Hi Ted, Thanks for your detailed reply. Sorry about my english, the words could not be logical. Tiny pieces in B-tree to compose a page is too far from us too, and you are right, fs-verity is complete for >99% cases for the existed file system, and no need to worry about currently. As I mentioned in reply to Eric, I am actually curious about the Google fs-verity roadmap for the future Android, I need to analyze if it is only limited to APKs for the read-write partitions and not to replace dm-verity in the near future since fs-verity has some conflicts to EROFS I am working on I mentioned in the email to Eric. I think it is more than just to handle FILE_MAPPING and bio-strict for compression use. On 2018/8/25 13:06, Theodore Y. Ts'o wrote: > But I'd suggest worrying about it when such a file system > comes out of the woodwork, and someone is willing to do the work to > integrate fserity in that file system. > Yes, we are now handling partial page due to compression use. fs could submit bios in pages from different mapping(FILE_MAPPING[compress in-place and no caching compressed page to reduce extra memory overhead] or META_MAPPING [for caching compressed page]) and they could be decompressed into many full pages and (possible) a partial page (in-place or out-of-place). so in principle, since we have BIO_MAX_PAGES limitation, a filemap page could be Uptodate after two bios is ended and decompressed. and other runtime limitations could also divide a bio into two bios for encoded cases. Therefore, I think in that case we could not just consider FILE_MAPPING and one bio, and as you said `In that case, it could call fsverity after assembling the page in the page cache.' should be done in this way. > Well, the userspace interface for instantiating a fs-verity file is > that it writes the file data with the fs-verity metadata (which > consists of the Merkle tree with a fs-verity header at the end of the > file). The program (which might be a package manager such as dpkg or > rpm) would then call an ioctl which would cause the file system to > read the fs-verity header and make only the file data visible, and the > file system would the verify the data as it is read into the page > cache. Thanks for your reply again, I think fs-verity is good enough for now. However, I need to think over about fs-verity itself more... :( Thanks, Gao Xiang