Here is a trace of shell script I am working on. I got through the cryptsetup earlier this evening but for some reason it just stopped working. Just in case, I've rebooted to see if anything needed tidied up. Nope. I also tried using loop1 instead. Also no difference. When the cfdisk ran, I gave it a single Primary partition that takes all the space and is not marked Bootable. At the point of failure /dev/mapper/loop9p1 exists and I can 'cat' it, so the kpartx is happy enough with the file. Ideas welcome... ------------------------------------------------------------- + dd if=/dev/zero of=/MyDisk/foo.raw count=2097152 2097152+0 records in 2097152+0 records out 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 28.2482 s, 38.0 MB/s + losetup /dev/loop0 /MyDisk/foo.raw + badblocks -c 10240 -s -w -t random -v /dev/loop0 Checking for bad blocks in read-write mode >From block 0 to 1048575 Testing with random pattern: done Reading and comparing: done Pass completed, 0 bad blocks found. + cfdisk /dev/loop0 + kpartx -a /dev/loop0 + cryptsetup --verbose --verify-passphrase luksFormat /dev/mapper/loop0p1 WARNING! ======== This will overwrite data on /dev/mapper/loop0p1 irrevocably. Are you sure? (Type uppercase yes): yes Command failed with code 22: Invalid argument -- To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-crypto" in the body of a message to majordomo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html