On Thu Mar 28, 2024 at 10:17 PM EET, Fan Wu wrote:
> From: Deven Bowers <deven.desai@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
>
> IPE's interpretation of the what the user trusts is accomplished through
> its policy. IPE's design is to not provide support for a single trust
> provider, but to support multiple providers to enable the end-user to
> choose the best one to seek their needs.
>
> This requires the policy to be rather flexible and modular so that
> integrity providers, like fs-verity, dm-verity, dm-integrity, or
> some other system, can plug into the policy with minimal code changes.
>
> Signed-off-by: Deven Bowers <deven.desai@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
> Signed-off-by: Fan Wu <wufan@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
>
> ---
> v2:
> + Split evaluation loop, access control hooks,
> and evaluation loop from policy parser and userspace
> interface to pass mailing list character limit
>
> v3:
> + Move policy load and activation audit event to 03/12
> + Fix a potential panic when a policy failed to load.
> + use pr_warn for a failure to parse instead of an
> audit record
> + Remove comments from headers
> + Add lockdep assertions to ipe_update_active_policy and
> ipe_activate_policy
> + Fix up warnings with checkpatch --strict
> + Use file_ns_capable for CAP_MAC_ADMIN for securityfs
> nodes.
> + Use memdup_user instead of kzalloc+simple_write_to_buffer.
> + Remove strict_parse command line parameter, as it is added
> by the sysctl command line.
> + Prefix extern variables with ipe_
>
> v4:
> + Remove securityfs to reverse-dependency
> + Add SHA1 reverse dependency.
> + Add versioning scheme for IPE properties, and associated
> interface to query the versioning scheme.
> + Cause a parser to always return an error on unknown syntax.
> + Remove strict_parse option
> + Change active_policy interface from sysctl, to securityfs,
> and change scheme.
>
> v5:
> + Cause an error if a default action is not defined for each
> operation.
> + Minor function renames
>
> v6:
> + No changes
>
> v7:
> + Further split parser and userspace interface into two
> separate commits, for easier review.
> + Refactor policy parser to make code cleaner via introducing a
> more modular design, for easier extension of policy, and
> easier review.
>
> v8:
> + remove unnecessary pr_info emission on parser loading
> + add explicit newline to the pr_err emitted when a parser
> fails to load.
>
> v9:
> + switch to match table to parse policy
> + remove quote syntax and KERNEL_READ operation
>
> v10:
> + Fix memory leaks in parser
> + Fix typos and change code styles
>
> v11:
> + Fix code style issues
>
> v12:
> + Add __always_unused to an unused parameter
> + Simplify error case handling
>
> v13:
> + No changes
>
> v14:
> + No changes
>
> v15:
> + No changes
>
> v16:
> + No changes
> ---
> security/ipe/Makefile | 2 +
> security/ipe/policy.c | 101 ++++++++
> security/ipe/policy.h | 83 ++++++
> security/ipe/policy_parser.c | 487 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> security/ipe/policy_parser.h | 11 +
> 5 files changed, 684 insertions(+)
> create mode 100644 security/ipe/policy.c
> create mode 100644 security/ipe/policy.h
> create mode 100644 security/ipe/policy_parser.c
> create mode 100644 security/ipe/policy_parser.h
>
> diff --git a/security/ipe/Makefile b/security/ipe/Makefile
> index f7a80d0f18f8..c09aec4904f2 100644
> --- a/security/ipe/Makefile
> +++ b/security/ipe/Makefile
> @@ -7,3 +7,5 @@
>
> obj-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_IPE) += \
> ipe.o \
> + policy.o \
> + policy_parser.o \
> diff --git a/security/ipe/policy.c b/security/ipe/policy.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..f22a576a6d68
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/security/ipe/policy.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
> +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +/*
> + * Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
> + */
> +
> +#include <linux/errno.h>
> +#include <linux/verification.h>
> +
> +#include "ipe.h"
> +#include "policy.h"
> +#include "policy_parser.h"
> +
> +/**
> + * ipe_free_policy - Deallocate a given IPE policy.
> + * @p: Supplies the policy to free.
