On 12/21, Mina Almasry wrote:
> Augment dmabuf binding to be able to handle TX. Additional to all the RX
> binding, we also create tx_vec and tx_iter needed for the TX path.
>
> Provide API for sendmsg to be able to send dmabufs bound to this device:
>
> - Provide a new dmabuf_tx_cmsg which includes the dmabuf to send from,
> and the offset into the dmabuf to send from.
> - MSG_ZEROCOPY with SCM_DEVMEM_DMABUF cmsg indicates send from dma-buf.
>
> Devmem is uncopyable, so piggyback off the existing MSG_ZEROCOPY
> implementation, while disabling instances where MSG_ZEROCOPY falls back
> to copying.
>
> We additionally look up the dmabuf to send from by id, then pipe the
> binding down to the new zerocopy_fill_skb_from_devmem which fills a TX skb
> with net_iov netmems instead of the traditional page netmems.
>
> We also special case skb_frag_dma_map to return the dma-address of these
> dmabuf net_iovs instead of attempting to map pages.
>
> Based on work by Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@xxxxxxxxxxx>. A lot of the meat
> of the implementation came from devmem TCP RFC v1[1], which included the
> TX path, but Stan did all the rebasing on top of netmem/net_iov.
>
> Cc: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@xxxxxxxxxxx>
> Signed-off-by: Kaiyuan Zhang <kaiyuanz@xxxxxxxxxx>
> Signed-off-by: Mina Almasry <almasrymina@xxxxxxxxxx>
>
> ---
> include/linux/skbuff.h | 13 +++-
> include/net/sock.h | 2 +
> include/uapi/linux/uio.h | 5 ++
> net/core/datagram.c | 40 ++++++++++-
> net/core/devmem.c | 91 +++++++++++++++++++++++--
> net/core/devmem.h | 40 +++++++++--
> net/core/netdev-genl.c | 65 +++++++++++++++++-
> net/core/skbuff.c | 8 ++-
> net/core/sock.c | 9 +++
> net/ipv4/tcp.c | 36 +++++++---
> net/vmw_vsock/virtio_transport_common.c | 4 +-
> 11 files changed, 281 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/include/linux/skbuff.h b/include/linux/skbuff.h
> index bb2b751d274a..e90dc0c4d542 100644
> --- a/include/linux/skbuff.h
> +++ b/include/linux/skbuff.h
> @@ -1711,9 +1711,10 @@ struct ubuf_info *msg_zerocopy_realloc(struct sock *sk, size_t size,
>
> void msg_zerocopy_put_abort(struct ubuf_info *uarg, bool have_uref);
>
> +struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding;
> int __zerocopy_sg_from_iter(struct msghdr *msg, struct sock *sk,
> struct sk_buff *skb, struct iov_iter *from,
> - size_t length);
> + size_t length, bool is_devmem);
>
> int zerocopy_fill_skb_from_iter(struct sk_buff *skb,
> struct iov_iter *from, size_t length);
> @@ -1721,12 +1722,14 @@ int zerocopy_fill_skb_from_iter(struct sk_buff *skb,
> static inline int skb_zerocopy_iter_dgram(struct sk_buff *skb,
> struct msghdr *msg, int len)
> {
> - return __zerocopy_sg_from_iter(msg, skb->sk, skb, &msg->msg_iter, len);
> + return __zerocopy_sg_from_iter(msg, skb->sk, skb, &msg->msg_iter, len,
> + false);
> }
>
> int skb_zerocopy_iter_stream(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb,
> struct msghdr *msg, int len,
> - struct ubuf_info *uarg);
> + struct ubuf_info *uarg,
> + struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding *binding);
>
> /* Internal */
> #define skb_shinfo(SKB) ((struct skb_shared_info *)(skb_end_pointer(SKB)))
