Now we have four types of dependencies in the dependency graph, and not
all the pathes carry real dependencies (the dependencies that may cause
a deadlock), for example:
Given lock A and B, if we have:
CPU1 CPU2
============= ==============
write_lock(A); read_lock(B);
read_lock(B); write_lock(A);
(assuming read_lock(B) is a recursive reader)
then we have dependencies A -(ER)-> B, and B -(SN)-> A, and a
dependency path A -(ER)-> B -(SN)-> A.
In lockdep w/o recursive locks, a dependency path from A to A
means a deadlock. However, the above case is obviously not a
deadlock, because no one holds B exclusively, therefore no one
waits for the other to release B, so who get A first in CPU1 and
CPU2 will run non-blockingly.
As a result, dependency path A -(ER)-> B -(SN)-> A is not a
real/strong dependency that could cause a deadlock.
>From the observation above, we know that for a dependency path to be
real/strong, no two adjacent dependencies can be as -(*R)-> -(S*)->.
Now our mission is to make __bfs() traverse only the strong dependency
paths, which is simple: we record whether we only have -(*R)-> for the
previous lock_list of the path in lock_list::only_xr, and when we pick a
dependency in the traverse, we 1) filter out -(S*)-> dependency if the
previous lock_list only has -(*R)-> dependency (i.e. ->only_xr is true)
and 2) set the next lock_list::only_xr to true if we only have -(*R)->
left after we filter out dependencies based on 1), otherwise, set it to
false.
With this extension for __bfs(), we now need to initialize the root of
__bfs() properly (with a correct ->only_xr), to do so, we introduce some
helper functions, which also cleans up a little bit for the __bfs() root
initialization code.
Signed-off-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@xxxxxxxxx>
---
include/linux/lockdep.h | 2 +
kernel/locking/lockdep.c | 113 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
2 files changed, 96 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)
diff --git a/include/linux/lockdep.h b/include/linux/lockdep.h
index 6ca0315d92c4..0b26d5d26411 100644
--- a/include/linux/lockdep.h
+++ b/include/linux/lockdep.h
@@ -215,6 +215,8 @@ struct lock_list {
u16 distance;
/* bitmap of different dependencies from head to this */
u8 dep;
+ /* used by BFS to record whether "prev -> this" only has -(*R)-> */
+ u8 only_xr;
/*
* The parent field is used to implement breadth-first search, and the
diff --git a/kernel/locking/lockdep.c b/kernel/locking/lockdep.c
index edf0cc261e8e..bb8b7e42c154 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/lockdep.c
+++ b/kernel/locking/lockdep.c
@@ -1551,8 +1551,72 @@ static inline u8 calc_depb(struct held_lock *prev, struct held_lock *next)
}
/*
- * Forward- or backward-dependency search, used for both circular dependency
- * checking and hardirq-unsafe/softirq-unsafe checking.
+ * Initialize a lock_list entry @lock belonging to @class as the root for a BFS
+ * search.
+ */
+static inline void __bfs_init_root(struct lock_list *lock,
+ struct lock_class *class)
+{
+ lock->class = class;
+ lock->parent = NULL;
+ lock->only_xr = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Initialize a lock_list entry @lock based on a lock acquisition @hlock as the
+ * root for a BFS search.
+ *
+ * ->only_xr of the initial lock node is set to @hlock->read == 2, to make sure
+ * that <prev> -> @hlock and @hlock -> <whatever __bfs() found> is not -(*R)->
+ * and -(S*)->.
+ */
+static inline void bfs_init_root(struct lock_list *lock,
+ struct held_lock *hlock)
+{
+ __bfs_init_root(lock, hlock_class(hlock));
+ lock->only_xr = (hlock->read == 2);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Similar to bfs_init_root() but initialize the root for backwards BFS.
+ *
+ * ->only_xr of the initial lock node is set to @hlock->read != 0, to make sure
+ * that <next> -> @hlock and @hlock -> <whatever backwards BFS found> is not
+ * -(*S)-> and -(R*)-> (reverse order of -(*R)-> and -(S*)->).
+ */
+static inline void bfs_init_rootb(struct lock_list *lock,
+ struct held_lock *hlock)
+{
+ __bfs_init_root(lock, hlock_class(hlock));
+ lock->only_xr = (hlock->read != 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Breadth-First Search to find a strong path in the dependency graph.
+ *
+ * @source_entry: the source of the path we are searching for.
