During a discussion at OLS, I came up with a very simple way of validating the ext2/3/4 block bitmaps at read time. Until such a time when we have checksums for the bitmaps we can have a simple but quite robust mechanism that is useful for ext2/3/4. When a new block bitmap is read from disk in read_block_bitmap() there are a few bits that should ALWAYS be set. In particular, the blocks given by desc->bg_block_bitmap, desc->bg_inode_bitmap, and the inode table in [desc->bg_inode_table, +sbi->s_itb_per_group]. If those bits (shifted to be relative to the current group, of course) are not set then the on-disk group descriptor is corrupt, or there is some problem reading it from disk, and this needs to generate an extN_error() call[*] to make the fs read-only. A similar check can be done with the inode bitmap - it should have the bits at the end of each bitmap set, for bits higher than s_inodes_per_group. What I'm wondering is if anyone has time to implement this idea? I'm estimating it wouldn't be about 30 lines of simple code in total. [*] This reminds me - we should make the default ext4 error behaviour be the safer "remount-ro" instead of the dangerous "continue". Cheers, Andreas -- Andreas Dilger Principal Software Engineer Cluster File Systems, Inc. - To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-ext4" in the body of a message to majordomo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html