Userland tool depends on patched util-linux (libblkid and wipefs) to handle
log-structured superblock. To ease the testing, pre-compiled static linked
userland tools are available here:
https://wdc.app.box.com/s/fnhqsb3otrvgkstq66o6bvdw6tk525kp
This v10 still leaves the following issues left for later fix. But, the
first part of the series should be good shape to be merged.
- Bio submission path & splitting an ordered extent
- Redirtying freed tree blocks
- Switch to keeping it dirty
- Not working correctly for now
- Dedicated tree-log block group
- We need tree-log for zoned device
- Dbench (32 clients) is 85% slower with "-o notreelog"
- Need to separate tree-log block group from other metadata space_info
- Relocation
- Use normal write command for relocation
- Relocated device extents must be reset
- It should be discarded on regular btrfs too though
Changes from v9:
- Extract iomap_dio_bio_opflags() to set the proper bi_opf flag
- write pointer emulation
- Rewrite using btrfs_previous_extent_item()
- Convert ASSERT() to runtime check
- Exclude regular superblock positions
- Fix an error on writing to conventional zones
- Take the transaction lock in mark_block_group_to_copy()
- Rename 'hmzoned_devices' to 'zoned_devices' in btrfs_check_zoned_mode()
- Add do_discard_extent() helper
- Move zoned check into fetch_cluster_info()
- Drop setting bdev to bio in btrfs_bio_add_page() (will fix later once
we support multiple devices)
- Subtract bytes_zone_unusable properly when removing a block group
- Add "struct block_device *bdev" directly to btrfs_rmap_block()
- Rename btrfs_zone_align to btrfs_align_offset_to_zone
- Add comment to use pr_info in place of btrfs_info
- Add comment for superblock log zones
- Fix coding style
- Fix typos
btrfs-progs and xfstests series will follow.
This version of ZONED btrfs switched from normal write command to zone
append write command. You do not need to specify LBA (at the write pointer)
to write for zone append write command. Instead, you only select a zone to
write with its start LBA. Then the device (NVMe ZNS), or the emulation of
zone append command in the sd driver in the case of SAS or SATA HDDs,
automatically writes the data at the write pointer position and return the
written LBA as a command reply.
The benefit of using the zone append write command is that write command
issuing order does not matter. So, we can eliminate block group lock and
utilize asynchronous checksum, which can reorder the IOs.
Eliminating the lock improves performance. In particular, on a workload
with massive competing to the same zone [1], we observed 36% performance
improvement compared to normal write.
[1] Fio running 16 jobs with 4KB random writes for 5 minutes
However, there are some limitations. We cannot use the non-SINGLE profile.
Supporting non-SINGLE profile with zone append writing is not trivial. For
example, in the DUP profile, we send a zone append writing IO to two zones
on a device. The device reply with written LBAs for the IOs. If the offsets
of the returned addresses from the beginning of the zone are different,
then it results in different logical addresses.
For the same reason, we cannot issue multiple IOs for one ordered extent.
Thus, the size of an ordered extent is limited under max_zone_append_size.
This limitation will cause fragmentation and increased usage of metadata.
In the future, we can add optimization to merge ordered extents after
end_bio.
* Patch series description
A zoned block device consists of a number of zones. Zones are either
conventional and accepting random writes or sequential and requiring
that writes be issued in LBA order from each zone write pointer
position. This patch series ensures that the sequential write
constraint of sequential zones is respected while fundamentally not
changing BtrFS block and I/O management for block stored in
conventional zones.
To achieve this, the default chunk size of btrfs is changed on zoned
block devices so that chunks are always aligned to a zone. Allocation
of blocks within a chunk is changed so that the allocation is always
sequential from the beginning of the chunks. To do so, an allocation
pointer is added to block groups and used as the allocation hint. The
allocation changes also ensure that blocks freed below the allocation
pointer are ignored, resulting in sequential block allocation
regardless of the chunk usage.
The zone of a chunk is reset to allow reuse of the zone only when the
block group is being freed, that is, when all the chunks of the block
group are unused.
For btrfs volumes composed of multiple zoned disks, a restriction is
added to ensure that all disks have the same zone size. This
restriction matches the existing constraint that all chunks in a block
group must have the same size.
* Enabling tree-log
The tree-log feature does not work on ZONED mode as is. Blocks for a
tree-log tree are allocated mixed with other metadata blocks, and btrfs
writes and syncs the tree-log blocks to devices at the time of fsync(),
which is different timing than a global transaction commit. As a result,
both writing tree-log blocks and writing other metadata blocks become
non-sequential writes which ZONED mode must avoid.
