[PATCH updated] ext4: Fix file fragmentation during large file write.

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The range_cyclic writeback mode use the address_space
writeback_index as the start index for writeback. With
delayed allocation we were updating writeback_index
wrongly resulting in highly fragmented file. Number of
extents reduced from 4000 to 27 for a 3GB file with
the below patch.

The patch also removes the range_cont writeback mode
added for ext4 delayed allocation. Instead we add
two new flags in writeback_control which control
the behaviour of write_cache_pages.

Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
---
 fs/ext4/inode.c           |  110 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 include/linux/writeback.h |    5 ++-
 mm/page-writeback.c       |   11 +++--
 3 files changed, 73 insertions(+), 53 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/ext4/inode.c b/fs/ext4/inode.c
index 7c2820e..f8890b9 100644
--- a/fs/ext4/inode.c
+++ b/fs/ext4/inode.c
@@ -1648,6 +1648,7 @@ static int mpage_da_submit_io(struct mpage_da_data *mpd)
 	int ret = 0, err, nr_pages, i;
 	unsigned long index, end;
 	struct pagevec pvec;
+	long pages_skipped;
 
 	BUG_ON(mpd->next_page <= mpd->first_page);
 	pagevec_init(&pvec, 0);
@@ -1655,20 +1656,30 @@ static int mpage_da_submit_io(struct mpage_da_data *mpd)
 	end = mpd->next_page - 1;
 
 	while (index <= end) {
-		/* XXX: optimize tail */
-		nr_pages = pagevec_lookup(&pvec, mapping, index, PAGEVEC_SIZE);
+		/*
+		 * We can use PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY lookup here because
+		 * even though we have cleared the dirty flag on the page
+		 * We still keep the page in the radix tree with tag
+		 * PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY. See clear_page_dirty_for_io.
+		 * The PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY is cleared in set_page_writeback
+		 * which is called via the below writepage callback.
+		 */
+		nr_pages = pagevec_lookup_tag(&pvec, mapping, &index,
+					PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY,
+					min(end - index,
+					(pgoff_t)PAGEVEC_SIZE-1) + 1);
 		if (nr_pages == 0)
 			break;
 		for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
 			struct page *page = pvec.pages[i];
 
-			index = page->index;
-			if (index > end)
-				break;
-			index++;
-
+			pages_skipped = mpd->wbc->pages_skipped;
 			err = mapping->a_ops->writepage(page, mpd->wbc);
-			if (!err)
+			if (!err && (pages_skipped == mpd->wbc->pages_skipped))
+				/*
+				 * have successfully written the page
+				 * without skipping the same
+				 */
 				mpd->pages_written++;
 			/*
 			 * In error case, we have to continue because
@@ -2104,7 +2115,6 @@ static int mpage_da_writepages(struct address_space *mapping,
 			       struct writeback_control *wbc,
 			       struct mpage_da_data *mpd)
 {
-	long to_write;
 	int ret;
 
 	if (!mpd->get_block)
@@ -2119,10 +2129,7 @@ static int mpage_da_writepages(struct address_space *mapping,
 	mpd->pages_written = 0;
 	mpd->retval = 0;
 
-	to_write = wbc->nr_to_write;
-
 	ret = write_cache_pages(mapping, wbc, __mpage_da_writepage, mpd);
-
 	/*
 	 * Handle last extent of pages
 	 */
@@ -2131,7 +2138,7 @@ static int mpage_da_writepages(struct address_space *mapping,
 			mpage_da_submit_io(mpd);
 	}
 
-	wbc->nr_to_write = to_write - mpd->pages_written;
+	wbc->nr_to_write -= mpd->pages_written;
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -2360,12 +2367,14 @@ static int ext4_da_writepages_trans_blocks(struct inode *inode)
 static int ext4_da_writepages(struct address_space *mapping,
 			      struct writeback_control *wbc)
 {
+	pgoff_t	index;
+	int range_whole = 0;
 	handle_t *handle = NULL;
-	loff_t range_start = 0;
+	long pages_written = 0;
 	struct mpage_da_data mpd;
 	struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
+	int no_nrwrite_update, no_index_update;
 	int needed_blocks, ret = 0, nr_to_writebump = 0;
-	long to_write, pages_skipped = 0;
 	struct ext4_sb_info *sbi = EXT4_SB(mapping->host->i_sb);
 
 	/*
@@ -2385,23 +2394,27 @@ static int ext4_da_writepages(struct address_space *mapping,
 		nr_to_writebump = sbi->s_mb_stream_request - wbc->nr_to_write;
 		wbc->nr_to_write = sbi->s_mb_stream_request;
 	}
+	if (wbc->range_start == 0 && wbc->range_end == LLONG_MAX)
+		range_whole = 1;
 
-	if (!wbc->range_cyclic)
-		/*
-		 * If range_cyclic is not set force range_cont
-		 * and save the old writeback_index
-		 */
-		wbc->range_cont = 1;
-
-	range_start =  wbc->range_start;
-	pages_skipped = wbc->pages_skipped;
+	if (wbc->range_cyclic)
+		index = mapping->writeback_index;
+	else
+		index = wbc->range_start >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
 
 	mpd.wbc = wbc;
 	mpd.inode = mapping->host;
 