> @@ -3697,6 +3700,10 @@ static inline dma_addr_t __skb_frag_dma_map(struct device *dev,
> size_t offset, size_t size,
> enum dma_data_direction dir)
> {
> + if (skb_frag_is_net_iov(frag)) {
> + return netmem_to_net_iov(frag->netmem)->dma_addr + offset +
> + frag->offset;
> + }
> return dma_map_page(dev, skb_frag_page(frag),
> skb_frag_off(frag) + offset, size, dir);
> }
> diff --git a/include/net/sock.h b/include/net/sock.h
> index d4bdd3286e03..75bd580fe9c6 100644
> --- a/include/net/sock.h
> +++ b/include/net/sock.h
> @@ -1816,6 +1816,8 @@ struct sockcm_cookie {
> u32 tsflags;
> u32 ts_opt_id;
> u32 priority;
> + u32 dmabuf_id;
> + u64 dmabuf_offset;
> };
>
> static inline void sockcm_init(struct sockcm_cookie *sockc,
> diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/uio.h b/include/uapi/linux/uio.h
> index 649739e0c404..41490cde95ad 100644
> --- a/include/uapi/linux/uio.h
> +++ b/include/uapi/linux/uio.h
> @@ -38,6 +38,11 @@ struct dmabuf_token {
> __u32 token_count;
> };
>
> +struct dmabuf_tx_cmsg {
> + __u32 dmabuf_id;
> + __u64 dmabuf_offset;
> +};
> +
> /*
> * UIO_MAXIOV shall be at least 16 1003.1g (5.4.1.1)
> */
> diff --git a/net/core/datagram.c b/net/core/datagram.c
> index f0693707aece..3b09995db894 100644
> --- a/net/core/datagram.c
> +++ b/net/core/datagram.c
> @@ -63,6 +63,8 @@
> #include <net/busy_poll.h>
> #include <crypto/hash.h>
>
> +#include "devmem.h"
> +
> /*
> * Is a socket 'connection oriented' ?
> */
> @@ -692,9 +694,41 @@ int zerocopy_fill_skb_from_iter(struct sk_buff *skb,
> return 0;
> }
>
> +static int zerocopy_fill_skb_from_devmem(struct sk_buff *skb,
> + struct msghdr *msg,
> + struct iov_iter *from, int length)
> +{
> + int i = skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags;
> + int orig_length = length;
> + netmem_ref netmem;
> + size_t size;
> +
> + while (length && iov_iter_count(from)) {
> + if (i == MAX_SKB_FRAGS)
> + return -EMSGSIZE;
> +
> + size = min_t(size_t, iter_iov_len(from), length);
> + if (!size)
> + return -EFAULT;
> +
> + netmem = net_iov_to_netmem(iter_iov(from)->iov_base);
> + get_netmem(netmem);
> + skb_add_rx_frag_netmem(skb, i, netmem, from->iov_offset, size,
> + PAGE_SIZE);
> +
> + iov_iter_advance(from, size);
> + length -= size;
> + i++;
> + }
> +
> + iov_iter_advance(&msg->msg_iter, orig_length);
> +
> + return 0;
> +}
> +
> int __zerocopy_sg_from_iter(struct msghdr *msg, struct sock *sk,
> struct sk_buff *skb, struct iov_iter *from,
> - size_t length)
> + size_t length, bool is_devmem)
> {
> unsigned long orig_size = skb->truesize;
> unsigned long truesize;
> @@ -702,6 +736,8 @@ int __zerocopy_sg_from_iter(struct msghdr *msg, struct sock *sk,
>
> if (msg && msg->msg_ubuf && msg->sg_from_iter)
> ret = msg->sg_from_iter(skb, from, length);
> + else if (unlikely(is_devmem))
> + ret = zerocopy_fill_skb_from_devmem(skb, msg, from, length);
> else
> ret = zerocopy_fill_skb_from_iter(skb, from, length);
>
> @@ -735,7 +771,7 @@ int zerocopy_sg_from_iter(struct sk_buff *skb, struct iov_iter *from)
> if (skb_copy_datagram_from_iter(skb, 0, from, copy))
> return -EFAULT;
>
> - return __zerocopy_sg_from_iter(NULL, NULL, skb, from, ~0U);
