Re: [PATCH v4] fscrypt: Add support for AES-128-CBC

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On Tue, May 23, 2017 at 07:11:20AM +0200, David Gstir wrote:
> From: Daniel Walter <dwalter@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
> 
> fscrypt provides facilities to use different encryption algorithms which
> are selectable by userspace when setting the encryption policy. Currently,
> only AES-256-XTS for file contents and AES-256-CBC-CTS for file names are
> implemented. This is a clear case of kernel offers the mechanism and
> userspace selects a policy. Similar to what dm-crypt and ecryptfs have.
> 
> This patch adds support for using AES-128-CBC for file contents and
> AES-128-CBC-CTS for file name encryption. To mitigate watermarking
> attacks, IVs are generated using the ESSIV algorithm. While AES-CBC is
> actually slightly less secure than AES-XTS from a security point of view,
> there is more widespread hardware support. Using AES-CBC gives us the
> acceptable performance while still providing a moderate level of security
> for persistent storage.
> 
> Especially low-powered embedded devices with crypto accelerators such as
> CAAM or CESA often only support AES-CBC. Since using AES-CBC over AES-XTS
> is basically thought of a last resort, we use AES-128-CBC over AES-256-CBC
> since it has less encryption rounds and yields noticeable better
> performance starting from a file size of just a few kB.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Daniel Walter <dwalter@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
> [david@xxxxxxxxxxxxx: addressed review comments]
> Signed-off-by: David Gstir <david@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
> ---
>  fs/crypto/Kconfig              |   1 +
>  fs/crypto/crypto.c             |  23 ++++--
>  fs/crypto/fscrypt_private.h    |   9 ++-
>  fs/crypto/keyinfo.c            | 171 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------
>  fs/crypto/policy.c             |   8 +-
>  include/linux/fscrypt_common.h |  16 ++--
>  include/uapi/linux/fs.h        |   2 +
>  7 files changed, 172 insertions(+), 58 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/fs/crypto/Kconfig b/fs/crypto/Kconfig
> index 08b46e6e3995..02b7d91c9231 100644
> --- a/fs/crypto/Kconfig
> +++ b/fs/crypto/Kconfig
> @@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ config FS_ENCRYPTION
>  	select CRYPTO_XTS
>  	select CRYPTO_CTS
>  	select CRYPTO_CTR
> +	select CRYPTO_SHA256
>  	select KEYS
>  	help
>  	  Enable encryption of files and directories.  This
> diff --git a/fs/crypto/crypto.c b/fs/crypto/crypto.c
> index 6d6eca394d4d..c7835df7e7b8 100644
> --- a/fs/crypto/crypto.c
> +++ b/fs/crypto/crypto.c
> @@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
>  #include <linux/ratelimit.h>
>  #include <linux/dcache.h>
>  #include <linux/namei.h>
> +#include <crypto/aes.h>
>  #include "fscrypt_private.h"
>  
>  static unsigned int num_prealloc_crypto_pages = 32;
> @@ -147,8 +148,8 @@ int fscrypt_do_page_crypto(const struct inode *inode, fscrypt_direction_t rw,
>  {
>  	struct {
>  		__le64 index;
> -		u8 padding[FS_XTS_TWEAK_SIZE - sizeof(__le64)];
> -	} xts_tweak;
> +		u8 padding[FS_IV_SIZE - sizeof(__le64)];
> +	} iv;
>  	struct skcipher_request *req = NULL;
>  	DECLARE_FS_COMPLETION_RESULT(ecr);
>  	struct scatterlist dst, src;
> @@ -158,6 +159,16 @@ int fscrypt_do_page_crypto(const struct inode *inode, fscrypt_direction_t rw,
