx/T/ v12 https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/cover.1610693036.git.naohiro.aota@xxxxxxx/T/ v11 https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/SN4PR0401MB35989E15509A0D36CBC35B109BAA0@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx/T/#t v10 https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/cover.1605007036.git.naohiro.aota@xxxxxxx/ v9 https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/cover.1604065156.git.naohiro.aota@xxxxxxx/ v8 https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/cover.1601572459.git.naohiro.aota@xxxxxxx/ v7 https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/20200911123259.3782926-1-naohiro.aota@xxxxxxx/ v6 https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/20191213040915.3502922-1-naohiro.aota@xxxxxxx/ v5 https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/20191204082513.857320-1-naohiro.aota@xxxxxxx/ v4 https://lwn.net/Articles/797061/ v3 https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/20190808093038.4163421-1-naohiro.aota@xxxxxxx/ v2 https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/20190607131025.31996-1-naohiro.aota@xxxxxxx/ v1 https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/20180809180450.5091-1-naota@xxxxxxxxx/ Changelog v13 - Rebased on the latest misc-next - Fix conflicts - Bug fix - Fix use-after-free in read_one_block_group() (Patch 05) - Set ffe_ctl->max_extent_size and total_free_size properly (Patch 14) - Add check if a bio spans across ordered extents (Patch 23) - Add comment. v12 - Addressed the review comments - Add @return to btrfs_bio_add_page() - Load and pass struct btrfs_block_group_item* to read_one_block_group - Remove lock contention from transaction log serialisation - Introduce btrfs_clear_treelog_bg() helper - Do not eat errored return value in calculate_alloc_pointer() - Handle errors from btrfs_add_ordered_extent() in clone_ordered_extent() - Use btrfs_is_zoned in btrfs_ioctl_fitrim() - Code style and commit message fix - Use the same SB locations as regular btrfs if the device is non-zoned. - Remove "force_zoned" flag since it's no longer necessary by delaying the load of zone info. - Added comments. v11 - Added emulated zoned mode support. - Change superblock (SB) location on conventional zones to unify the location of primary SB on regular btrfs and emulated zoned btrfs. - Move zone info loading later to open_ctre() stage to determine emulated zone size from the size of device extents. - Set REQ_OP_ZONE_APPEND only if the block group is on a sequential zone. - Disallow fitrim on zoned mode for now. - Mark fully zone_unusable block group as unused, so that it can be reclaimed soon. - Replace: do not issue zero out on conventional zones. - Add treelog_bg_lock's lock order description. - Open code btrfs_align_offset_to_zone() and dev_extent_search_start_zoned() (Anand). - Bug fix: - Re-check pending extent if device extent hole is changed by dev_extent_hole_check_zoned() - Do not load allocation pointer for new block group on conventional zones to avoid deadlock. v10 - Added emulated zoned mode support. - Change superblock (SB) location on conventional zones to unify the location of primary SB on regular btrfs and emulated zoned btrfs. - Move zone info loading later to open_ctre() stage to determine emulated zone size from the size of device extents. - Set REQ_OP_ZONE_APPEND only if the block group is on a sequential zone. - Disallow fitrim on zoned mode for now. - Mark fully zone_unusable block group as unused, so that it can be reclaimed soon. - Replace: do not issue zero out on conventional zones. - Add treelog_bg_lock's lock order description. - Open code btrfs_align_offset_to_zone() and dev_extent_search_start_zoned() (Anand). - Bug fix: - Re-check pending extent if device extent hole is changed by dev_extent_hole_check_zoned() - Do not load allocation pointer for new block group on conventional zones to avoid deadlock. v9 - Direct-IO path now follow several hardware restrictions (other than max_zone_append_size) by using ZONE_APPEND support of iomap - introduces union of fs_info->zone_size and fs_info->zoned [Johannes] - and use btrfs_is_zoned(fs_info) in place of btrfs_fs_incompat(fs_info, ZONED) - print if zoned is enabled or not when printing module info [Johannes] - drop patch of disabling inode_cache on ZONED - moved for_teelog flag to a proper location [Johannes] - Code style fixes [Johannes] - Add comment about adding physical layer things to ordered extent structure - Pass file_offset explicitly to extract_ordered_extent() instead of determining it from bio - Bug fixes - write out fsync region so that the logical address of ordered extents and checksums are properly finalized - free zone_info at umount time - fix superblock log handling when entering zones[1] in the first time - fixes double free of log-tree roots [Johannes] - Drop erroneous ASSERT in do_allocation_zoned() v8 - Use bio_add_hw_page() to build up bio to honor hardware restrictions - add bio_add_zone_append_page() as a wrapper of the function - Split file extent on submitting bio - If bio_add_zone_append_page() fails, split the file extent and send out bio - so, we can ensure one bio == one file extent - Fix build bot issues - Rebased on misc-next v7: - Use zone append write command instead of normal write command - Bio issuing order does not matter - No need to use lock anymore - Can use asynchronous checksum - Removed RAID support for now - Rename HMZONED to ZONED - Split some patches - Rebased on kdave/for-5.9-rc3 + iomap direct IO v6: - Use bitmap helpers (Johannes) - Code cleanup (Johannes) - Rebased on kdave/for-5.5 - Enable the tree-log feature. - Treat conventional zones as sequential zones, so we can now allow mixed allocation of conventional zone and sequential write required zone to construct a block group. - Implement log-structured superblock - No need for one conventional zone at the beginning of a device. - Fix deadlock of direct IO writing - Fix building with !CONFIG_BLK_DEV_ZONED (Johannes) - Fix leak of zone_info (Johannes) v5: - Rebased on kdave/for-5.5 - Enable the tree-log feature. - Treat conventional zones as sequential zones, so we can now allow mixed allocation of conventional zone and sequential write required zone to construct a block group. - Implement log-structured superblock - No need for one conventional zone at the beginning of a device. - Fix deadlock of direct IO writing - Fix building with !CONFIG_BLK_DEV_ZONED (Johannes) - Fix leak of zone_info (Johannes) v4: - Move memory allcation of zone informattion out of btrfs_get_dev_zones() (Anand) - Add disabled features table in commit log (Anand) - Ensure "max_chunk_size >= devs_min * data_stripes * zone_size" v3: - Serialize allocation and submit_bio instead of bio buffering in btrfs_map_bio(). -- Disable async checksum/submit in HMZONED mode - Introduce helper functions and hmzoned.c/h (Josef, David) - Add support for repairing IO failure - Add support for NOCOW direct IO write (Josef) - Disable preallocation entirely -- Disable INODE_MAP_CACHE -- relocation is reworked not to rely on preallocation in HMZONED mode - Disable NODATACOW -Disable MIXED_BG - Device extent that cover super block position is banned (David) v2: - Add support for dev-replace -- To support dev-replace, moved submit_buffer one layer up. It now handles bio instead of btrfs_bio. -- Mark unmirrored Block Group readonly only when there are writable mirrored BGs. Necessary to handle degraded RAID. - Expire worker