-restart_loop:
-	to_write = wbc->nr_to_write;
-	while (!ret && to_write > 0) {
+	/*
+	 * we don't want write_cache_pages to update
+	 * nr_to_write and writeback_index
+	 */
+	no_nrwrite_update = wbc->no_nrwrite_update;
+	wbc->no_nrwrite_update = 1;
+	no_index_update = wbc->no_index_update;
+	wbc->no_index_update   = 1;
+
+	while (!ret && wbc->nr_to_write > 0) {
 
 		/*
 		 * we  insert one extent at a time. So we need
@@ -2422,48 +2435,49 @@ static int ext4_da_writepages(struct address_space *mapping,
 			dump_stack();
 			goto out_writepages;
 		}
-		to_write -= wbc->nr_to_write;
-
 		mpd.get_block = ext4_da_get_block_write;
 		ret = mpage_da_writepages(mapping, wbc, &mpd);
 
 		ext4_journal_stop(handle);
 
-		if (mpd.retval == -ENOSPC)
+		if (mpd.retval == -ENOSPC) {
+			/* commit the transaction which would
+			 * free blocks released in the transaction
+			 * and try again
+			 */
 			jbd2_journal_force_commit_nested(sbi->s_journal);
-
-		/* reset the retry count */
-		if (ret == MPAGE_DA_EXTENT_TAIL) {
+			ret = 0;
+		} else if (ret == MPAGE_DA_EXTENT_TAIL) {
 			/*
 			 * got one extent now try with
 			 * rest of the pages
 			 */
-			to_write += wbc->nr_to_write;
+			pages_written += mpd.pages_written;
 			ret = 0;
-		} else if (wbc->nr_to_write) {
+		} else if (wbc->nr_to_write)
 			/*
 			 * There is no more writeout needed
 			 * or we requested for a noblocking writeout
 			 * and we found the device congested
 			 */
-			to_write += wbc->nr_to_write;
 			break;
-		}
-		wbc->nr_to_write = to_write;
 	}
 
-	if (wbc->range_cont && (pages_skipped != wbc->pages_skipped)) {
-		/* We skipped pages in this loop */
-		wbc->range_start = range_start;
-		wbc->nr_to_write = to_write +
-				wbc->pages_skipped - pages_skipped;
-		wbc->pages_skipped = pages_skipped;
-		goto restart_loop;
-	}
+	/* Update index */
+	index += pages_written;
+	if (wbc->range_cyclic || (range_whole && wbc->nr_to_write > 0))
+		/*
+		 * set the writeback_index so that range_cyclic
+		 * mode will write it back later
+		 */
+		mapping->writeback_index = index;
 
 out_writepages:
-	wbc->nr_to_write = to_write - nr_to_writebump;
-	wbc->range_start = range_start;
+	if (!no_nrwrite_update)
+		wbc->no_nrwrite_update = 0;
+	if (!no_index_update)
+		wbc->no_index_update   = 0;
+	wbc->nr_to_write -= nr_to_writebump;
 	return ret;
 }
 
diff --git a/include/linux/writeback.h b/include/linux/writeback.h
index 12b15c5..b04287e 100644
--- a/include/linux/writeback.h
+++ b/include/linux/writeback.h
@@ -63,7 +63,10 @@ struct writeback_control {
 	unsigned for_writepages:1;	/* This is a writepages() call */
 	unsigned range_cyclic:1;	/* range_start is cyclic */
 	unsigned more_io:1;		/* more io to be dispatched */
-	unsigned range_cont:1;
+
+	/* write_cache_pages() control */
+	unsigned no_nrwrite_update:1;	/* don't update nr_to_write */
+	unsigned no_index_update:1;	/* don't update writeback_index */
 };
 
 /*
diff --git a/mm/page-writeback.c b/mm/page-writeback.c
index 24de8b6..a85930c 100644
--- a/mm/page-writeback.c
+++ b/mm/page-writeback.c
@@ -876,6 +876,7 @@ int write_cache_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
 	pgoff_t end;		/* Inclusive */
 	int scanned = 0;
 	int range_whole = 0;
+	long nr_to_write = wbc->nr_to_write;
 
 	if (wbc->nonblocking && bdi_write_congested(bdi)) {
 		wbc->encountered_congestion = 1;
@@ -939,7 +940,7 @@ int write_cache_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
 				unlock_page(page);
 				ret = 0;
 			}
-			if (ret || (--(wbc->nr_to_write) <= 0))
+			if (ret || (--nr_to_write <= 0))
 				done = 1;
 			if (wbc->nonblocking && bdi_write_congested(bdi)) {
 				wbc->encountered_congestion = 1;
@@ -958,11 +959,13 @@ int write_cache_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
 		index = 0;
 		goto retry;
 	}
-	if (wbc->range_cyclic || (range_whole && wbc->nr_to_write > 0))
+	if (!wbc->no_index_update &&
+		(wbc->range_cyclic || (range_whole && wbc->nr_to_write > 0))) {
 		mapping->writeback_index = index;
+	}
+	if (!wbc->no_nrwrite_update)
+		wbc->nr_to_write = nr_to_write;
 
-	if (wbc->range_cont)
-		wbc->range_start = index << PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
 	return ret;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(write_cache_pages);
-- 
1.6.0.1.285.g1070

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