>  
>  	BUG_ON(len == 0);
>  
> +	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(iv) != FS_IV_SIZE);
> +	BUILD_BUG_ON(AES_BLOCK_SIZE != FS_IV_SIZE);
> +	iv.index = cpu_to_le64(lblk_num);
> +	memset(iv.padding, 0, sizeof(iv.padding));
> +
> +	if (ci->ci_essiv_tfm != NULL) {
> +		crypto_cipher_encrypt_one(ci->ci_essiv_tfm, (u8 *)&iv,
> +					  (u8 *)&iv);
> +	}
> +
>  	req = skcipher_request_alloc(tfm, gfp_flags);
>  	if (!req) {
>  		printk_ratelimited(KERN_ERR
> @@ -170,15 +181,11 @@ int fscrypt_do_page_crypto(const struct inode *inode, fscrypt_direction_t rw,
>  		req, CRYPTO_TFM_REQ_MAY_BACKLOG | CRYPTO_TFM_REQ_MAY_SLEEP,
>  		page_crypt_complete, &ecr);
>  
> -	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(xts_tweak) != FS_XTS_TWEAK_SIZE);
> -	xts_tweak.index = cpu_to_le64(lblk_num);
> -	memset(xts_tweak.padding, 0, sizeof(xts_tweak.padding));
> -
>  	sg_init_table(&dst, 1);
>  	sg_set_page(&dst, dest_page, len, offs);
>  	sg_init_table(&src, 1);
>  	sg_set_page(&src, src_page, len, offs);
> -	skcipher_request_set_crypt(req, &src, &dst, len, &xts_tweak);
> +	skcipher_request_set_crypt(req, &src, &dst, len, &iv);
>  	if (rw == FS_DECRYPT)
>  		res = crypto_skcipher_decrypt(req);
>  	else
> @@ -477,6 +484,8 @@ static void __exit fscrypt_exit(void)
>  		destroy_workqueue(fscrypt_read_workqueue);
>  	kmem_cache_destroy(fscrypt_ctx_cachep);
>  	kmem_cache_destroy(fscrypt_info_cachep);
> +
> +	fscrypt_essiv_cleanup();
>  }
>  module_exit(fscrypt_exit);
>  
> diff --git a/fs/crypto/fscrypt_private.h b/fs/crypto/fscrypt_private.h
> index 1e1f8a361b75..a1d5021c31ef 100644
> --- a/fs/crypto/fscrypt_private.h
> +++ b/fs/crypto/fscrypt_private.h
> @@ -12,10 +12,13 @@
>  #define _FSCRYPT_PRIVATE_H
>  
>  #include <linux/fscrypt_supp.h>
> +#include <crypto/hash.h>
>  
>  /* Encryption parameters */
> -#define FS_XTS_TWEAK_SIZE		16
> +#define FS_IV_SIZE			16
>  #define FS_AES_128_ECB_KEY_SIZE		16
> +#define FS_AES_128_CBC_KEY_SIZE		16
> +#define FS_AES_128_CTS_KEY_SIZE		16
>  #define FS_AES_256_GCM_KEY_SIZE		32
>  #define FS_AES_256_CBC_KEY_SIZE		32
>  #define FS_AES_256_CTS_KEY_SIZE		32
> @@ -54,6 +57,7 @@ struct fscrypt_info {
>  	u8 ci_filename_mode;
>  	u8 ci_flags;
>  	struct crypto_skcipher *ci_ctfm;
> +	struct crypto_cipher *ci_essiv_tfm;
>  	u8 ci_master_key[FS_KEY_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE];
>  };
>  
> @@ -87,4 +91,7 @@ extern int fscrypt_do_page_crypto(const struct inode *inode,
>  extern struct page *fscrypt_alloc_bounce_page(struct fscrypt_ctx *ctx,
>  					      gfp_t gfp_flags);
>  
> +/* keyinfo.c */
> +extern void __exit fscrypt_essiv_cleanup(void);
> +
>  #endif /* _FSCRYPT_PRIVATE_H */
> diff --git a/fs/crypto/keyinfo.c b/fs/crypto/keyinfo.c
> index 179e578b875b..b8f5e1d5a3cc 100644
> --- a/fs/crypto/keyinfo.c
> +++ b/fs/crypto/keyinfo.c
> @@ -10,8 +10,13 @@
>  
>  #include <keys/user-type.h>
>  #include <linux/scatterlist.h>
> +#include <linux/ratelimit.h>
> +#include <crypto/aes.h>
> +#include <crypto/sha.h>
>  #include "fscrypt_private.h"
>  
> +static struct crypto_shash *essiv_hash_tfm;
> +
>  static void derive_crypt_complete(struct crypto_async_request *req, int rc)
>  {
>  	struct fscrypt_completion_result *ecr = req->data;
> @@ -27,13 +32,13 @@ static void derive_crypt_complete(struct crypto_async_request *req, int rc)
>   * derive_key_aes() - Derive a key using AES-128-ECB
>   * @deriving_key: Encryption key used for derivation.