use vanilla delayed_work instead of btrfs's async-thread - Device extent allocator now ensure that region is on the same zone type. - Add delayed allocation shrinking. - Rename btrfs_drop_dev_zonetypes() to btrfs_destroy_dev_zonetypes - Fix -- Use SECTOR_SHIFT (Nikolay) -- Use btrfs_err (Nikolay) Johannes Thumshirn (7): block: add bio_add_zone_append_page btrfs: release path before calling to btrfs_load_block_group_zone_info btrfs: zoned: do not load fs_info::zoned from incompat flag btrfs: zoned: allow zoned filesystems on non-zoned block devices btrfs: zoned: check if bio spans across an ordered extent btrfs: zoned: cache if block-group is on a sequential zone btrfs: save irq flags when looking up an ordered extent Naohiro Aota (35): iomap: support REQ_OP_ZONE_APPEND btrfs: zoned: defer loading zone info after opening trees btrfs: zoned: use regular super block location on zone emulation btrfs: zoned: disallow fitrim on zoned filesystems btrfs: zoned: implement zoned chunk allocator btrfs: zoned: verify device extent is aligned to zone btrfs: zoned: load zone's allocation offset btrfs: zoned: calculate allocation offset for conventional zones btrfs: zoned: track unusable bytes for zones btrfs: zoned: implement sequential extent allocation btrfs: zoned: redirty released extent buffers btrfs: zoned: advance allocation pointer after tree log node btrfs: zoned: reset zones of unused block groups btrfs: factor out helper adding a page to bio btrfs: zoned: use bio_add_zone_append_page btrfs: zoned: handle REQ_OP_ZONE_APPEND as writing btrfs: zoned: split ordered extent when bio is sent btrfs: extend btrfs_rmap_block for specifying a device btrfs: zoned: use ZONE_APPEND write for zoned btrfs btrfs: zoned: enable zone append writing for direct IO btrfs: zoned: introduce dedicated data write path for zoned filesystems btrfs: zoned: serialize metadata IO btrfs: zoned: wait for existing extents before truncating btrfs: zoned: do not use async metadata checksum on zoned filesystems btrfs: zoned: mark block groups to copy for device-replace btrfs: zoned: implement cloning for zoned device-replace btrfs: zoned: implement copying for zoned device-replace btrfs: zoned: support dev-replace in zoned filesystems btrfs: zoned: enable relocation on a zoned filesystem btrfs: zoned: relocate block group to repair IO failure in zoned filesystems btrfs: split alloc_log_tree() btrfs: zoned: extend zoned allocator to use dedicated tree-log block group btrfs: zoned: serialize log transaction on zoned filesystems btrfs: zoned: reorder log node allocation on zoned filesystem btrfs: zoned: enable to mount ZONED incompat flag block/bio.c | 33 ++ fs/btrfs/block-group.c | 134 +++-- fs/btrfs/block-group.h | 21 +- fs/btrfs/ctree.h | 8 +- fs/btrfs/dev-replace.c | 184 +++++++ fs/btrfs/dev-replace.h | 3 + fs/btrfs/disk-io.c | 66 ++- fs/btrfs/disk-io.h | 2 + fs/btrfs/extent-tree.c | 230 +++++++- fs/btrfs/extent_io.c | 139 ++++- fs/btrfs/extent_io.h | 2 + fs/btrfs/file.c | 6 +- fs/btrfs/free-space-cache.c | 87 +++ fs/btrfs/free-space-cache.h | 2 + fs/btrfs/inode.c | 197 ++++++- fs/btrfs/ioctl.c | 8 + fs/btrfs/ordered-data.c | 86 ++- fs/btrfs/ordered-data.h | 10 + fs/btrfs/relocation.c | 34 +- fs/btrfs/scrub.c | 143 +++++ fs/btrfs/space-info.c | 13 +- fs/btrfs/space-info.h | 4 +- fs/btrfs/sysfs.c | 2 + fs/btrfs/tests/extent-map-tests.c | 2 +- fs/btrfs/transaction.c | 10 + fs/btrfs/transaction.h | 3 + fs/btrfs/tree-log.c | 62 ++- fs/btrfs/volumes.c | 314 ++++++++++- fs/btrfs/volumes.h | 3 + fs/btrfs/zoned.c | 874 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- fs/btrfs/zoned.h | 157 +++++- fs/iomap/direct-io.c | 43 +- include/linux/bio.h | 2 + include/linux/iomap.h | 1 + 34 files changed, 2716 insertions(+), 169 deletions(-) -- 2.30.0
