I've been looking at the context-mount API visible to userspace as I need to adjust the security ops to handle it. I'm thinking I probably need something like the following system calls. Note that: topology_flags are MS_PRIVATE, MS_SLAVE, MS_SHARED, MS_UNBINDABLE. mount_flags are things like MS_NOSUID, MS_NODEV, MS_NOEXEC that get translated to MNT_* flags in the kernel. (1) Open a filesystem and create a blank context from it: fd = fsopen(const char *fs_name, unsigned int flags, ...); where flags includes FSOPEN_CLOEXEC, FSOPEN_CREATE_ONLY (don't reuse superblock). (2) Access and change the context: write(fd, "<command>", ...); read(fd, ...); ioctl(fd, ...); (3) Create and set up a context for an existing mountpoint: fd = fspick(int dfd, const char *path, unsigned int flags); where flags includes FSPICK_CLOEXEC. (4) Create a mountpoint on a path, using a context to supply the superblock details: mount_create(int fd, int dfd, const char *path, unsigned int topology_flags, unsigned int mount_flags); (5) Move a mount: mount_move(int from_dfd, const char *frompath, int to_dfd, const char *topath); This might want to take new topology flags algo. (6) Adjust a mountpoint's topology flags: mount_set_topology(int dfd, const char *path, unsigned int topology_flags); (7) Reconfigure a mountpoint: mount_reconfigure(int dfd, const char *path, unsigned int mount_flags); (8) Change R/O protection on a mountpoint: mount_protect(int dfd, const char *path, bool read_only); This involves changing the R/O protection on the superblock also, but might be mergeable with mount_reconfigure(). Note that two things are missing from the list: (1) Bind mount. This is done by: fd = fspick("/mnt/a"); mount_create(fd, ..., "/mnt/b", ...); mount_create(fd, ..., "/mnt/c", ...); mount_create(fd, ..., "/mnt/d", ...); (2) Remount. Superblock reconfiguration is done by something like: fd = fspick("/mnt/a"); write(fd, "? fs"); read(fd, filesystem_type); write(fd, "o user_xattr"); // Indicate changes to be made write(fd, "x reconfigure"); // Perform the reconfiguration Thinking further on this, maybe I should make a mountpoint-context also, so that it can be loaded up with target namespace information and other goodies. This would vastly expand the parameter space for a mountpoint beyond the few syscall args available. Creating a new mount might then look like: sbfd = fsopen("ext4"); write(sbfd, "d /dev/sda1"); write(sbfd, "o user_xattr"); write(sbfd, "x commit"); mfd = mount_new(); write(mfd, "ns mnt 123"); // where fd 123 refers to a mount namesapce write(mfd, "o bind=1"); // Set MS_BIND write(mfd, "o nosuid=1"); // Set MS_NOSUID mount_create(mfd, AT_FDCWD, "/mnt/a", sbfd); David