>   * @source_key:   Source key to which to apply derivation.
> - * @derived_key:  Derived key.
> + * @derived_raw_key:  Derived raw key.
>   *
>   * Return: Zero on success; non-zero otherwise.
>   */
>  static int derive_key_aes(u8 deriving_key[FS_AES_128_ECB_KEY_SIZE],
> -				u8 source_key[FS_AES_256_XTS_KEY_SIZE],
> -				u8 derived_key[FS_AES_256_XTS_KEY_SIZE])
> +				const struct fscrypt_key *source_key,
> +				u8 derived_raw_key[FS_MAX_KEY_SIZE])
>  {
>  	int res = 0;
>  	struct skcipher_request *req = NULL;
> @@ -60,10 +65,10 @@ static int derive_key_aes(u8 deriving_key[FS_AES_128_ECB_KEY_SIZE],
>  	if (res < 0)
>  		goto out;
>  
> -	sg_init_one(&src_sg, source_key, FS_AES_256_XTS_KEY_SIZE);
> -	sg_init_one(&dst_sg, derived_key, FS_AES_256_XTS_KEY_SIZE);
> -	skcipher_request_set_crypt(req, &src_sg, &dst_sg,
> -					FS_AES_256_XTS_KEY_SIZE, NULL);
> +	sg_init_one(&src_sg, source_key->raw, source_key->size);
> +	sg_init_one(&dst_sg, derived_raw_key, source_key->size);
> +	skcipher_request_set_crypt(req, &src_sg, &dst_sg, source_key->size,
> +				   NULL);
>  	res = crypto_skcipher_encrypt(req);
>  	if (res == -EINPROGRESS || res == -EBUSY) {
>  		wait_for_completion(&ecr.completion);
> @@ -77,7 +82,7 @@ static int derive_key_aes(u8 deriving_key[FS_AES_128_ECB_KEY_SIZE],
>  
>  static int validate_user_key(struct fscrypt_info *crypt_info,
>  			struct fscrypt_context *ctx, u8 *raw_key,
> -			const char *prefix)
> +			const char *prefix, int min_keysize)
>  {
>  	char *description;
>  	struct key *keyring_key;
> @@ -111,50 +116,60 @@ static int validate_user_key(struct fscrypt_info *crypt_info,
>  	master_key = (struct fscrypt_key *)ukp->data;
>  	BUILD_BUG_ON(FS_AES_128_ECB_KEY_SIZE != FS_KEY_DERIVATION_NONCE_SIZE);
>  
> -	if (master_key->size != FS_AES_256_XTS_KEY_SIZE) {
> +	if (master_key->size < min_keysize || master_key->size > FS_MAX_KEY_SIZE
> +	    || master_key->size % AES_BLOCK_SIZE != 0) {

I suggest validating the provided key size directly against the mode.
Else, it looks to me that this code will accept a 128-bit key for
AES-256.

