Hi Michal,
I do not really want to impose any hard limit, because I do not know
what it should be.
The owners of the subsystems that use these large hash table should make
a call, and perhaps pass high_limit, if needed into
alloc_large_system_hash().
Previous growth rate was unacceptable, because in addition to allocating
large tables (which is acceptable if we take a total system memory
size), we also needed to zero that, and zeroing while we have only one
CPU available was significantly reducing the boot time.
Now, on 32T the hash table is 1G instead of 32G, so the call is 32 times
faster to finish. While it is not a good idea to waste memory, both 1G
and 32G is insignificant amount of memory compared to the total amount
of such 32T systems (0.09% and 0.003% accordingly).
Here is boot log on 32T system without this fix:
https://hastebin.com/muruzoveno.go
[ 769.622359] Dentry cache hash table entries: 2147483648 (order: 21,
17179869184 bytes)
[ 791.942136] Inode-cache hash table entries: 2147483648 (order: 21,
17179869184 bytes)
[ 810.810745] Mount-cache hash table entries: 67108864 (order: 16,
536870912 bytes)
[ 810.922322] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 67108864 (order: 16,
536870912 bytes)
[ 812.125398] ftrace: allocating 20650 entries in 41 pages
Total time 42.5s
With this fix (and some other unrelated for this interval fixes):
https://hastebin.com/buxucurawa.go
[ 12.621164] Dentry cache hash table entries: 134217728 (order: 17,
1073741824 bytes)
[ 12.869462] Inode-cache hash table entries: 67108864 (order: 16,
536870912 bytes)
[ 13.101963] Mount-cache hash table entries: 67108864 (order: 16,
536870912 bytes)
[ 13.331988] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 67108864 (order: 16,
536870912 bytes)
[ 13.364661] ftrace: allocating 20650 entries in 41 pages
Total time 0.76s.
So, it scales well for 32T systems, and will scale well for perceivable
future without adding a hard ceiling limit.
Pasha
On 04/26/2017 04:11 PM, Michal Hocko wrote:
On Fri 03-03-17 15:32:47, Andrew Morton wrote:
On Thu, 2 Mar 2017 00:33:45 -0500 Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@xxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
Allow hash tables to scale with memory but at slower pace, when HASH_ADAPT
is provided every time memory quadruples the sizes of hash tables will only
double instead of quadrupling as well. This algorithm starts working only
when memory size reaches a certain point, currently set to 64G.
This is example of dentry hash table size, before and after four various
memory configurations:
MEMORY SCALE HASH_SIZE
old new old new
8G 13 13 8M 8M
16G 13 13 16M 16M
32G 13 13 32M 32M
64G 13 13 64M 64M
128G 13 14 128M 64M
256G 13 14 256M 128M
512G 13 15 512M 128M
1024G 13 15 1024M 256M
2048G 13 16 2048M 256M
4096G 13 16 4096M 512M
8192G 13 17 8192M 512M
16384G 13 17 16384M 1024M
32768G 13 18 32768M 1024M
65536G 13 18 65536M 2048M
OK, but what are the runtime effects? Presumably some workloads will
slow down a bit. How much? How do we know that this is a worthwhile
tradeoff?
If the effect of this change is "undetectable" then those hash tables
are simply too large, and additional tuning is needed, yes?