This series introduces a dedicated block group for tree-log blocks to
create two metadata writing streams, one for tree-log blocks and the
other for metadata blocks. As a result, each write stream can now be
written to devices separately and sequentially.
* Log-structured superblock
Superblock (and its copies) is the only data structure in btrfs which
has a fixed location on a device. Since we cannot overwrite in a
sequential write required zone, we cannot place superblock in the
zone.
This series implements superblock log writing. It uses two zones as a
circular buffer to write updated superblocks. Once the first zone is filled
up, start writing into the second zone. The first zone will be reset once
both zones are filled. We can determine the postion of the latest
superblock by reading the write pointer information from a device.
* Patch series organization
Patches 1 and 2 are preparing patches for block and iomap layer.
Patch 3 introduces the ZONED incompatible feature flag to indicate that the
btrfs volume was formatted for use on zoned block devices.
Patches 4 to 6 implement functions to gather information on the zones of
the device (zones type, write pointer position, and max_zone_append_size).
Patches 7 to 10 disable features which are not compatible with the
sequential write constraints of zoned block devices. These includes
space_cache, NODATACOW, fallocate, and MIXED_BG.
Patch 11 implements the log-structured superblock writing.
Patches 12 and 13 tweak the device extent allocation for ZONED mode and add
verification to check if a device extent is properly aligned to zones.
Patches 14 to 17 implements sequential block allocator for ZONED mode.
Patch 18 implement a zone reset for unused block groups.
Patches 19 to 30 implement the writing path for several types of IO
(non-compressed data, direct IO, and metadata). These include re-dirtying
once-freed metadata blocks to prevent write holes.
Patches 31 to 40 tweak some btrfs features work with ZONED mode. These
include device-replace, relocation, repairing IO error, and tree-log.
Finally, patch 41 adds the ZONED feature to the list of supported features.
* Patch testing note
** Zone-aware util-linux
Since the log-structured superblock feature changed the location of
superblock magic, the current util-linux (libblkid) cannot detect ZONED
btrfs anymore. You need to apply a to-be posted patch to util-linux to make
it "zone aware".
** Testing device
You need devices with zone append writing command support to run ZONED
btrfs.
Other than real devices, null_blk supports zone append write command. You
can use memory backed null_blk to run the test on it. Following script
creates 12800 MB /dev/nullb0.
sysfs=/sys/kernel/config/nullb/nullb0
size=12800 # MB
# drop nullb0
if [[ -d $sysfs ]]; then
echo 0 > "${sysfs}"/power
rmdir $sysfs
fi
lsmod | grep -q null_blk && rmmod null_blk
modprobe null_blk nr_devices=0
mkdir "${sysfs}"
echo "${size}" > "${sysfs}"/size
echo 1 > "${sysfs}"/zoned
echo 0 > "${sysfs}"/zone_nr_conv
echo 1 > "${sysfs}"/memory_backed
echo 1 > "${sysfs}"/power
udevadm settle
Zoned SCSI devices such as SMR HDDs or scsi_debug also support the zone
append command as an emulated command within the SCSI sd driver. This
emulation is completely transparent to the user and provides the same
semantic as a NVMe ZNS native drive support.
Also, there is a qemu patch available to enable NVMe ZNS device.
** xfstests
We ran xfstests on ZONED btrfs, and, if we omit some cases that are known
to fail currently, all test cases pass.
Cases that can be ignored:
1) failing also with the regular btrfs on regular devices,
2) trying to test fallocate feature without testing with
"_require_xfs_io_command "falloc"",
3) trying to test incompatible features for ZONED btrfs (e.g. RAID5/6)
4) trying to use incompatible setup for ZONED btrfs (e.g. dm-linear not
aligned to zone boundary, swap)
5) trying to create a file system with too small size, (we require at least
9 zones to initiate a ZONED btrfs)
6) dropping original MKFS_OPTIONS ("-O zoned"), so it cannot create ZONED
btrfs (btrfs/003)
7) having ENOSPC which incurred by larger metadata block group size
I will send a patch series for xfstests to handle these cases (2-6)
properly.
