Hello, We've been working to find a way to bring storage encryption to entry-level Android devices like the inexpensive "Android Go" devices sold in developing countries, and some smartwatches. Unfortunately, often these devices still ship with no encryption, since for cost reasons they have to use older CPUs like ARM Cortex-A7; and these CPUs lack the ARMv8 Cryptography Extensions, making AES-XTS much too slow. We're trying to change this, since we believe encryption is for everyone, not just those who can afford it. And while it's unknown how long CPUs without AES support will be around, there will likely always be a "low end"; and in any case it's immensely valuable to provide a software-optimized cipher that doesn't depend on hardware support. Lack of hardware support should not be an excuse for no encryption. But after an extensive search (e.g. see [1]) we were unable to find an existing cipher that simultaneously meets the very strict performance requirements on ARM processors, is secure (including having sufficient security parameters as well as sufficient cryptanalysis of any primitive(s) used), is suitable for practical use in dm-crypt and fscrypt, *and* avoids any particularly controversial primitive. Therefore, we (well, Paul Crowley did the real work) designed a new encryption mode, Adiantum. In essence, Adiantum makes it secure to use the ChaCha stream cipher for disk encryption. Adiantum is specified by our paper here: https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/720.pdf ("Adiantum: length-preserving encryption for entry-level processors"). Reference code and test vectors are here: https://github.com/google/adiantum. Most of the high-level concepts of Adiantum are not new; similar existing modes include XCB, HCTR, and HCH. Adiantum and these modes are true wide-block modes (tweakable super-pseudorandom permutations), so they actually provide a stronger notion of security than XTS. Adiantum is an improved version of our previous algorithm, HPolyC [2]. Like HPolyC, Adiantum uses XChaCha12, two passes of an ε-almost-∆-universal (εA∆U) hash function, and one AES-256 encryption of a single 16-byte block. On ARM Cortex-A7, on 4096-byte messages Adiantum is about 4x faster than AES-256-XTS (about 5x for decryption), and about 30% faster than Speck128/256-XTS. Adiantum is a construction, not a primitive. Its security is reducible to that of XChaCha12 and AES-256, subject to a security bound; the proof is in Section 5 of our paper. Therefore, one need not "trust" Adiantum; they only need trust XChaCha12 and AES-256. Note that of these two primitives, AES-256 currently has the lower security margin. Adiantum is ~20% faster than HPolyC, with no loss of security; in fact, Adiantum's security bound is slightly better than HPolyC's. It does this by choosing a faster εA∆U hash function: it still uses Poly1305's εA∆U hash function, but now a hash function from the "NH" family of hash functions is used to "compress" the message by 32x first. NH is εAU (as shown in the UMAC paper[3]) but is over twice as fast as Poly1305. Key agility is reduced, but that's acceptable for disk encryption. NH is also very simple, and it's easy to implement in SIMD assembly, e.g. in ARM NEON. Now, to get good performance only a SIMD implementation of NH is required, not Poly1305. Therefore, Adiantum can be easier to port to new platforms than HPolyC, despite Adiantum's slightly increased complexity. For now this patchset only includes an ARM32 NEON implementation of NH, but as a proof of concept I've also written SSE2, AVX2, and ARM64 NEON implementations of NH; see https://github.com/google/adiantum/tree/master/benchmark/src. This patchset adds Adiantum to Linux's crypto API, focusing on generic and ARM32 implementations. Patches 1-7 add support for XChaCha20 