> + *
> + * Safe to call on IS_ERR/NULL.
> + */
> +void ipe_free_policy(struct ipe_policy *p)
> +{
> + if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(p))
> + return;
> +
> + free_parsed_policy(p->parsed);
> + /*
> + * p->text is allocated only when p->pkcs7 is not NULL
> + * otherwise it points to the plaintext data inside the pkcs7
> + */
> + if (!p->pkcs7)
> + kfree(p->text);
> + kfree(p->pkcs7);
> + kfree(p);
> +}
> +
> +static int set_pkcs7_data(void *ctx, const void *data, size_t len,
> + size_t asn1hdrlen __always_unused)
> +{
> + struct ipe_policy *p = ctx;
> +
> + p->text = (const char *)data;
> + p->textlen = len;
> +
> + return 0;
> +}
> +
> +/**
> + * ipe_new_policy - Allocate and parse an ipe_policy structure.
> + *
> + * @text: Supplies a pointer to the plain-text policy to parse.
> + * @textlen: Supplies the length of @text.
> + * @pkcs7: Supplies a pointer to a pkcs7-signed IPE policy.
> + * @pkcs7len: Supplies the length of @pkcs7.
> + *
> + * @text/@textlen Should be NULL/0 if @pkcs7/@pkcs7len is set.
> + *
> + * Return:
> + * * !IS_ERR - Success
s/!IS_ERR/0/
> + * * -EBADMSG - Policy is invalid
> + * * -ENOMEM - Out of memory
> + */
> +struct ipe_policy *ipe_new_policy(const char *text, size_t textlen,
> + const char *pkcs7, size_t pkcs7len)
> +{
> + int rc = 0;
> + struct ipe_policy *new = NULL;
> +
> + new = kzalloc(sizeof(*new), GFP_KERNEL);
> + if (!new)
> + return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
> +
> + if (!text) {
> + new->pkcs7len = pkcs7len;
> + new->pkcs7 = kmemdup(pkcs7, pkcs7len, GFP_KERNEL);
> + if (!new->pkcs7) {
> + rc = -ENOMEM;
> + goto err;
> + }
> +
> + rc = verify_pkcs7_signature(NULL, 0, new->pkcs7, pkcs7len, NULL,
> + VERIFYING_UNSPECIFIED_SIGNATURE,
> + set_pkcs7_data, new);
> + if (rc)
> + goto err;
> + } else {
> + new->textlen = textlen;
> + new->text = kstrdup(text, GFP_KERNEL);
> + if (!new->text) {
> + rc = -ENOMEM;
> + goto err;
> + }
> + }
> +
> + rc = parse_policy(new);
> + if (rc)
> + goto err;
> +
> + return new;
> +err:
> + ipe_free_policy(new);
> + return ERR_PTR(rc);
> +}
> diff --git a/security/ipe/policy.h b/security/ipe/policy.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..fb906f41522b
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/security/ipe/policy.h
> @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
> +/*
> + * Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
> + */
> +#ifndef _IPE_POLICY_H
> +#define _IPE_POLICY_H
> +
> +#include <linux/list.h>
> +#include <linux/types.h>
> +
> +enum ipe_op_type {
> + IPE_OP_EXEC = 0,
> + IPE_OP_FIRMWARE,
> + IPE_OP_KERNEL_MODULE,
> + IPE_OP_KEXEC_IMAGE,
> + IPE_OP_KEXEC_INITRAMFS,
> + IPE_OP_POLICY,
> + IPE_OP_X509,
> + __IPE_OP_MAX,
> +};
> +
> +#define IPE_OP_INVALID __IPE_OP_MAX
> +
> +enum ipe_action_type {
> + IPE_ACTION_ALLOW = 0,
> + IPE_ACTION_DENY,
> + __IPE_ACTION_MAX
> +};
> +
> +#define IPE_ACTION_INVALID __IPE_ACTION_MAX
> +
> +enum ipe_prop_type {
> + __IPE_PROP_MAX
> +};
> +
> +#define IPE_PROP_INVALID __IPE_PROP_MAX
> +
> +struct ipe_prop {
> + struct list_head next;
> + enum ipe_prop_type type;
> + void *value;