+ * @data: data used for the second parameter of @match function
+ * @match: match function for the search
+ * @target_entry: pointer to the target of a matched path
+ * @offset: the offset to struct lock_class to determine whether it is
+ * locks_after or locks_before
+ *
+ * We may have multiple edges (considering different kinds of dependencies,
+ * e.g. ER and SN) between two nodes in the dependency graph. But
+ * only the strong dependency path in the graph is relevant to deadlocks. A
+ * strong dependency path is a dependency path that doesn't have two adjacent
+ * dependencies as -(*R)-> -(S*)->, please see:
+ *
+ * Documentation/locking/lockdep-design.rst
+ *
+ * for more explanation of the definition of strong dependency paths
+ *
+ * In __bfs(), we only traverse in the strong dependency path:
+ *
+ * In lock_list::only_xr, we record whether the previous dependency only
+ * has -(*R)-> in the search, and if it does (prev only has -(*R)->), we
+ * filter out any -(S*)-> in the current dependency and after that, the
+ * ->only_xr is set according to whether we only have -(*R)-> left.
*/
static enum bfs_result __bfs(struct lock_list *source_entry,
void *data,
@@ -1582,6 +1646,7 @@ static enum bfs_result __bfs(struct lock_list *source_entry,
__cq_enqueue(cq, source_entry);
while ((lock = __cq_dequeue(cq))) {
+ bool prev_only_xr;
if (!lock->class) {
ret = BFS_EINVALIDNODE;
@@ -1602,10 +1667,26 @@ static enum bfs_result __bfs(struct lock_list *source_entry,
head = get_dep_list(lock, offset);
- DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(!irqs_disabled());
+ prev_only_xr = lock->only_xr;
list_for_each_entry_rcu(entry, head, entry) {
unsigned int cq_depth;
+ u8 dep = entry->dep;
+
+ /*
+ * Mask out all -(S*)-> if we only have *R in previous
+ * step, because -(*R)-> -(S*)-> don't make up a strong
+ * dependency.
+ */
+ if (prev_only_xr)
+ dep &= ~(DEP_SR_MASK | DEP_SN_MASK);
+
+ /* If nothing left, we skip */
+ if (!dep)
+ continue;
+
+ /* If there are only -(*R)-> left, set that for the next step */
+ entry->only_xr = !(dep & (DEP_SN_MASK | DEP_EN_MASK));
visit_lock_entry(entry, lock);
if (match(entry, data)) {
@@ -1827,8 +1908,7 @@ unsigned long lockdep_count_forward_deps(struct lock_class *class)
unsigned long ret, flags;
struct lock_list this;
- this.parent = NULL;
- this.class = class;
+ __bfs_init_root(&this, class);
raw_local_irq_save(flags);
lockdep_lock();
@@ -1854,8 +1934,7 @@ unsigned long lockdep_count_backward_deps(struct lock_class *class)
unsigned long ret, flags;
struct lock_list this;
- this.parent = NULL;
- this.class = class;
+ __bfs_init_root(&this, class);
raw_local_irq_save(flags);
lockdep_lock();
@@ -1898,10 +1977,9 @@ check_noncircular(struct held_lock *src, struct held_lock *target,
{
enum bfs_result ret;
struct lock_list *uninitialized_var(target_entry);
- struct lock_list src_entry = {
- .class = hlock_class(src),
- .parent = NULL,
- };
+ struct lock_list src_entry;
+
+ bfs_init_root(&src_entry, src);
debug_atomic_inc(nr_cyclic_checks);
@@ -1937,10 +2015,9 @@ check_redundant(struct held_lock *src, struct held_lock *target)
{
enum bfs_result ret;
struct lock_list *uninitialized_var(target_entry);
- struct lock_list src_entry = {
- .class = hlock_class(src),
- .parent = NULL,
- };
+ struct lock_list src_entry;
+
+ bfs_init_root(&src_entry, src);
debug_atomic_inc(nr_redundant_checks);
@@ -3556,8 +3633,7 @@ check_usage_forwards(struct task_struct *curr, struct held_lock *this,
struct lock_list root;
struct lock_list *uninitialized_var(target_entry);
- root.parent = NULL;
- root.class = hlock_class(this);
+ bfs_init_root(&root, this);
ret = find_usage_forwards(&root, lock_flag(bit), &target_entry);
if (bfs_error(ret)) {
print_bfs_bug(ret);
@@ -3583,8 +3659,7 @@ check_usage_backwards(struct task_struct *curr, struct held_lock *this,
struct lock_list root;
struct lock_list *uninitialized_var(target_entry);
- root.parent = NULL;
- root.class = hlock_class(this);
+ bfs_init_rootb(&root, this);
ret = find_usage_backwards(&root, lock_flag(bit), &target_entry);
if (bfs_error(ret)) {
print_bfs_bug(ret);
--
2.28.0
