Tune2fs does not recognize writes to filesystems in another namespace. Two simultaneous write operations on a block will lead to file system inconsistency, because there is no lock protection between userland and kernelland. The operation is as follows: first terminal second terminal mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb; mount /dev/sdb /test-sdb; dd if=/dev/zero of=/test-sdb/test1 bs=1M count=100; unshare -m; umount; gdb tune2fs; b io_channel_write_byte r -e remount-ro /dev/sdb c(Write a byte of old data into the cache) exit; (gdb finish) tune2fs -l /dev/sdb; tune2fs 1.46.4 (18-Aug-2021) tune2fs: Superblock checksum does not match superblock while trying to open /dev/sdb Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-ext4/29f6134f-ba0a-d601-0a5a-ad2b5e9bbf1d@xxxxxxxxxx/ After discussing with Tytso, I decided to use ioctl to solve the above problems. These patches are an example I wrote to complete the modification of the s_errors variable in the super block. Finally, if you have any good ideas, welcome to communicate with me by email. zhanchengbin (2): ext4: ioctl adds a framework for modifying superblock parameters ext4: ioctl add EXT4_IOC_SUPERBLOCK_KEY_S_ERRORS fs/ext4/ext4.h | 12 +++ fs/ext4/ioctl.c | 149 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ include/uapi/linux/ext4.h | 28 +++++++ 3 files changed, 189 insertions(+) -- 2.31.1