From: madvenka@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx > Sent: 28 July 2020 14:11 ... > The kernel creates the trampoline mapping without any permissions. When > the trampoline is executed by user code, a page fault happens and the > kernel gets control. The kernel recognizes that this is a trampoline > invocation. It sets up the user registers based on the specified > register context, and/or pushes values on the user stack based on the > specified stack context, and sets the user PC to the requested target > PC. When the kernel returns, execution continues at the target PC. > So, the kernel does the work of the trampoline on behalf of the > application. Isn't the performance of this going to be horrid? If you don't care that much about performance the fixup can all be done in userspace within the fault signal handler. Since whatever you do needs the application changed why not change the implementation of nested functions to not need on-stack executable trampolines. I can think of other alternatives that don't need much more than an array of 'push constant; jump trampoline' instructions be created (all jump to the same place). You might want something to create an executable page of such instructions. David - Registered Address Lakeside, Bramley Road, Mount Farm, Milton Keynes, MK1 1PT, UK Registration No: 1397386 (Wales)