> +};
> +
> +struct ipe_rule {
> + enum ipe_op_type op;
> + enum ipe_action_type action;
> + struct list_head props;
> + struct list_head next;
> +};
> +
> +struct ipe_op_table {
> + struct list_head rules;
> + enum ipe_action_type default_action;
> +};
> +
> +struct ipe_parsed_policy {
> + const char *name;
> + struct {
> + u16 major;
> + u16 minor;
> + u16 rev;
> + } version;
> +
> + enum ipe_action_type global_default_action;
> +
> + struct ipe_op_table rules[__IPE_OP_MAX];
> +};
> +
> +struct ipe_policy {
> + const char *pkcs7;
> + size_t pkcs7len;
> +
> + const char *text;
> + size_t textlen;
> +
> + struct ipe_parsed_policy *parsed;
> +};
> +
> +struct ipe_policy *ipe_new_policy(const char *text, size_t textlen,
> + const char *pkcs7, size_t pkcs7len);
> +void ipe_free_policy(struct ipe_policy *pol);
> +
> +#endif /* _IPE_POLICY_H */
> diff --git a/security/ipe/policy_parser.c b/security/ipe/policy_parser.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..612839b405f4
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/security/ipe/policy_parser.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,487 @@
> +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +/*
> + * Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
> + */
> +
> +#include <linux/err.h>
> +#include <linux/slab.h>
> +#include <linux/parser.h>
> +#include <linux/types.h>
> +#include <linux/ctype.h>
> +
> +#include "policy.h"
> +#include "policy_parser.h"
> +
> +#define START_COMMENT '#'
> +#define IPE_POLICY_DELIM " \t"
> +#define IPE_LINE_DELIM "\n\r"
> +
> +/**
> + * new_parsed_policy - Allocate and initialize a parsed policy.
> + *
> + * Return:
> + * * !IS_ERR - OK
> + * * -ENOMEM - Out of memory
> + */
> +static struct ipe_parsed_policy *new_parsed_policy(void)
> +{
> + size_t i = 0;
> + struct ipe_parsed_policy *p = NULL;
> + struct ipe_op_table *t = NULL;
> +
> + p = kzalloc(sizeof(*p), GFP_KERNEL);
> + if (!p)
> + return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
> +
> + p->global_default_action = IPE_ACTION_INVALID;
> +
> + for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(p->rules); ++i) {
> + t = &p->rules[i];
> +
> + t->default_action = IPE_ACTION_INVALID;
> + INIT_LIST_HEAD(&t->rules);
> + }
> +
> + return p;
> +}
> +
> +/**
> + * remove_comment - Truncate all chars following START_COMMENT in a string.
> + *
> + * @line: Supplies a policy line string for preprocessing.
> + */
> +static void remove_comment(char *line)
> +{
> + line = strchr(line, START_COMMENT);
> +
> + if (line)
> + *line = '\0';
> +}
> +
> +/**
> + * remove_trailing_spaces - Truncate all trailing spaces in a string.
> + *
> + * @line: Supplies a policy line string for preprocessing.
> + *
> + * Return: The length of truncated string.
> + */
> +static size_t remove_trailing_spaces(char *line)
> +{
> + size_t i = 0;
> +
> + i = strlen(line);
> + while (i > 0 && isspace(line[i - 1]))
> + i--;
> +
> + line[i] = '\0';
> +
> + return i;
> +}
> +
> +/**
> + * parse_version - Parse policy version.
> + * @ver: Supplies a version string to be parsed.
> + * @p: Supplies the partial parsed policy.
