From: Maryam Tahhan <mtahhan@xxxxxxxxxx>
Add documentation for BPF_MAP_TYPE_XSKMAP
including kernel version introduced, usage
and examples.
Signed-off-by: Maryam Tahhan <mtahhan@xxxxxxxxxx>
---
v5:
- Fixed references to user space
v4:
- Add more details about AF_XDP sockets and where to find
relevant info.
- Fixup typos.
- Remove ``c:function::`` block directives.
- Replace spaces with tabs in code blocks.
v3:
- Fixed duplicate function warnings from Sphinx >= 3.3.
v2:
- Fixed typos + incorrect return type references.
- Adjusted examples to use __u32 and fixed references to key_size.
- Changed `AF_XDP socket` references to XSK.
- Added note re map key and value size.
---
Documentation/bpf/map_xskmap.rst | 192 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1 file changed, 192 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 Documentation/bpf/map_xskmap.rst
diff --git a/Documentation/bpf/map_xskmap.rst b/Documentation/bpf/map_xskmap.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7093b8208451
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/bpf/map_xskmap.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+.. Copyright (C) 2022 Red Hat, Inc.
+
+===================
+BPF_MAP_TYPE_XSKMAP
+===================
+
+.. note::
+ - ``BPF_MAP_TYPE_XSKMAP`` was introduced in kernel version 4.18
+
+The ``BPF_MAP_TYPE_XSKMAP`` is used as a backend map for XDP BPF helper
+call ``bpf_redirect_map()`` and ``XDP_REDIRECT`` action, like 'devmap' and 'cpumap'.
+This map type redirects raw XDP frames to `AF_XDP`_ sockets (XSKs), a new type of
+address family in the kernel that allows redirection of frames from a driver to
+user space without having to traverse the full network stack. An AF_XDP socket
+binds to a single netdev queue. A mapping of XSKs to queues is shown below:
+
+.. code-block:: none
+
+ +---------------------------------------------------+
+ | xsk A | xsk B | xsk C |<---+ User space
+ =========================================================|==========
+ | Queue 0 | Queue 1 | Queue 2 | | Kernel
+ +---------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | Netdev eth0 | |
+ +---------------------------------------------------+ |
+ | +=============+ | |
+ | | key | xsk | | |
+ | +---------+ +=============+ | |
+ | | | | 0 | xsk A | | |
+ | | | +-------------+ | |
+ | | | | 1 | xsk B | | |
+ | | BPF |-- redirect -->+-------------+-------------+
+ | | prog | | 2 | xsk C | |
+ | | | +-------------+ |
+ | | | |
+ | | | |
+ | +---------+ |
+ | |
+ +---------------------------------------------------+
+
+.. note::
+ An AF_XDP socket that is bound to a certain <netdev/queue_id> will *only*
+ accept XDP frames from that <netdev/queue_id>. If an XDP program tries to redirect
+ from a <netdev/queue_id> other than what the socket is bound to, the frame will
+ not be received on the socket.
+
+Typically an XSKMAP is created per netdev. This map contains an array of XSK File
+Descriptors (FDs). The number of array elements is typically set or adjusted using
+the ``max_entries`` map parameter. For AF_XDP ``max_entries`` is equal to the number
+of queues supported by the netdev.
+
+.. note::
+ Both the map key and map value size must be 4 bytes.
+
+Usage
+=====
+
+Kernel BPF
+----------
+bpf_redirect_map()
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ long bpf_redirect_map(struct bpf_map *map, u32 key, u64 flags)
+
+Redirect the packet to the endpoint referenced by ``map`` at index ``key``.
+For ``BPF_MAP_TYPE_XSKMAP`` this map contains references to XSK FDs
+for sockets attached to a netdev's queues.
+
+.. note::
+ If the map is empty at an index, the packet is dropped. This means that it is
+ necessary to have an XDP program loaded with at least one XSK in the
+ XSKMAP to be able to get any traffic to user space through the socket.