I am playing with a 3TB and have hit the following
[ 0.961309] Dentry cache hash table entries: 536870912 (order: 20, 4294967296 bytes)
[ 2.300012] vmalloc: allocation failure, allocated 1383612416 of 2147487744 bytes
[ 2.307473] swapper/0: page allocation failure: order:0, mode:0x2080020(GFP_ATOMIC)
[ 2.315101] CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/0 Tainted: G W 4.4.49-hotplug19-default #1
[ 2.324017] Hardware name: Huawei 9008/IT91SMUB, BIOS BLXSV607 04/17/2017
[ 2.330775] ffffffff8101aba5 ffffffff8130efa0 ffffffff81863f48 ffffffff81c03e40
[ 2.338201] ffffffff8118c9a2 02080020fff00300 ffffffff81863f48 ffffffff81c03de0
[ 2.345628] 0000000000000018 ffffffff81c03e50 ffffffff81c03df8 ffffffff811d28e6
[ 2.353056] Call Trace:
[ 2.355507] [<ffffffff81019a99>] dump_trace+0x59/0x310
[ 2.360710] [<ffffffff81019e3a>] show_stack_log_lvl+0xea/0x170
[ 2.366605] [<ffffffff8101abc1>] show_stack+0x21/0x40
[ 2.371723] [<ffffffff8130efa0>] dump_stack+0x5c/0x7c
[ 2.376842] [<ffffffff8118c9a2>] warn_alloc_failed+0xe2/0x150
[ 2.382655] [<ffffffff811c2a10>] __vmalloc_node_range+0x240/0x280
[ 2.388814] [<ffffffff811c2a97>] __vmalloc+0x47/0x50
[ 2.393851] [<ffffffff81da02ae>] alloc_large_system_hash+0x189/0x25d
[ 2.400264] [<ffffffff81da7625>] inode_init+0x74/0xa3
[ 2.405381] [<ffffffff81da7483>] vfs_caches_init+0x59/0xe1
[ 2.410930] [<ffffffff81d6f070>] start_kernel+0x474/0x4d0
[ 2.416392] [<ffffffff81d6e719>] x86_64_start_kernel+0x147/0x156
Allocating 4G for a hash table is just ridiculous. 512MB which this
patch should give looks much reasonable, although I would argue it is
still a _lot_.
I cannot say I would be really happy about the chosen approach,
though. Why HASH_ADAPT is not implicit? Which hash table would need
gigabytes of memory and still benefit from it? Even if there is such an
example then it should use the explicit high_limit. I do not like this
opt-in because it is just too easy to miss that and hit the same issue
again. And in fact only few users of alloc_large_system_hash are using
the flag. E.g. why {dcache,inode}_init_early do not have the flag? I
am pretty sure that having a physically contiguous hash table would be
better over vmalloc from the TLB point of view.
mount_hashtable resp. mountpoint_hashtable are another example. Other
users just have a reasonable max value. So can we do the following
on top of your commit? I think that we should rethink the scaling as
well but I do not have a good answer for the maximum size so let's just
start with a more reasonable API first.
---
diff --git a/fs/dcache.c b/fs/dcache.c
index 808ea99062c2..363502faa328 100644
--- a/fs/dcache.c
+++ b/fs/dcache.c
@@ -3585,7 +3585,7 @@ static void __init dcache_init(void)
sizeof(struct hlist_bl_head),
dhash_entries,
13,
- HASH_ZERO | HASH_ADAPT,
+ HASH_ZERO,
&d_hash_shift,
&d_hash_mask,
0,
diff --git a/fs/inode.c b/fs/inode.c
index a9caf53df446..b3c0731ec1fe 100644
--- a/fs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/inode.c
@@ -1950,7 +1950,7 @@ void __init inode_init(void)
sizeof(struct hlist_head),
ihash_entries,
14,
- HASH_ZERO | HASH_ADAPT,
+ HASH_ZERO,
&i_hash_shift,
&i_hash_mask,
0,
diff --git a/include/linux/bootmem.h b/include/linux/bootmem.h
index dbaf312b3317..e223d91b6439 100644
--- a/include/linux/bootmem.h
+++ b/include/linux/bootmem.h
@@ -359,7 +359,6 @@ extern void *alloc_large_system_hash(const char *tablename,
#define HASH_SMALL 0x00000002 /* sub-page allocation allowed, min
* shift passed via *_hash_shift */
#define HASH_ZERO 0x00000004 /* Zero allocated hash table */
-#define HASH_ADAPT 0x00000008 /* Adaptive scale for large memory */
/* Only NUMA needs hash distribution. 64bit NUMA architectures have
* sufficient vmalloc space.
diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index fa752de84eef..3bf60669d200 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -7226,7 +7226,7 @@ void *__init alloc_large_system_hash(const char *tablename,
if (PAGE_SHIFT < 20)
numentries = round_up(numentries, (1<<20)/PAGE_SIZE);
- if (flags & HASH_ADAPT) {
+ if (!high_limit) {
unsigned long adapt;
for (adapt = ADAPT_SCALE_NPAGES; adapt < numentries;
