There's a deadlock when concurrently hot-adding memory through the probe
interface and switching a memory block from offline to online.
When hot-adding memory via the probe interface, add_memory() first takes
mem_hotplug_begin() and then device_lock() is later taken when
registering the newly initialized memory block. This creates a lock
dependency of (1) mem_hotplug.lock (2) dev->mutex.
When switching a memory block from offline to online, dev->mutex is first
grabbed in device_online() when the write(2) transitions an existing
memory block from offline to online, and then online_pages() will take
mem_hotplug_begin().
This creates a lock inversion between mem_hotplug.lock and dev->mutex.
Vitaly reports that this deadlock can happen when kworker handling a
probe event races with systemd-udevd switching a memory block's state.
This patch requires the state transition to take mem_hotplug_begin()
before dev->mutex. Hot-adding memory via the probe interface creates a
memory block while holding mem_hotplug_begin(), there is no way to take
dev->mutex first in this case.
online_pages() and offline_pages() are only called when transitioning
memory block state. We now require that mem_hotplug_begin() is taken
before calling them -- this requires exporting the mem_hotplug_begin()
and mem_hotplug_done() to generic code. In all hot-add and hot-remove
cases, mem_hotplug_begin() is done prior to device_online(). This is
all that is needed to avoid the deadlock.
Reported-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@xxxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@xxxxxxxxxx>
---
drivers/base/memory.c | 19 ++++++++++++-------
include/linux/memory_hotplug.h | 6 ++++++
mm/memory_hotplug.c | 33 ++++++++++++---------------------
3 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)
diff --git a/drivers/base/memory.c b/drivers/base/memory.c
--- a/drivers/base/memory.c
+++ b/drivers/base/memory.c
@@ -219,6 +219,7 @@ static bool pages_correctly_reserved(unsigned long start_pfn)
/*
* MEMORY_HOTPLUG depends on SPARSEMEM in mm/Kconfig, so it is
* OK to have direct references to sparsemem variables in here.
+ * Must already be protected by mem_hotplug_begin().
*/
static int
memory_block_action(unsigned long phys_index, unsigned long action, int online_type)
@@ -286,6 +287,7 @@ static int memory_subsys_online(struct device *dev)
if (mem->online_type < 0)
mem->online_type = MMOP_ONLINE_KEEP;
+ /* Already under protection of mem_hotplug_begin() */
ret = memory_block_change_state(mem, MEM_ONLINE, MEM_OFFLINE);
/* clear online_type */
@@ -328,17 +330,19 @@ store_mem_state(struct device *dev,
goto err;
}
+ /*
+ * Memory hotplug needs to hold mem_hotplug_begin() for probe to find
+ * the correct memory block to online before doing device_online(dev),
+ * which will take dev->mutex. Take the lock early to prevent an
+ * inversion, memory_subsys_online() callbacks will be implemented by
+ * assuming it's already protected.
+ */
+ mem_hotplug_begin();
+
switch (online_type) {
case MMOP_ONLINE_KERNEL:
case MMOP_ONLINE_MOVABLE:
case MMOP_ONLINE_KEEP:
- /*
- * mem->online_type is not protected so there can be a
- * race here. However, when racing online, the first
- * will succeed and the second will just return as the
- * block will already be online. The online type
- * could be either one, but that is expected.
- */
mem->online_type = online_type;
ret = device_online(&mem->dev);
break;
@@ -349,6 +353,7 @@ store_mem_state(struct device *dev,
ret = -EINVAL; /* should never happen */
}
+ mem_hotplug_done();
err:
unlock_device_hotplug();
diff --git a/include/linux/memory_hotplug.h b/include/linux/memory_hotplug.h
--- a/include/linux/memory_hotplug.h
+++ b/include/linux/memory_hotplug.h
@@ -192,6 +192,9 @@ extern void get_page_bootmem(unsigned long ingo, struct page *page,
void get_online_mems(void);
void put_online_mems(void);
+void mem_hotplug_begin(void);
+void mem_hotplug_done(void);
+
#else /* ! CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG */
/*
* Stub functions for when hotplug is off
@@ -231,6 +234,9 @@ static inline int try_online_node(int nid)
static inline void get_online_mems(void) {}
static inline void put_online_mems(void) {}
+static inline void mem_hotplug_begin(void) {}
+static inline void mem_hotplug_done(void) {}
+
#endif /* ! CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG */
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
diff --git a/mm/memory_hotplug.c b/mm/memory_hotplug.c
--- a/mm/memory_hotplug.c
+++ b/mm/memory_hotplug.c
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ void put_online_mems(void)
}
-static void mem_hotplug_begin(void)
+void mem_hotplug_begin(void)
{
mem_hotplug.active_writer = current;
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ static void mem_hotplug_begin(void)
}
}
-static void mem_hotplug_done(void)
+void mem_hotplug_done(void)
{
mem_hotplug.active_writer = NULL;
mutex_unlock(&mem_hotplug.lock);
@@ -959,6 +959,7 @@ static void node_states_set_node(int node, struct memory_notify *arg)
}
+/* Must be protected by mem_hotplug_begin() */
int __ref online_pages(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long nr_pages, int online_type)
{
unsigned long flags;
@@ -969,7 +970,6 @@ int __ref online_pages(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long nr_pages, int online_typ
int ret;
struct memory_notify arg;
- mem_hotplug_begin();
/*
* This doesn't need a lock to do pfn_to_page().