> + *
> + * Return:
> + * * 0 - OK
> + * * !0 - Standard errno
> + */
> +static int parse_version(char *ver, struct ipe_parsed_policy *p)
> +{
> + int rc = 0;
> + size_t sep_count = 0;
> + char *token;
> + u16 *const cv[] = { &p->version.major, &p->version.minor, &p->version.rev };
> +
> + while ((token = strsep(&ver, ".")) != NULL) {
> + /* prevent overflow */
> + if (sep_count >= ARRAY_SIZE(cv))
> + return -EBADMSG;
> +
> + rc = kstrtou16(token, 10, cv[sep_count]);
> + if (rc)
> + return rc;
> +
> + ++sep_count;
> + }
> +
> + /* prevent underflow */
> + if (sep_count != ARRAY_SIZE(cv))
> + return -EBADMSG;
> +
> + return 0;
> +}
> +
> +enum header_opt {
> + IPE_HEADER_POLICY_NAME = 0,
> + IPE_HEADER_POLICY_VERSION,
> + __IPE_HEADER_MAX
> +};
> +
> +static const match_table_t header_tokens = {
> + {IPE_HEADER_POLICY_NAME, "policy_name=%s"},
> + {IPE_HEADER_POLICY_VERSION, "policy_version=%s"},
> + {__IPE_HEADER_MAX, NULL}
> +};
> +
> +/**
> + * parse_header - Parse policy header information.
> + * @line: Supplies header line to be parsed.
> + * @p: Supplies the partial parsed policy.
> + *
> + * Return:
> + * * 0 - OK
> + * * !0 - Standard errno
> + */
> +static int parse_header(char *line, struct ipe_parsed_policy *p)
> +{
> + int rc = 0;
> + char *t, *ver = NULL;
> + substring_t args[MAX_OPT_ARGS];
> + size_t idx = 0;
> +
> + while ((t = strsep(&line, IPE_POLICY_DELIM)) != NULL) {
> + int token;
> +
> + if (*t == '\0')
> + continue;
> + if (idx >= __IPE_HEADER_MAX) {
> + rc = -EBADMSG;
> + goto out;
> + }
> +
> + token = match_token(t, header_tokens, args);
> + if (token != idx) {
> + rc = -EBADMSG;
> + goto out;
> + }
> +
> + switch (token) {
> + case IPE_HEADER_POLICY_NAME:
> + p->name = match_strdup(&args[0]);
> + if (!p->name)
> + rc = -ENOMEM;
> + break;
> + case IPE_HEADER_POLICY_VERSION:
> + ver = match_strdup(&args[0]);
> + if (!ver) {
> + rc = -ENOMEM;
> + break;
> + }
> + rc = parse_version(ver, p);
> + break;
> + default:
> + rc = -EBADMSG;
> + }
> + if (rc)
> + goto out;
> + ++idx;
> + }
> +
> + if (idx != __IPE_HEADER_MAX)
> + rc = -EBADMSG;
> +
> +out:
> + kfree(ver);
> + return rc;
> +}
> +
> +/**
> + * token_default - Determine if the given token is "DEFAULT".
> + * @token: Supplies the token string to be compared.
> + *
> + * Return:
> + * * 0 - The token is not "DEFAULT"
> + * * !0 - The token is "DEFAULT"
> + */
> +static bool token_default(char *token)
> +{
> + return !strcmp(token, "DEFAULT");
> +}
> +
> +/**
> + * free_rule - Free the supplied ipe_rule struct.
> + * @r: Supplies the ipe_rule struct to be freed.
> + *
> + * Free a ipe_rule struct @r. Note @r must be removed from any lists before
> + * calling this function.
> + */
> +static void free_rule(struct ipe_rule *r)
> +{
> + struct ipe_prop *p, *t;
> +
> + if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(r))
> + return;
> +
> + list_for_each_entry_safe(p, t, &r->props, next) {
> + list_del(&p->next);
> + kfree(p);
> + }
> +
> + kfree(r);
> +}
> +
> +static const match_table_t operation_tokens = {
> + {IPE_OP_EXEC, "op=EXECUTE"},
> + {IPE_OP_FIRMWARE, "op=FIRMWARE"},
> + {IPE_OP_KERNEL_MODULE, "op=KMODULE"},
> + {IPE_OP_KEXEC_IMAGE, "op=KEXEC_IMAGE"},
> + {IPE_OP_KEXEC_INITRAMFS, "op=KEXEC_INITRAMFS"},
> + {IPE_OP_POLICY, "op=POLICY"},
> + {IPE_OP_X509, "op=X509_CERT"},
> + {IPE_OP_INVALID, NULL}
> +};
> +
> +/**
> + * parse_operation - Parse the operation type given a token string.