> + return __zerocopy_sg_from_iter(NULL, NULL, skb, from, ~0U, NULL);
> }
> EXPORT_SYMBOL(zerocopy_sg_from_iter);
>
> diff --git a/net/core/devmem.c b/net/core/devmem.c
> index f7e06a8cba01..81f1b715cfa6 100644
> --- a/net/core/devmem.c
> +++ b/net/core/devmem.c
> @@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
> #include <net/netdev_queues.h>
> #include <net/netdev_rx_queue.h>
> #include <net/page_pool/helpers.h>
> +#include <net/sock.h>
> #include <trace/events/page_pool.h>
>
> #include "devmem.h"
> @@ -63,8 +64,10 @@ void __net_devmem_dmabuf_binding_free(struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding *binding)
> dma_buf_detach(binding->dmabuf, binding->attachment);
> dma_buf_put(binding->dmabuf);
> xa_destroy(&binding->bound_rxqs);
> + kfree(binding->tx_vec);
> kfree(binding);
> }
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL(__net_devmem_dmabuf_binding_free);
>
> struct net_iov *
> net_devmem_alloc_dmabuf(struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding *binding)
> @@ -109,6 +112,13 @@ void net_devmem_unbind_dmabuf(struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding *binding)
> unsigned long xa_idx;
> unsigned int rxq_idx;
>
> + xa_erase(&net_devmem_dmabuf_bindings, binding->id);
> +
> + /* Ensure no tx net_devmem_lookup_dmabuf() are in flight after the
> + * erase.
> + */
> + synchronize_net();
> +
> if (binding->list.next)
> list_del(&binding->list);
>
> @@ -122,8 +132,6 @@ void net_devmem_unbind_dmabuf(struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding *binding)
> WARN_ON(netdev_rx_queue_restart(binding->dev, rxq_idx));
> }
>
> - xa_erase(&net_devmem_dmabuf_bindings, binding->id);
> -
> net_devmem_dmabuf_binding_put(binding);
> }
>
> @@ -174,8 +182,9 @@ int net_devmem_bind_dmabuf_to_queue(struct net_device *dev, u32 rxq_idx,
> }
>
> struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding *
> -net_devmem_bind_dmabuf(struct net_device *dev, unsigned int dmabuf_fd,
> - struct netlink_ext_ack *extack)
> +net_devmem_bind_dmabuf(struct net_device *dev,
> + enum dma_data_direction direction,
> + unsigned int dmabuf_fd, struct netlink_ext_ack *extack)
> {
> struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding *binding;
> static u32 id_alloc_next;
> @@ -183,6 +192,7 @@ net_devmem_bind_dmabuf(struct net_device *dev, unsigned int dmabuf_fd,
> struct dma_buf *dmabuf;
> unsigned int sg_idx, i;
> unsigned long virtual;
> + struct iovec *iov;
> int err;
>
> dmabuf = dma_buf_get(dmabuf_fd);
> @@ -218,13 +228,19 @@ net_devmem_bind_dmabuf(struct net_device *dev, unsigned int dmabuf_fd,
> }
>
> binding->sgt = dma_buf_map_attachment_unlocked(binding->attachment,
> - DMA_FROM_DEVICE);
> + direction);
> if (IS_ERR(binding->sgt)) {
> err = PTR_ERR(binding->sgt);
> NL_SET_ERR_MSG(extack, "Failed to map dmabuf attachment");
> goto err_detach;
> }
>
> + if (!binding->sgt || binding->sgt->nents == 0) {
> + err = -EINVAL;
> + NL_SET_ERR_MSG(extack, "Empty dmabuf attachment");
> + goto err_detach;
> + }
> +
> /* For simplicity we expect to make PAGE_SIZE allocations, but the
> * binding can be much more flexible than that. We may be able to
> * allocate MTU sized chunks here. Leave that for future work...