+
+bpf_map_lookup_elem()
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ void *bpf_map_lookup_elem(struct bpf_map *map, const void *key)
+
+XSK entry references of type ``struct xdp_sock *`` can be retrieved using the
+``bpf_map_lookup_elem()`` helper.
+
+User space
+----------
+.. note::
+ XSK entries can only be updated/deleted from user space and not from
+ a BPF program. Trying to call these functions from a kernel BPF program will
+ result in the program failing to load and a verifier warning.
+
+bpf_map_update_elem()
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ int bpf_map_update_elem(int fd, const void *key, const void *value, __u64 flags)
+
+XSK entries can be added or updated using the ``bpf_map_update_elem()``
+helper. The ``key`` parameter is equal to the queue_id of the queue the XSK
+is attaching to. And the ``value`` parameter is the FD value of that socket.
+
+Under the hood, the XSKMAP update function uses the XSK FD value to retrieve the
+associated ``struct xdp_sock`` instance.
+
+The flags argument can be one of the following:
+
+- BPF_ANY: Create a new element or update an existing element.
+- BPF_NOEXIST: Create a new element only if it did not exist.
+- BPF_EXIST: Update an existing element.
+
+bpf_map_lookup_elem()
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ int bpf_map_lookup_elem(int fd, const void *key, void *value)
+
+Returns ``struct xdp_sock *`` or negative error in case of failure.
+
+bpf_map_delete_elem()
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ int bpf_map_delete_elem(int fd, const void *key)
+
+XSK entries can be deleted using the ``bpf_map_delete_elem()``
+helper. This helper will return 0 on success, or negative error in case of
+failure.
+
+.. note::
+ When `libxdp`_ deletes an XSK it also removes the associated socket
+ entry from the XSKMAP.
+
+Examples
+========
+Kernel
+------
+
+The following code snippet shows how to declare a ``BPF_MAP_TYPE_XSKMAP`` called
+``xsks_map`` and how to redirect packets to an XSK.
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ struct {
+ __uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_XSKMAP);
+ __type(key, __u32);
+ __type(value, __u32);
+ __uint(max_entries, 64);
+ } xsks_map SEC(".maps");
+
+
+ SEC("xdp")
+ int xsk_redir_prog(struct xdp_md *ctx)
+ {
+ __u32 index = ctx->rx_queue_index;
+
+ if (bpf_map_lookup_elem(&xsks_map, &index))
+ return bpf_redirect_map(&xsks_map, index, 0);
+ return XDP_PASS;
+ }
+
+User space
+----------
+
+The following code snippet shows how to update an XSKMAP with an XSK entry.
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ int update_xsks_map(struct bpf_map *xsks_map, int queue_id, int xsk_fd)
+ {
+ int ret;
+
+ ret = bpf_map_update_elem(bpf_map__fd(xsks_map), &queue_id, &xsk_fd, 0);
+ if (ret < 0)
+ fprintf(stderr, "Failed to update xsks_map: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+
+ return ret;
+ }
+
+For an example on how create AF_XDP sockets, please see the AF_XDP-example and
+AF_XDP-forwarding programs in the `bpf-examples`_ directory in the `libxdp`_ repository.
+For a detailed explaination of the AF_XDP interface please see:
+
+- `libxdp-readme`_.
+- `AF_XDP`_ kernel documentation.
+
+.. note::
+ The most comprehensive resource for using XSKMAPs and AF_XDP is `libxdp`_.
+
+.. _libxdp: https://github.com/xdp-project/xdp-tools/tree/master/lib/libxdp
+.. _AF_XDP: https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/networking/af_xdp.html
+.. _bpf-examples: https://github.com/xdp-project/bpf-examples
+.. _libxdp-readme: https://github.com/xdp-project/xdp-tools/tree/master/lib/libxdp#using-af_xdp-sockets
--
2.34.1