>  		printk_once(KERN_WARNING
>  				"%s: key size incorrect: %d\n",
>  				__func__, master_key->size);
>  		res = -ENOKEY;
>  		goto out;
>  	}
> -	res = derive_key_aes(ctx->nonce, master_key->raw, raw_key);
> +	res = derive_key_aes(ctx->nonce, master_key, raw_key);
>  out:
>  	up_read(&keyring_key->sem);
>  	key_put(keyring_key);
>  	return res;
>  }
>  
> +static const struct {
> +	const char *cipher_str;
> +	int keysize;
> +} available_modes[] = {
> +	[FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_256_XTS] = { "xts(aes)",
> +					     FS_AES_256_XTS_KEY_SIZE },
> +	[FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_256_CTS] = { "cts(cbc(aes))",
> +					     FS_AES_256_CTS_KEY_SIZE },
> +	[FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_128_CBC] = { "cbc(aes)",
> +					     FS_AES_128_CBC_KEY_SIZE },
> +	[FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_128_CTS] = { "cts(cbc(aes))",
> +					     FS_AES_128_CTS_KEY_SIZE },
> +};
> +
>  static int determine_cipher_type(struct fscrypt_info *ci, struct inode *inode,
>  				 const char **cipher_str_ret, int *keysize_ret)
>  {
> -	if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode)) {
> -		if (ci->ci_data_mode == FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_256_XTS) {
> -			*cipher_str_ret = "xts(aes)";
> -			*keysize_ret = FS_AES_256_XTS_KEY_SIZE;
> -			return 0;
> -		}
> -		pr_warn_once("fscrypto: unsupported contents encryption mode "
> -			     "%d for inode %lu\n",
> -			     ci->ci_data_mode, inode->i_ino);
> -		return -ENOKEY;
> +	u32 mode;
> +
> +	if (!fscrypt_valid_enc_modes(ci->ci_data_mode, ci->ci_filename_mode)) {
> +		pr_warn_ratelimited("fscrypt: inode %lu uses unsupported encryption modes (contents mode %d, filenames mode %d)\n",
> +				    inode->i_ino,
> +				    ci->ci_data_mode, ci->ci_filename_mode);
> +		return -EINVAL;
>  	}
>  
> -	if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode) || S_ISLNK(inode->i_mode)) {
> -		if (ci->ci_filename_mode == FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_256_CTS) {
> -			*cipher_str_ret = "cts(cbc(aes))";
> -			*keysize_ret = FS_AES_256_CTS_KEY_SIZE;
> -			return 0;
> -		}
> -		pr_warn_once("fscrypto: unsupported filenames encryption mode "
> -			     "%d for inode %lu\n",
> -			     ci->ci_filename_mode, inode->i_ino);
> -		return -ENOKEY;
> +	if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode)) {
> +		mode = ci->ci_data_mode;
> +	} else if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode) || S_ISLNK(inode->i_mode)) {
> +		mode = ci->ci_filename_mode;
> +	} else {
> +		WARN_ONCE(1, "fscrypt: filesystem tried to load encryption info for inode %lu, which is not encryptable (file type %d)\n",
> +			  inode->i_ino, (inode->i_mode & S_IFMT));
> +		return -EINVAL;
>  	}
>  
> -	pr_warn_once("fscrypto: unsupported file type %d for inode %lu\n",
> -		     (inode->i_mode & S_IFMT), inode->i_ino);
> -	return -ENOKEY;
> +	*cipher_str_ret = available_modes[mode].cipher_str;
> +	*keysize_ret = available_modes[mode].keysize;
> +	return 0;
>  }
>  
>  static void put_crypt_info(struct fscrypt_info *ci)
> @@ -163,9 +178,79 @@ static void put_crypt_info(struct fscrypt_info *ci)
>  		return;
>  
>  	crypto_free_skcipher(ci->ci_ctfm);
> +	crypto_free_cipher(ci->ci_essiv_tfm);
>  	kmem_cache_free(fscrypt_info_cachep, ci);
>  }
>  
> +static int derive_essiv_salt(const u8 *key, int keysize, u8 *salt)