> + * @t: Supplies the token string to be parsed.
> + *
> + * Return: The parsed operation type.
> + */
> +static enum ipe_op_type parse_operation(char *t)
> +{
> + substring_t args[MAX_OPT_ARGS];
> +
> + return match_token(t, operation_tokens, args);
> +}
> +
> +static const match_table_t action_tokens = {
> + {IPE_ACTION_ALLOW, "action=ALLOW"},
> + {IPE_ACTION_DENY, "action=DENY"},
> + {IPE_ACTION_INVALID, NULL}
> +};
> +
> +/**
> + * parse_action - Parse the action type given a token string.
> + * @t: Supplies the token string to be parsed.
> + *
> + * Return: The parsed action type.
> + */
> +static enum ipe_action_type parse_action(char *t)
> +{
> + substring_t args[MAX_OPT_ARGS];
> +
> + return match_token(t, action_tokens, args);
> +}
> +
> +/**
> + * parse_property - Parse the property type given a token string.
> + * @t: Supplies the token string to be parsed.
> + * @r: Supplies the ipe_rule the parsed property will be associated with.
> + *
> + * Return:
> + * * !IS_ERR - OK
> + * * -ENOMEM - Out of memory
> + * * -EBADMSG - The supplied token cannot be parsed
> + */
> +static int parse_property(char *t, struct ipe_rule *r)
> +{
> + return -EBADMSG;
> +}
> +
> +/**
> + * parse_rule - parse a policy rule line.
> + * @line: Supplies rule line to be parsed.
> + * @p: Supplies the partial parsed policy.
> + *
> + * Return:
> + * * !IS_ERR - OK
> + * * -ENOMEM - Out of memory
> + * * -EBADMSG - Policy syntax error
> + */
> +static int parse_rule(char *line, struct ipe_parsed_policy *p)
> +{
> + int rc = 0;
> + bool first_token = true, is_default_rule = false;
> + bool op_parsed = false;
> + enum ipe_op_type op = IPE_OP_INVALID;
> + enum ipe_action_type action = IPE_ACTION_INVALID;
> + struct ipe_rule *r = NULL;
> + char *t;
> +
> + r = kzalloc(sizeof(*r), GFP_KERNEL);
> + if (!r)
> + return -ENOMEM;
> +
> + INIT_LIST_HEAD(&r->next);
> + INIT_LIST_HEAD(&r->props);
> +
> + while (t = strsep(&line, IPE_POLICY_DELIM), line) {
> + if (*t == '\0')
> + continue;
> + if (first_token && token_default(t)) {
> + is_default_rule = true;
> + } else {
> + if (!op_parsed) {
> + op = parse_operation(t);
> + if (op == IPE_OP_INVALID)
> + rc = -EBADMSG;
> + else
> + op_parsed = true;
> + } else {
> + rc = parse_property(t, r);
> + }
> + }
> +
> + if (rc)
> + goto err;
> + first_token = false;
> + }
> +
> + action = parse_action(t);
> + if (action == IPE_ACTION_INVALID) {
> + rc = -EBADMSG;
> + goto err;
> + }
> +
> + if (is_default_rule) {
> + if (!list_empty(&r->props)) {
> + rc = -EBADMSG;
> + } else if (op == IPE_OP_INVALID) {
> + if (p->global_default_action != IPE_ACTION_INVALID)
> + rc = -EBADMSG;
> + else
> + p->global_default_action = action;
> + } else {
> + if (p->rules[op].default_action != IPE_ACTION_INVALID)
> + rc = -EBADMSG;
> + else
> + p->rules[op].default_action = action;
> + }
> + } else if (op != IPE_OP_INVALID && action != IPE_ACTION_INVALID) {
> + r->op = op;
> + r->action = action;
> + } else {
> + rc = -EBADMSG;
> + }
> +
> + if (rc)
> + goto err;
> + if (!is_default_rule)
> + list_add_tail(&r->next, &p->rules[op].rules);
> + else
> + free_rule(r);
> +
> + return rc;
> +err:
> + free_rule(r);
> + return rc;
> +}
> +
> +/**
> + * free_parsed_policy - free a parsed policy structure.
