Hi, If a program access data like this: 1. open the file 2. write a lot of data into this file 3. close the file Assume the underlying file system is Ext3 file system. If Ext3 is in the data=ordered mode, all data will be forced directly out to the main file system prior to its metadata being committed to the journal. So my questions are: 1. How will the file system be notified after all data has been flushed into disk? 2. Unlike data=journal mode, in data=order mode, the data could be lost if system crashes when data is being flushed to disk. When system reboots, does journal contains the old meta data for undo? 3. Does sys_close() have to be blocked until all data and metadata are committed? If not, sys_close() may give application an illusion that the file is successfully written, which can cause the application to take subsequent operation. However, data flush could be failed. In this case, file system seems to mislead the application. Is this true? If so, any solutions? Thanks in advance for your help! -x - To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-fsdevel" in the body of a message to majordomo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html