> +{
> +	struct crypto_shash *tfm = READ_ONCE(essiv_hash_tfm);
> +
> +	/* init hash transform on demand */
> +	if (unlikely(!tfm)) {
> +		struct crypto_shash *prev_tfm;
> +
> +		tfm = crypto_alloc_shash("sha256", 0, 0);
> +		if (IS_ERR(tfm)) {
> +			pr_warn_ratelimited("fscrypt: error allocating SHA-256 transform: %ld\n",
> +					    PTR_ERR(tfm));
> +			return PTR_ERR(tfm);
> +		}
> +		prev_tfm = cmpxchg(&essiv_hash_tfm, NULL, tfm);
> +		if (prev_tfm) {
> +			crypto_free_shash(tfm);
> +			tfm = prev_tfm;
> +		}
> +	}
> +
> +	{
> +		SHASH_DESC_ON_STACK(desc, tfm);
> +		desc->tfm = tfm;
> +		desc->flags = 0;
> +
> +		return crypto_shash_digest(desc, key, keysize, salt);
> +	}
> +}
> +
> +static int init_essiv_generator(struct fscrypt_info *ci, const u8 *raw_key,
> +				int keysize)
> +{
> +	int err;
> +	struct crypto_cipher *essiv_tfm;
> +	u8 salt[SHA256_DIGEST_SIZE];
> +
> +	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(keysize > sizeof(salt)))
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +
> +	essiv_tfm = crypto_alloc_cipher("aes", 0, 0);
> +	if (IS_ERR(essiv_tfm))
> +		return PTR_ERR(essiv_tfm);
> +
> +	ci->ci_essiv_tfm = essiv_tfm;
> +
> +	err = derive_essiv_salt(raw_key, keysize, salt);
> +	if (err)
> +		goto out;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * Using SHA256 to derive the salt/key will result in AES-256 being
> +	 * used for IV generation. File contents encryption will still use the

It would probably be fine to just truncate the generated salt and
stick with AES-128 throughout.  However that's just a footnote, and
I think you're fine to keep it the way it is now.

> +	 * configured keysize (AES-128) nevertheless.
> +	 */
> +	err = crypto_cipher_setkey(essiv_tfm, salt, sizeof(salt));
> +	if (err)
> +		goto out;
> +
> +out:
> +	memzero_explicit(salt, sizeof(salt));
> +	return err;
> +}
> +
> +void __exit fscrypt_essiv_cleanup(void)
> +{
> +	crypto_free_shash(essiv_hash_tfm);
> +}
> +
>  int fscrypt_get_encryption_info(struct inode *inode)
>  {
>  	struct fscrypt_info *crypt_info;
> @@ -212,6 +297,7 @@ int fscrypt_get_encryption_info(struct inode *inode)
>  	crypt_info->ci_data_mode = ctx.contents_encryption_mode;
>  	crypt_info->ci_filename_mode = ctx.filenames_encryption_mode;
>  	crypt_info->ci_ctfm = NULL;
> +	crypt_info->ci_essiv_tfm = NULL;
>  	memcpy(crypt_info->ci_master_key, ctx.master_key_descriptor,
>  				sizeof(crypt_info->ci_master_key));
>  
> @@ -228,10 +314,12 @@ int fscrypt_get_encryption_info(struct inode *inode)
>  	if (!raw_key)
>  		goto out;
>  
> -	res = validate_user_key(crypt_info, &ctx, raw_key, FS_KEY_DESC_PREFIX);
> +	res = validate_user_key(crypt_info, &ctx, raw_key, FS_KEY_DESC_PREFIX,
> +				keysize);
>  	if (res && inode->i_sb->s_cop->key_prefix) {
>  		int res2 = validate_user_key(crypt_info, &ctx, raw_key,
> -					     inode->i_sb->s_cop->key_prefix);
> +					     inode->i_sb->s_cop->key_prefix,
> +					     keysize);
>  		if (res2) {
>  			if (res2 == -ENOKEY)
>  				res = -ENOKEY;
> @@ -243,9 +331,8 @@ int fscrypt_get_encryption_info(struct inode *inode)
>  	ctfm = crypto_alloc_skcipher(cipher_str, 0, 0);
>  	if (!ctfm || IS_ERR(ctfm)) {
>  		res = ctfm ? PTR_ERR(ctfm) : -ENOMEM;
> -		printk(KERN_DEBUG
> -		       "%s: error %d (inode %u) allocating crypto tfm\n",
> -		       __func__, res, (unsigned) inode->i_ino);