> + * @p: Supplies the parsed policy.
> + */
> +void free_parsed_policy(struct ipe_parsed_policy *p)
> +{
> + size_t i = 0;
> + struct ipe_rule *pp, *t;
> +
> + if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(p))
> + return;
> +
> + for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(p->rules); ++i)
> + list_for_each_entry_safe(pp, t, &p->rules[i].rules, next) {
> + list_del(&pp->next);
> + free_rule(pp);
> + }
> +
> + kfree(p->name);
> + kfree(p);
> +}
> +
> +/**
> + * validate_policy - validate a parsed policy.
> + * @p: Supplies the fully parsed policy.
> + *
> + * Given a policy structure that was just parsed, validate that all
> + * necessary fields are present, initialized correctly.
> + *
> + * A parsed policy can be in an invalid state for use (a default was
> + * undefined) by just parsing the policy.
> + *
> + * Return:
> + * * 0 - OK
> + * * -EBADMSG - Policy is invalid
> + */
> +static int validate_policy(const struct ipe_parsed_policy *p)
> +{
> + size_t i = 0;
> +
> + if (p->global_default_action != IPE_ACTION_INVALID)
> + return 0;
> +
> + for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(p->rules); ++i) {
> + if (p->rules[i].default_action == IPE_ACTION_INVALID)
> + return -EBADMSG;
> + }
> +
> + return 0;
> +}
> +
> +/**
> + * parse_policy - Given a string, parse the string into an IPE policy.
> + * @p: partially filled ipe_policy structure to populate with the result.
> + * it must have text and textlen set.
> + *
> + * Return:
> + * * 0 - OK
> + * * -EBADMSG - Policy is invalid
> + * * -ENOMEM - Out of Memory
> + */
> +int parse_policy(struct ipe_policy *p)
> +{
> + int rc = 0;
> + size_t len;
> + char *policy = NULL, *dup = NULL;
> + char *line = NULL;
> + bool header_parsed = false;
> + struct ipe_parsed_policy *pp = NULL;
> +
> + if (!p->textlen)
> + return -EBADMSG;
> +
> + policy = kmemdup_nul(p->text, p->textlen, GFP_KERNEL);
> + if (!policy)
> + return -ENOMEM;
> + dup = policy;
> +
> + pp = new_parsed_policy();
> + if (IS_ERR(pp)) {
> + rc = PTR_ERR(pp);
> + goto out;
> + }
> +
> + while ((line = strsep(&policy, IPE_LINE_DELIM)) != NULL) {
> + remove_comment(line);
> + len = remove_trailing_spaces(line);
> + if (!len)
> + continue;
> +
> + if (!header_parsed) {
> + rc = parse_header(line, pp);
> + if (rc)
> + goto err;
> + header_parsed = true;
> + } else {
> + rc = parse_rule(line, pp);
> + if (rc)
> + goto err;
> + }
> + }
> +
> + if (!header_parsed || validate_policy(pp)) {
> + rc = -EBADMSG;
> + goto err;
> + }
> +
> + p->parsed = pp;
> +
> +out:
> + kfree(dup);
> + return rc;
> +err:
> + free_parsed_policy(pp);
> + goto out;
> +}
> diff --git a/security/ipe/policy_parser.h b/security/ipe/policy_parser.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..2b744103d06a
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/security/ipe/policy_parser.h
> @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
> +/*
> + * Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
> + */
> +#ifndef _IPE_POLICY_PARSER_H
> +#define _IPE_POLICY_PARSER_H
> +
> +int parse_policy(struct ipe_policy *p);
> +void free_parsed_policy(struct ipe_parsed_policy *p);
> +
> +#endif /* _IPE_POLICY_PARSER_H */
BR, Jarkko