> @@ -236,6 +252,19 @@ net_devmem_bind_dmabuf(struct net_device *dev, unsigned int dmabuf_fd,
> goto err_unmap;
> }
>
> + if (direction == DMA_TO_DEVICE) {
> + virtual = 0;
> + for_each_sgtable_dma_sg(binding->sgt, sg, sg_idx)
> + virtual += sg_dma_len(sg);
> +
> + binding->tx_vec = kcalloc(virtual / PAGE_SIZE + 1,
> + sizeof(struct iovec), GFP_KERNEL);
> + if (!binding->tx_vec) {
> + err = -ENOMEM;
> + goto err_unmap;
> + }
> + }
> +
> virtual = 0;
> for_each_sgtable_dma_sg(binding->sgt, sg, sg_idx) {
> dma_addr_t dma_addr = sg_dma_address(sg);
> @@ -277,11 +306,21 @@ net_devmem_bind_dmabuf(struct net_device *dev, unsigned int dmabuf_fd,
> niov->owner = owner;
> page_pool_set_dma_addr_netmem(net_iov_to_netmem(niov),
> net_devmem_get_dma_addr(niov));
> +
> + if (direction == DMA_TO_DEVICE) {
> + iov = &binding->tx_vec[virtual / PAGE_SIZE + i];
> + iov->iov_base = niov;
> + iov->iov_len = PAGE_SIZE;
> + }
> }
>
> virtual += len;
> }
>
> + if (direction == DMA_TO_DEVICE)
> + iov_iter_init(&binding->tx_iter, WRITE, binding->tx_vec,
> + virtual / PAGE_SIZE + 1, virtual);
> +
> return binding;
>
> err_free_chunks:
> @@ -302,6 +341,21 @@ net_devmem_bind_dmabuf(struct net_device *dev, unsigned int dmabuf_fd,
> return ERR_PTR(err);
> }
>
> +struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding *net_devmem_lookup_dmabuf(u32 id)
> +{
> + struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding *binding;
> +
> + rcu_read_lock();
> + binding = xa_load(&net_devmem_dmabuf_bindings, id);
> + if (binding) {
> + if (!net_devmem_dmabuf_binding_get(binding))
> + binding = NULL;
> + }
> + rcu_read_unlock();
> +
> + return binding;
> +}
> +
> void dev_dmabuf_uninstall(struct net_device *dev)
> {
> struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding *binding;
> @@ -332,6 +386,33 @@ void net_devmem_put_net_iov(struct net_iov *niov)
> net_devmem_dmabuf_binding_put(niov->owner->binding);
> }
>
> +struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding *
> +net_devmem_get_sockc_binding(struct sock *sk, struct sockcm_cookie *sockc)
> +{
> + struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding *binding;
> + int err = 0;
> +
> + binding = net_devmem_lookup_dmabuf(sockc->dmabuf_id);
> + if (!binding || !binding->tx_vec) {
> + err = -EINVAL;
> + goto out_err;
> + }
> +
> + if (sock_net(sk) != dev_net(binding->dev)) {
> + err = -ENODEV;
> + goto out_err;
> + }
> +
> + iov_iter_advance(&binding->tx_iter, sockc->dmabuf_offset);
> + return binding;
> +
> +out_err:
> + if (binding)
> + net_devmem_dmabuf_binding_put(binding);
> +
> + return ERR_PTR(err);
> +}
> +
> /*** "Dmabuf devmem memory provider" ***/
>
> int mp_dmabuf_devmem_init(struct page_pool *pool)
> diff --git a/net/core/devmem.h b/net/core/devmem.h
> index 54e30fea80b3..f923c77d9c45 100644
> --- a/net/core/devmem.h
> +++ b/net/core/devmem.h
> @@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
> #define _NET_DEVMEM_H
>
> struct netlink_ext_ack;
> +struct sockcm_cookie;
> +struct sock;
>
> struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding {
> struct dma_buf *dmabuf;
> @@ -27,6 +29,10 @@ struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding {
> * The binding undos itself and unmaps the underlying dmabuf once all
> * those refs are dropped and the binding is no longer desired or in
> * use.
> + *
> + * net_devmem_get_net_iov() on dmabuf net_iovs will increment this
> + * reference, making sure that that the binding remains alive until all
> + * the net_iovs are no longer used.
> */
> refcount_t ref;
>
> @@ -42,6 +48,10 @@ struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding {
> * active.