Patched xfstests is available here:
https://github.com/naota/fstests/tree/btrfs-zoned
Also, you need to apply the following patch if you run xfstests with
tcmu devices. xfstests btrfs/003 failed to "_devmgt_add" after
"_devmgt_remove" without this patch.
https://marc.info/?l=linux-scsi&m=156498625421698&w=2
v9 https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/cover.1604065156.git.naohiro.aota@xxxxxxx/
v8 https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/cover.1601572459.git.naohiro.aota@xxxxxxx/
v7 https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/20200911123259.3782926-1-naohiro.aota@xxxxxxx/
v6 https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/20191213040915.3502922-1-naohiro.aota@xxxxxxx/
v5 https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/20191204082513.857320-1-naohiro.aota@xxxxxxx/
v4 https://lwn.net/Articles/797061/
v3 https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/20190808093038.4163421-1-naohiro.aota@xxxxxxx/
v2 https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/20190607131025.31996-1-naohiro.aota@xxxxxxx/
v1 https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/20180809180450.5091-1-naota@xxxxxxxxx/
Changelog
v9
- Direct-IO path now follow several hardware restrictions (other than
max_zone_append_size) by using ZONE_APPEND support of iomap
- introduces union of fs_info->zone_size and fs_info->zoned [Johannes]
- and use btrfs_is_zoned(fs_info) in place of btrfs_fs_incompat(fs_info, ZONED)
- print if zoned is enabled or not when printing module info [Johannes]
- drop patch of disabling inode_cache on ZONED
- moved for_teelog flag to a proper location [Johannes]
- Code style fixes [Johannes]
- Add comment about adding physical layer things to ordered extent
structure
- Pass file_offset explicitly to extract_ordered_extent() instead of
determining it from bio
- Bug fixes
- write out fsync region so that the logical address of ordered extents
and checksums are properly finalized
- free zone_info at umount time
- fix superblock log handling when entering zones[1] in the first time
- fixes double free of log-tree roots [Johannes]
- Drop erroneous ASSERT in do_allocation_zoned()
v8
- Use bio_add_hw_page() to build up bio to honor hardware restrictions
- add bio_add_zone_append_page() as a wrapper of the function
- Split file extent on submitting bio
- If bio_add_zone_append_page() fails, split the file extent and send
out bio
- so, we can ensure one bio == one file extent
- Fix build bot issues
- Rebased on misc-next
v7:
- Use zone append write command instead of normal write command
- Bio issuing order does not matter
- No need to use lock anymore
- Can use asynchronous checksum
- Removed RAID support for now
- Rename HMZONED to ZONED
- Split some patches
- Rebased on kdave/for-5.9-rc3 + iomap direct IO
v6:
- Use bitmap helpers (Johannes)
- Code cleanup (Johannes)
- Rebased on kdave/for-5.5
- Enable the tree-log feature.
- Treat conventional zones as sequential zones, so we can now allow
mixed allocation of conventional zone and sequential write required
zone to construct a block group.
- Implement log-structured superblock
- No need for one conventional zone at the beginning of a device.
- Fix deadlock of direct IO writing
- Fix building with !CONFIG_BLK_DEV_ZONED (Johannes)
- Fix leak of zone_info (Johannes)
v5:
- Rebased on kdave/for-5.5
- Enable the tree-log feature.
- Treat conventional zones as sequential zones, so we can now allow
mixed allocation of conventional zone and sequential write required
zone to construct a block group.
- Implement log-structured superblock
- No need for one conventional zone at the beginning of a device.
- Fix deadlock of direct IO writing
- Fix building with !CONFIG_BLK_DEV_ZONED (Johannes)
- Fix leak of zone_info (Johannes)
v4:
- Move memory allcation of zone informattion out of
btrfs_get_dev_zones() (Anand)
- Add disabled features table in commit log (Anand)
- Ensure "max_chunk_size >= devs_min * data_stripes * zone_size"
v3:
- Serialize allocation and submit_bio instead of bio buffering in
btrfs_map_bio().
-- Disable async checksum/submit in HMZONED mode
- Introduce helper functions and hmzoned.c/h (Josef, David)
- Add support for repairing IO failure
- Add support for NOCOW direct IO write (Josef)
- Disable preallocation entirely
-- Disable INODE_MAP_CACHE
-- relocation is reworked not to rely on preallocation in HMZONED mode
- Disable NODATACOW
-Disable MIXED_BG
- Device extent that cover super block position is banned (David)
v2:
- Add support for dev-replace
-- To support dev-replace, moved submit_buffer one layer up. It now
handles bio instead of btrfs_bio.
-- Mark unmirrored Block Group readonly only when there are writable
mirrored BGs. Necessary to handle degraded RAID.