> +		pr_debug("%s: error %d (inode %lu) allocating crypto tfm\n",
> +			 __func__, res, inode->i_ino);
>  		goto out;
>  	}
>  	crypt_info->ci_ctfm = ctfm;
> @@ -255,6 +342,14 @@ int fscrypt_get_encryption_info(struct inode *inode)
>  	if (res)
>  		goto out;
>  
> +	if (crypt_info->ci_data_mode == FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_128_CBC) {
> +		res = init_essiv_generator(crypt_info, raw_key, keysize);
> +		if (res) {
> +			pr_debug("%s: error %d (inode %lu) allocating essiv tfm\n",
> +				 __func__, res, inode->i_ino);
> +			goto out;
> +		}
> +	}
>  	if (cmpxchg(&inode->i_crypt_info, NULL, crypt_info) == NULL)
>  		crypt_info = NULL;
>  out:
> diff --git a/fs/crypto/policy.c b/fs/crypto/policy.c
> index 210976e7a269..9914d51dff86 100644
> --- a/fs/crypto/policy.c
> +++ b/fs/crypto/policy.c
> @@ -38,12 +38,8 @@ static int create_encryption_context_from_policy(struct inode *inode,
>  	memcpy(ctx.master_key_descriptor, policy->master_key_descriptor,
>  					FS_KEY_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE);
>  
> -	if (!fscrypt_valid_contents_enc_mode(
> -				policy->contents_encryption_mode))
> -		return -EINVAL;
> -
> -	if (!fscrypt_valid_filenames_enc_mode(
> -				policy->filenames_encryption_mode))
> +	if (!fscrypt_valid_enc_modes(policy->contents_encryption_mode,
> +				     policy->filenames_encryption_mode))
>  		return -EINVAL;
>  
>  	if (policy->flags & ~FS_POLICY_FLAGS_VALID)
> diff --git a/include/linux/fscrypt_common.h b/include/linux/fscrypt_common.h
> index 0a30c106c1e5..4022c61f7e9b 100644
> --- a/include/linux/fscrypt_common.h
> +++ b/include/linux/fscrypt_common.h
> @@ -91,14 +91,18 @@ static inline bool fscrypt_dummy_context_enabled(struct inode *inode)
>  	return false;
>  }
>  
> -static inline bool fscrypt_valid_contents_enc_mode(u32 mode)
> +static inline bool fscrypt_valid_enc_modes(u32 contents_mode,
> +					u32 filenames_mode)
>  {
> -	return (mode == FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_256_XTS);
> -}
> +	if (contents_mode == FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_128_CBC &&
> +	    filenames_mode == FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_128_CTS)
> +		return true;
>  
> -static inline bool fscrypt_valid_filenames_enc_mode(u32 mode)
> -{
> -	return (mode == FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_256_CTS);
> +	if (contents_mode == FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_256_XTS &&
> +	    filenames_mode == FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_256_CTS)
> +		return true;
> +
> +	return false;
>  }
>  
>  static inline bool fscrypt_is_dot_dotdot(const struct qstr *str)
> diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/fs.h b/include/uapi/linux/fs.h
> index 24e61a54feaa..a2a3ffb06038 100644
> --- a/include/uapi/linux/fs.h
> +++ b/include/uapi/linux/fs.h
> @@ -272,6 +272,8 @@ struct fsxattr {
>  #define FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_256_GCM		2
>  #define FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_256_CBC		3
>  #define FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_256_CTS		4
> +#define FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_128_CBC		5
> +#define FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_128_CTS		6
>  
>  struct fscrypt_policy {
>  	__u8 version;
> -- 
> 2.12.0
> 



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