> */
> u32 id;
> +
> + /* iov_iter representing all possible net_iov chunks in the dmabuf. */
> + struct iov_iter tx_iter;
> + struct iovec *tx_vec;
> };
>
> #if defined(CONFIG_NET_DEVMEM)
> @@ -66,8 +76,10 @@ struct dmabuf_genpool_chunk_owner {
>
> void __net_devmem_dmabuf_binding_free(struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding *binding);
> struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding *
> -net_devmem_bind_dmabuf(struct net_device *dev, unsigned int dmabuf_fd,
> - struct netlink_ext_ack *extack);
> +net_devmem_bind_dmabuf(struct net_device *dev,
> + enum dma_data_direction direction,
> + unsigned int dmabuf_fd, struct netlink_ext_ack *extack);
> +struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding *net_devmem_lookup_dmabuf(u32 id);
> void net_devmem_unbind_dmabuf(struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding *binding);
> int net_devmem_bind_dmabuf_to_queue(struct net_device *dev, u32 rxq_idx,
> struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding *binding,
> @@ -104,10 +116,10 @@ static inline u32 net_iov_binding_id(const struct net_iov *niov)
> return net_iov_owner(niov)->binding->id;
> }
>
> -static inline void
> +static inline bool
> net_devmem_dmabuf_binding_get(struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding *binding)
> {
> - refcount_inc(&binding->ref);
> + return refcount_inc_not_zero(&binding->ref);
> }
>
> static inline void
> @@ -126,6 +138,9 @@ struct net_iov *
> net_devmem_alloc_dmabuf(struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding *binding);
> void net_devmem_free_dmabuf(struct net_iov *ppiov);
>
> +struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding *
> +net_devmem_get_sockc_binding(struct sock *sk, struct sockcm_cookie *sockc);
> +
> #else
> struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding;
>
> @@ -144,11 +159,17 @@ __net_devmem_dmabuf_binding_free(struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding *binding)
>
> static inline struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding *
> net_devmem_bind_dmabuf(struct net_device *dev, unsigned int dmabuf_fd,
> + enum dma_data_direction direction,
> struct netlink_ext_ack *extack)
> {
> return ERR_PTR(-EOPNOTSUPP);
> }
>
> +static inline struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding *net_devmem_lookup_dmabuf(u32 id)
> +{
> + return NULL;
> +}
> +
> static inline void
> net_devmem_unbind_dmabuf(struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding *binding)
> {
> @@ -186,6 +207,17 @@ static inline u32 net_iov_binding_id(const struct net_iov *niov)
> {
> return 0;
> }
> +
> +static inline void
> +net_devmem_dmabuf_binding_put(struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding *binding)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding *
> +net_devmem_get_sockc_binding(struct sock *sk, struct sockcm_cookie *sockc)
> +{
> + return ERR_PTR(-EOPNOTSUPP);
> +}
> #endif
>
> #endif /* _NET_DEVMEM_H */
> diff --git a/net/core/netdev-genl.c b/net/core/netdev-genl.c
> index 00d3d5851487..b9928bac94da 100644
> --- a/net/core/netdev-genl.c
> +++ b/net/core/netdev-genl.c
> @@ -850,7 +850,8 @@ int netdev_nl_bind_rx_doit(struct sk_buff *skb, struct genl_info *info)
> goto err_unlock;
> }
>
> - binding = net_devmem_bind_dmabuf(netdev, dmabuf_fd, info->extack);
> + binding = net_devmem_bind_dmabuf(netdev, DMA_FROM_DEVICE, dmabuf_fd,
> + info->extack);
> if (IS_ERR(binding)) {
> err = PTR_ERR(binding);
> goto err_unlock;
> @@ -907,10 +908,68 @@ int netdev_nl_bind_rx_doit(struct sk_buff *skb, struct genl_info *info)