- Expire worker use vanilla delayed_work instead of btrfs's async-thread
- Device extent allocator now ensure that region is on the same zone type.
- Add delayed allocation shrinking.
- Rename btrfs_drop_dev_zonetypes() to btrfs_destroy_dev_zonetypes
- Fix
-- Use SECTOR_SHIFT (Nikolay)
-- Use btrfs_err (Nikolay)
Johannes Thumshirn (1):
block: add bio_add_zone_append_page
Naohiro Aota (40):
iomap: support REQ_OP_ZONE_APPEND
btrfs: introduce ZONED feature flag
btrfs: get zone information of zoned block devices
btrfs: check and enable ZONED mode
btrfs: introduce max_zone_append_size
btrfs: disallow space_cache in ZONED mode
btrfs: disallow NODATACOW in ZONED mode
btrfs: disable fallocate in ZONED mode
btrfs: disallow mixed-bg in ZONED mode
btrfs: implement log-structured superblock for ZONED mode
btrfs: implement zoned chunk allocator
btrfs: verify device extent is aligned to zone
btrfs: load zone's alloction offset
btrfs: emulate write pointer for conventional zones
btrfs: track unusable bytes for zones
btrfs: do sequential extent allocation in ZONED mode
btrfs: reset zones of unused block groups
btrfs: redirty released extent buffers in ZONED mode
btrfs: extract page adding function
btrfs: use bio_add_zone_append_page for zoned btrfs
btrfs: handle REQ_OP_ZONE_APPEND as writing
btrfs: split ordered extent when bio is sent
btrfs: extend btrfs_rmap_block for specifying a device
btrfs: use ZONE_APPEND write for ZONED btrfs
btrfs: enable zone append writing for direct IO
btrfs: introduce dedicated data write path for ZONED mode
btrfs: serialize meta IOs on ZONED mode
btrfs: wait existing extents before truncating
btrfs: avoid async metadata checksum on ZONED mode
btrfs: mark block groups to copy for device-replace
btrfs: implement cloning for ZONED device-replace
btrfs: implement copying for ZONED device-replace
btrfs: support dev-replace in ZONED mode
btrfs: enable relocation in ZONED mode
btrfs: relocate block group to repair IO failure in ZONED
btrfs: split alloc_log_tree()
btrfs: extend zoned allocator to use dedicated tree-log block group
btrfs: serialize log transaction on ZONED mode
btrfs: reorder log node allocation
btrfs: enable to mount ZONED incompat flag
block/bio.c | 38 +
fs/btrfs/Makefile | 1 +
fs/btrfs/block-group.c | 84 +-
fs/btrfs/block-group.h | 18 +-
fs/btrfs/ctree.h | 20 +-
fs/btrfs/dev-replace.c | 195 +++++
fs/btrfs/dev-replace.h | 3 +
fs/btrfs/disk-io.c | 93 ++-
fs/btrfs/disk-io.h | 2 +
fs/btrfs/extent-tree.c | 218 ++++-
fs/btrfs/extent_io.c | 130 ++-
fs/btrfs/extent_io.h | 2 +
fs/btrfs/file.c | 6 +-
fs/btrfs/free-space-cache.c | 58 ++
fs/btrfs/free-space-cache.h | 2 +
fs/btrfs/inode.c | 164 +++-
fs/btrfs/ioctl.c | 13 +
fs/btrfs/ordered-data.c | 79 ++
fs/btrfs/ordered-data.h | 10 +
fs/btrfs/relocation.c | 35 +-
fs/btrfs/scrub.c | 145 ++++
fs/btrfs/space-info.c | 13 +-
fs/btrfs/space-info.h | 4 +-
fs/btrfs/super.c | 19 +-
fs/btrfs/sysfs.c | 4 +
fs/btrfs/tests/extent-map-tests.c | 2 +-
fs/btrfs/transaction.c | 10 +
fs/btrfs/transaction.h | 3 +
fs/btrfs/tree-log.c | 52 +-
fs/btrfs/volumes.c | 322 +++++++-
fs/btrfs/volumes.h | 7 +
fs/btrfs/zoned.c | 1272 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
fs/btrfs/zoned.h | 295 +++++++
fs/iomap/direct-io.c | 41 +-
include/linux/bio.h | 2 +
include/linux/iomap.h | 1 +
include/uapi/linux/btrfs.h | 1 +
37 files changed, 3246 insertions(+), 118 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 fs/btrfs/zoned.c
create mode 100644 fs/btrfs/zoned.h