* The section can't be removed here because of the
@@ -977,21 +977,20 @@ int __ref online_pages(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long nr_pages, int online_typ
*/
zone = page_zone(pfn_to_page(pfn));
- ret = -EINVAL;
if ((zone_idx(zone) > ZONE_NORMAL ||
online_type == MMOP_ONLINE_MOVABLE) &&
!can_online_high_movable(zone))
- goto out;
+ return -EINVAL;
if (online_type == MMOP_ONLINE_KERNEL &&
zone_idx(zone) == ZONE_MOVABLE) {
if (move_pfn_range_left(zone - 1, zone, pfn, pfn + nr_pages))
- goto out;
+ return -EINVAL;
}
if (online_type == MMOP_ONLINE_MOVABLE &&
zone_idx(zone) == ZONE_MOVABLE - 1) {
if (move_pfn_range_right(zone, zone + 1, pfn, pfn + nr_pages))
- goto out;
+ return -EINVAL;
}
/* Previous code may changed the zone of the pfn range */
@@ -1007,7 +1006,7 @@ int __ref online_pages(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long nr_pages, int online_typ
ret = notifier_to_errno(ret);
if (ret) {
memory_notify(MEM_CANCEL_ONLINE, &arg);
- goto out;
+ return ret;
}
/*
* If this zone is not populated, then it is not in zonelist.
@@ -1031,7 +1030,7 @@ int __ref online_pages(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long nr_pages, int online_typ
(((unsigned long long) pfn + nr_pages)
<< PAGE_SHIFT) - 1);
memory_notify(MEM_CANCEL_ONLINE, &arg);
- goto out;
+ return ret;
}
zone->present_pages += onlined_pages;
@@ -1061,9 +1060,7 @@ int __ref online_pages(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long nr_pages, int online_typ
if (onlined_pages)
memory_notify(MEM_ONLINE, &arg);
-out:
- mem_hotplug_done();
- return ret;
+ return 0;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_SPARSE */
@@ -1684,21 +1681,18 @@ static int __ref __offline_pages(unsigned long start_pfn,
if (!test_pages_in_a_zone(start_pfn, end_pfn))
return -EINVAL;
- mem_hotplug_begin();
-
zone = page_zone(pfn_to_page(start_pfn));
node = zone_to_nid(zone);
nr_pages = end_pfn - start_pfn;
- ret = -EINVAL;
if (zone_idx(zone) <= ZONE_NORMAL && !can_offline_normal(zone, nr_pages))
- goto out;
+ return -EINVAL;
/* set above range as isolated */
ret = start_isolate_page_range(start_pfn, end_pfn,
MIGRATE_MOVABLE, true);
if (ret)
- goto out;
+ return ret;
arg.start_pfn = start_pfn;
arg.nr_pages = nr_pages;
@@ -1791,7 +1785,6 @@ repeat:
writeback_set_ratelimit();
memory_notify(MEM_OFFLINE, &arg);
- mem_hotplug_done();
return 0;
failed_removal:
@@ -1801,12 +1794,10 @@ failed_removal:
memory_notify(MEM_CANCEL_OFFLINE, &arg);
/* pushback to free area */
undo_isolate_page_range(start_pfn, end_pfn, MIGRATE_MOVABLE);
-
-out:
- mem_hotplug_done();
return ret;
}
+/* Must be protected by mem_hotplug_begin() */
int offline_pages(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long nr_pages)
{
return __offline_pages(start_pfn, start_pfn + nr_pages, 120 * HZ);
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