> return err;
> }
>
> -/* stub */
> int netdev_nl_bind_tx_doit(struct sk_buff *skb, struct genl_info *info)
> {
> - return 0;
> + struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding *binding;
> + struct list_head *sock_binding_list;
> + struct net_device *netdev;
> + u32 ifindex, dmabuf_fd;
> + struct sk_buff *rsp;
> + int err = 0;
> + void *hdr;
> +
> + if (GENL_REQ_ATTR_CHECK(info, NETDEV_A_DEV_IFINDEX) ||
> + GENL_REQ_ATTR_CHECK(info, NETDEV_A_DMABUF_FD))
> + return -EINVAL;
> +
> + ifindex = nla_get_u32(info->attrs[NETDEV_A_DEV_IFINDEX]);
> + dmabuf_fd = nla_get_u32(info->attrs[NETDEV_A_DMABUF_FD]);
> +
> + sock_binding_list =
> + genl_sk_priv_get(&netdev_nl_family, NETLINK_CB(skb).sk);
> + if (IS_ERR(sock_binding_list))
> + return PTR_ERR(sock_binding_list);
> +
> + rsp = genlmsg_new(GENLMSG_DEFAULT_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
> + if (!rsp)
> + return -ENOMEM;
> +
> + hdr = genlmsg_iput(rsp, info);
> + if (!hdr) {
> + err = -EMSGSIZE;
> + goto err_genlmsg_free;
> + }
> +
> + rtnl_lock();
> +
> + netdev = __dev_get_by_index(genl_info_net(info), ifindex);
> + if (!netdev || !netif_device_present(netdev)) {
> + err = -ENODEV;
> + goto err_unlock;
> + }
> +
> + binding = net_devmem_bind_dmabuf(netdev, DMA_TO_DEVICE, dmabuf_fd,
> + info->extack);
> + if (IS_ERR(binding)) {
> + err = PTR_ERR(binding);
> + goto err_unlock;
> + }
> +
> + list_add(&binding->list, sock_binding_list);
> +
> + nla_put_u32(rsp, NETDEV_A_DMABUF_ID, binding->id);
> + genlmsg_end(rsp, hdr);
> +
> + rtnl_unlock();
> +
> + return genlmsg_reply(rsp, info);
> +
> + net_devmem_unbind_dmabuf(binding);
> +err_unlock:
> + rtnl_unlock();
> +err_genlmsg_free:
> + nlmsg_free(rsp);
> + return err;
> }
>
> void netdev_nl_sock_priv_init(struct list_head *priv)
> diff --git a/net/core/skbuff.c b/net/core/skbuff.c
> index 815245d5c36b..eb6b41a32524 100644
> --- a/net/core/skbuff.c
> +++ b/net/core/skbuff.c
> @@ -1882,8 +1882,10 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(msg_zerocopy_ubuf_ops);
>
> int skb_zerocopy_iter_stream(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb,
> struct msghdr *msg, int len,
> - struct ubuf_info *uarg)
> + struct ubuf_info *uarg,
> + struct net_devmem_dmabuf_binding *binding)
> {
> + struct iov_iter *from = binding ? &binding->tx_iter : &msg->msg_iter;
For tx, I feel like this needs a copy of binding->tx_iter:
struct iov_iter tx_iter = binding->tx_iter;
struct iov_iter *from = binding ? &tx_iter : &msg->msg_iter;
Or something similar (rewind?). The tx_iter is advanced in
zerocopy_fill_skb_from_devmem but never reset back it seems (or I'm
missing something). In you case, if you call sendmsg twice with the same
offset, the second one will copy from 2*offset.
But I'd vote to move away from iov_iter on the tx side. From my initial
testing, the perf wasn't great. It's basically O(n_chunks) on every
message (iov_iter_advance does linear walk over the chunks). So when we call
several sendmsg() with 4k chunks and increasing offset,
this blows up to O(n_chunks^2). I tried to "fix" it by caching previous iter
position so the next sendmsg can continue without rewinding, but it was
a bit messy.
I have this simplified constant time version in [1], pls take a look
and lmk what you think (zerocopy_fill_skb_from_devmem and
net_devmem_get_niov_at). It is significantly faster and much simpler.
1: https://github.com/fomichev/linux/commit/3b3ad4f36771a376c204727e5a167c4993d4c65a#diff-a3bb611c084dada9bcd3ef6c5f9a17f6c5d58eb8e168aa9b07241841e96f6b94R710