and XChaCha12. Patches 8-10 add NHPoly1305 support, needed for Adiantum hashing. Patch 11 adds Adiantum support as a skcipher template. Patch 12 adds Adiantum support to fscrypt ("file-based encryption"). In fscrypt, Adiantum is used for filenames encryption as well as contents encryption; since Adiantum is a SPRP, it fixes the information leak when filenames share a common prefix. We also take advantage of Adiantum's support for long tweaks to include the per-inode nonce directly in the tweak, which allows providing an option to skip the per-file key derivation, providing even greater performance benefits. As before, some of these patches conflict with the new "Zinc" crypto library. But I don't know when Zinc will be merged, so for now I've continued to base this patchset on the current 'cryptodev'. Again, for more details please read our paper: Adiantum: length-preserving encryption for entry-level processors (https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/720.pdf) This patchset can also be found in git at https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiggers/linux.git branch "adiantum-v2". References: [1] https://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-crypto/msg33000.html [2] https://patchwork.kernel.org/cover/10558059/ [3] https://fastcrypto.org/umac/umac_proc.pdf Eric Biggers (12): crypto: chacha20-generic - add HChaCha20 library function crypto: chacha20-generic - add XChaCha20 support crypto: chacha20-generic - refactor to allow varying number of rounds crypto: chacha - add XChaCha12 support crypto: arm/chacha20 - add XChaCha20 support crypto: arm/chacha20 - refactor to allow varying number of rounds crypto: arm/chacha - add XChaCha12 support crypto: poly1305 - add Poly1305 core API crypto: nhpoly1305 - add NHPoly1305 support crypto: arm/nhpoly1305 - add NEON-accelerated NHPoly1305 crypto: adiantum - add Adiantum support fscrypt: add Adiantum support Documentation/filesystems/fscrypt.rst | 183 +- arch/arm/crypto/Kconfig | 7 +- arch/arm/crypto/Makefile | 6 +- ...hacha20-neon-core.S => chacha-neon-core.S} | 90 +- arch/arm/crypto/chacha-neon-glue.c | 207 ++ arch/arm/crypto/chacha20-neon-glue.c | 127 - arch/arm/crypto/nh-neon-core.S | 116 + arch/arm/crypto/nhpoly1305-neon-glue.c | 78 + arch/arm64/crypto/chacha20-neon-glue.c | 40 +- arch/x86/crypto/chacha20_glue.c | 52 +- arch/x86/crypto/poly1305_glue.c | 20 +- crypto/Kconfig | 46 +- crypto/Makefile | 4 +- crypto/adiantum.c | 648 ++++ crypto/chacha20_generic.c | 137 - crypto/chacha20poly1305.c | 10 +- crypto/chacha_generic.c | 217 ++ crypto/nhpoly1305.c | 288 ++ crypto/poly1305_generic.c | 174 +- crypto/testmgr.c | 30 + crypto/testmgr.h | 2856 ++++++++++++++++- drivers/char/random.c | 51 +- fs/crypto/crypto.c | 35 +- fs/crypto/fname.c | 22 +- fs/crypto/fscrypt_private.h | 66 +- fs/crypto/keyinfo.c | 322 +- fs/crypto/policy.c | 5 +- include/crypto/chacha.h | 53 + include/crypto/chacha20.h | 27 - include/crypto/nhpoly1305.h | 74 + include/crypto/poly1305.h | 28 +- include/uapi/linux/fs.h | 4 +- lib/Makefile | 2 +- lib/{chacha20.c => chacha.c} | 59 +- 34 files changed, 5389 insertions(+), 695 deletions(-) rename arch/arm/crypto/{chacha20-neon-core.S => chacha-neon-core.S} (92%) create mode 100644 arch/arm/crypto/chacha-neon-glue.c delete mode 100644 arch/arm/crypto/chacha20-neon-glue.c create mode 100644 arch/arm/crypto/nh-neon-core.S create mode 100644 arch/arm/crypto/nhpoly1305-neon-glue.c create mode 100644 crypto/adiantum.c delete mode 100644 crypto/chacha20_generic.c create mode 100644 crypto/chacha_generic.c create mode 100644 crypto/nhpoly1305.c create mode 100644 include/crypto/chacha.h delete mode 100644 include/crypto/chacha20.h create mode 100644 include/crypto/nhpoly1305.h rename lib/{chacha20.c => chacha.c} (59%) -- 2.19.0.605.g01d371f741-goog
