Hi All, Disclaimer: 1. Please note that this discussion is x86 specific 2. Below stated things are my understanding about kernel and I could have missed somethings, so please let me know if I understood something wrong. 3. I have focused only on memblock here because if I understand correctly, memblock is the base that feeds other memory management subsystems in kernel (like the buddy allocator). On x86 platforms, there are two sources through which kernel learns about physical memory in the system namely E820 table and EFI Memory Map. Each table describes which regions of system memory is usable by kernel and which regions should be preserved (i.e. reserved regions that typically have BIOS code/data) so that no other component in the system could read/write to these regions. I think they are duplicating the information and hence I have couple of questions regarding these 1. I see that only E820 table is being consumed by kernel [1] (i.e. memblock subsystem in kernel) to distinguish between "usable" vs "reserved" regions. Assume someone has called memblock_alloc(), the memblock subsystem would service the caller by allocating memory from "usable" regions and it knows this *only* from E820 table [2] (it does not check if EFI Memory Map also says that this region is usable as well). So, why isn't the kernel taking EFI Memory Map into consideration? (I see that it does happen only when "add_efi_memmap" kernel command line arg is passed i.e. passing this argument updates E820 table based on EFI Memory Map) [3]. The problem I see with memblock not taking EFI Memory Map into consideration is that, we are ignoring the main purpose for which EFI Memory Map exists. 2. Why doesn't the kernel have "add_efi_memmap" by default? From the commit "200001eb140e: x86 boot: only pick up additional EFI memmap if add_efi_memmap flag", I didn't understand why the decision was made so. Shouldn't we give more preference to EFI Memory map rather than E820 table as it's the latest and E820 is legacy? 3. Why isn't kernel checking that both the tables E820 table and EFI Memory Map are in sync i.e. is there any *possibility* that a buggy BIOS could report a region as usable in E820 table and as reserved in EFI Memory Map? [1] https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/source/arch/x86/kernel/setup.c#L1106 [2] https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/source/arch/x86/kernel/e820.c#L1265 [3] https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/source/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c#L129 Regards, Sai
