Hi Ted, Firstly, thank-you for taking the time to look into this. I have modified your script with a "test-case" which fails for me every time, as I noticed there is a file created by a Linux kernel build which exhibits the problem (arch/x86/realmode/rm/realmode.bin) I think any kernel version 3.10.x on x86_64 ought to work. I've also included a few extra steps which I'm doing as part of the ext3 to ext4 conversion, and added the "-b" (binary) flag to md5sum. Here's the script. I'm not sure if it counts as a "simple" repro! :) ----- cut here ----- #!/bin/bash rm -f /tmp/foo.img mke2fs -t ext3 -Fq /tmp/foo.img 5G mount -o loop /tmp/foo.img /mnt dd if=/etc/motd of=/mnt/test bs=4k >& /dev/null dd if=/etc/motd of=/mnt/test conv=notrunc seek=32 bs=4k >& /dev/null dd if=/etc/motd of=/mnt/test2 bs=4k >& /dev/null dd if=/etc/motd of=/mnt/test2 conv=notrunc seek=1024 bs=4k >& /dev/null md5sum -b /mnt/test* > /mnt/MD5SUMS lsattr /mnt/test* ( cd /mnt xz -dc ~marc/LinuxStuff/Linux4.x/linux-4.11.1.tar.xz | tar xvf - cd linux-4.11.1 make defconfig time make -j 15 ) > /dev/null 2>&1 md5sum -b /mnt/linux-4.11.1/arch/x86/realmode/rm/realmode.bin >> /mnt/MD5SUMS lsattr /mnt/linux-4.11.1/arch/x86/realmode/rm/realmode.bin umount /mnt tune2fs -O extents,uninit_bg,dir_index /tmp/foo.img e2fsck -fy /tmp/foo.img e2fsck -fy -E bmap2extent /tmp/foo.img mount -o loop /tmp/foo.img /mnt md5sum -c /mnt/MD5SUMS lsattr /mnt/test* lsattr /mnt/linux-4.11.1/arch/x86/realmode/rm/realmode.bin umount /mnt ----- cut here ----- The output of the script is: time ./marc2.sh ------------------- /mnt/test ------------------- /mnt/test2 ------------------- /mnt/linux-4.11.1/arch/x86/realmode/rm/realmode.bin tune2fs 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017) e2fsck 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017) Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information /tmp/foo.img: 71184/327680 files (6.4% non-contiguous), 338237/1310720 blocks e2fsck 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017) Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 1E: Optimizing extent trees Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information /tmp/foo.img: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED ***** /tmp/foo.img: 71184/327680 files (6.4% non-contiguous), 334994/1310720 blocks /mnt/test: OK /mnt/test2: OK /mnt/linux-4.11.1/arch/x86/realmode/rm/realmode.bin: FAILED md5sum: WARNING: 1 computed checksum did NOT match --------------e---- /mnt/test --------------e---- /mnt/test2 --------------e---- /mnt/linux-4.11.1/arch/x86/realmode/rm/realmode.bin real 1m46.829s user 17m41.611s sys 1m39.268s Thanks & Kind Regards, Marc